PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
OF
PHILADELPHIA.
1896.
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION:
Thomas Meehan, Charles E. Smith,
Edward J. Nolan, M. D., George H. Horn, M. D. ,
Harrison Allen, M. D.
Editor : EDWARD J. NOLAN, M. D.
PHILADELPHIA: ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
LOGAN SQUARE.
1896. 41
M3C
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
February 6, 1896.
I hereby certify that printed copies of the Proceedings of the Academy for 1895 have been presented at the meetings of the Academy as follows : —
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EDWARD J. NOLAN, |
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LEVYTYPE CO., ENGRAVERS AND PRINTERS, PHILA.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
With reference to the several articles contributed by each.
For Verbal Communications see General Index.
Baldwin, D. D. Descriptions of new Species of Achatinellidse
from the Hawaiian Islands (Plates X and XI) 214
Cockerell, T. D. A. Some new Bees of the Genus Perdita ... 11 Ellis, J. B. Notes on some specimens of Pyrenomycetes in the
Schweinitz Herbarium of the Academy 20
Ellis, J. B., and B. M. Everhart. New Species of Fungi from
various localities 413
Foote, Warren M. Preliminary Note on a new Alkali Mineral . 408
Fowke, Gerard. Archaeological Work in Ohio 506
Fox, William J. Synopsis of the Stizini of Boreal America . . 264 Synopsis of the Bembicini of Boreal America (Plate XIV) . 351 Synopsis of the North American Species of Gorytes Latr. . . 517 Greene, Edward L. Eclogse Botanicaj, No. 2. I. Some new
Western Plants ; II. Revision of Tropidocarpum 546
Gwatkin, H. M., and Henry Sutor. Observations on the Den- tition of Achatinellidffi 237
Harris, Gilbert D. New and otherwise interesting Tertiary
Mollusca from Texas (Plates I-IX) 45
Holm, Theo. Contributions to the Flora of Greenland 543
Johnson, C. W., and D. W. Coquillet. Diptera of Florida, with
additional descriptions of new Genera and Species .... 303 Keller, Ida A. The Jelly-like secretion of the fruit of Peltandra
undulata (Plate XII) 287
Notes on the Study of the Cross-fertilization of Flowers by
Insects 555
Kennedy, William. The Eocene Tertiary of Texas east of the
Brazos River 89
Meehan, Thomas. Memoir of John Howard Redfield 292
Moore, J. Percy. Notes on American Enchytraeidre. I. New
Species of Fridericia from the vicinity of Philadelphia
(Plate XIII) 341
Morris, Charles. The Extinction of Species 253
Nolan, Edw. J., M.D. A. biographical notice of W. S. W.
Ruschenberger, M. D 452
/ ^ 337
Ortrnann, Arnold E. A Study of the systematic and geographic- Distribution of the Decapod Family Crangonidre Bate . . 173 Pilsbry, Henry A. On the Status of the Names Aplysia and
Tethys . 347
Pilsbry, H. A., and E. G. Vanatta. New Species of the
Genus Cerion 206
Rhoads, Samuel N. Descriptions of new Mammals from Florida
and Southern California 32
New Subspecies of the Gray Fox and Say's Chipmunk ... 42 Notes on the Varying Hares of Washington and British
Columbia, with descriptions of a new Subspecies 241
Distribution of the American Bison in Pennsylvania, with
remarks on a new fossil Species ' 244
Contributions to the Zoology of Tennessee. No. 1, Reptiles
and Batrachians 376
Contributions to the Zoology of Tennessee. No. 2, Birds . . 463 Ryder, John A. An arrangement of the Retinal Cells in the
Eyes of Fishes partially simulating Compound Eyes . . . 161 The true Nature of the so-called "Nettle-Threads " of Para-
mcecium 167
Scott, W. B. Protoptychus Hatcheri, a new Rodent from the
Uinta Eocene 269
Starks, Edwin Chapin. Description of a new Genus and Species
of Cottoid Fishes from Puget Sound 410
Stone, Witmer. The Priority of the names Calliste, Aglaia and
Calospiza and their use in Ornithology . 251
List of Birds collected in North Greenland by the Peary Expedition of 1891-2 and the Relief Expedition of 1892. . 502 Walter, Emma. Does the Delaware Water Gap consist of Two
River Gorges ? 198
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
OF
PHILADELPHIA.
1895.
January 1. The President, General Isaac J. Wistar, in the Chair.
Fifteen persons present.
The Council reported that the following Standing Committees had been appointed to serve during the current year : —
On Library. — W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., Henry C. Chapman, M. D. , Charles P. Perot, George Vaux, Jr., and Dr. C. Nevvliu Peirce.
On Publications. — John H. Redfield, Charles E. Smith, Thomas Meehan, George H. Horn, M.D., and Edw. J. Nolan, M.D.
On Instruction and Lectures. — Charles Morris, Benjamin Sharp, M.D., Samuel G. Dixon, M.D., George A. Rex, M.D., and Uselma C. Smith.
Standing Committee of Council on By-Laws. — W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., Theodore D. Rand, William Sellers, and Isaac J. Wistar.
2
10 proceedings of the academy of [1895.
January 8.
The President, General Isaac J. Wistar, in the Chair. Twenty- six persons present.
January 15. Dr. Samuel G. Dixon in the Chair.
Eighty- nine persons present.
A paper entitled "On some new and otherwise interesting Tertiary Mollusca from Texas," by Gilbert D. Harris, was preseD ted for pub- lication.
Charles Lester Leonard, M.D., made a communication on a new method of studying cell motion as exemplified in the red and white blood corpuscles. (No abstract.)
January 22.
Mr. Charles P. Perot in the Chair.
Twenty- eight persons present.
Papers under the following titles were presented for publication : —
"Notes on Specimens of Pyrenomycetes in the Schweinitz Her- barium of the Academy," by J. B. Ellis.
"Description of new Mammals from California and Florida," by S. N. Rhoads.
The deaths of Robert H. Lamborne and Wm. G. Moorehead, members, were announced.
January 29. Dr. C. Newlin Peirce in the Chair.
Twenty-two persons present.
R. Shirley Borden and Frank Haimbach were elected members.
The following were ordered to be printed : —
1895.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 11
SOME NEW BEES OF THE GENUS PERDITA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.
In Cresson'*s catalogue of 1887, there are given thirteen species of Perdita, four of which, however, are considered only doubtfully referable to the genus. Of these species 2 are from Col., 2 Cala., 2 Nev., 1 Tex., 1 Col., Nev., 1 Col., Tex., N. Mex., 1 Ga., 1 U. S., IN. Am. Lately, Mr. Fox has described three from Lower California. The opinion, which might have been derived from these facts, that the genus is specially characteristic of the arid region, is strengthened by the information given below. Without any special search for the genus, the writer has discovered ten new species in New Mexico during the season of 1894, though one of them had previously been captured by Prof. Townsend.
Mr. Fox, to whom I am very greatly indebted for comparing the types with those of Cresson, has suggested the preparation of a synoptic table. This, however, is deferred for the present, as it is confidently expected that more new species will be found when they are systematically looked for next year.
The specific differences offered by these bees present a very in- teresting problem to the Darwinian, and it is hoped to dwell at some length on this phase of the subject hereafter. But attention may be called to the peculiar and apparently constant (within nar- row limits) markings of the face, which seem to fall under Wallace's class of "recognition marks."
All of the bees now described appear to me to be congeneric in the strictest sense. It has not been thought necessary to mention in each description those characters which run throughout the series ; it is assumed that anyone using the descriptions has made himself familiar with the generic type.
With regard to the extent of the pale markings on the face, the New Mexican species of Perdita form a series thus : —
Semierocea -f phymatce -+■ sexmaculata, hyalina, albipennis, albovit- tata, austini, canina, nitidella -+- foxi, martini, luteola.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895.
The known distribution of the species in New Mexico is thus : —
(1.) Mesilla valley, about 3,800 ft. above tide. — Hijalina, albipen- nis, phymatce, martini, semicrocea, lateola, nitidella, austini.=S spp.
(2.) San Augustine, on east side of Organ Mts. — Albovittata.= 1 sp.
(3.) Santa Fe, about 7,000 ft. above tide. — Sexmaculata, canina, foxi.=3 spp.
Thus the species of each locality are different.
P. luteola has been described in another paper ; it is easily known by its entirely yellow color. The other new species are described herewith. All the types are now in Coll. Amer. Ent. Society.
Perdita phymatae n. sp. 9.
About 4£ mm. long: head and thorax shining olive- green, scutel- lum bluish, metathorax green. Abdomen shining piceous.
Face without pale marks ; mandibles brown ; antennae dark brown, last four joints of flagellum pale brown beneath. Crown of head finely punctured. A distinct ridge between antennae, replaced pos- teriorly by a groove, which extends to the middle ocellus. A short, shallow groove near and parallel with inner margin of eye.
Thorax very finely punctured, with a few scattered pale hairs. Metathorax with a distinct fovea.
Abdomen piceous, sparsely clothed with pale hairs at tip.
Legs dark brown; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation brown.
Recognized among the species with a dark face, by its dark brown abdomen and legs.
Hab. — The type was taken out of the clutches of an example of Phymata fasciata Gray, at Las Cruces, N. M. , on the campus of the Agricultural College, beginning of October. (Ckll., 2,492.) The Phymata was on yellow (Composite) flowers, which it deceptively resembles in color.
Mr. Fox remarks that semicrocea, martini, sexmaculata, and phy- matce are "all good and so distinct as to scarcely require comparison."
Perdita sexmaculata n. sp. 9.
About 5 mm. long : head and thorax shining indigo-blue; clypeus, mesothorax, and scutellum black; prothorax slightly greenish in some lights, in others blue. Ends of mandibles rufous. Scape black ; flagellum dark brown, paler beneath. Face and clypeus with dis- tinct but very sparse punctures.
1895.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 13
Thorax smooth and very sparsely punctured, except the blue metathorax, which appears rough from extremely minute and close punctures — one should say rugulose rather thrfh punctured.
Abdomen piceous, shiny, apex with pale hairs. Sides of 2d, 3d, and 4th segments with a large, pale yellow spot or blotch. First segment with a deep longitudinal groove extending from its base to a little beyond its middle.
Metathorax with a distinct fovea. A groove near front margin of eye as in phymatcv. Legs dark brown, tips of anterior femora, an- terior tibia? beneath, and anterior tarsi, yellow. Wings hyaline, iridescent, venation brown.
Recognized among the species with a dark face, by the piceous abdomen with six yellow spots, and the not entirely brown legs.
Hab.— Santa Fe, N. M., July 25th. (Ckll., 1,647.)
Perdita semicrocea n. sp. 9.
About 4 mm. long : head and thorax black, with a bronze-green tint in certain lights. Thorax sparsely punctured, vertex of head finely rugulose.
Face wholly dark ; antennae brown, flagellum yellowish beneath. Cheeks behind eyes with white hairs. Metathorax finely rugulose.
Abdomen above orange, deepening in tint towards apex ; first seg- ment mostly fuscous, second with an ill-defined fuscous band along its sides and hind margin, third with rudiments of such a band. Under side of abdomen orange.
Legs with coxse and femora, except at ends, dark. Ends of femora, and whole of tibise and tarsi of anterior and middle legs primrose-yellow ; corresponding parts of hind legs brownish.
Wings hyaline, veins colorless, stigma pale lemon-yellow. Third discoidal cell distinct.
Recognized among the species with a dark face, by its orange abdomen.
Hab. — Las Cruces, N. M. , on yellow (Composite) flowers on cam- pus of N. M. Agric. College, beginning of October. (Ckll., 2,500.)
Perdita austini n. sp. <?.
About 3j mm. long: head and thorax shining black, head with a slight greenish, metathorax with a bluish tinge. Crown of head very finely granular. White hairs on head and thorax sparse. Tegula? canary-yellow. Clypeus yellow with a minute black dot on
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895.
each side; sides of face, in front of eyes, yellow, the yellow extend- ing upward about the length of scape above the level of insertion of antenna?. Scape yellow, funicle and flagellum yellowish below and above brownish below.
Abdomen shining, smooth, with a very few hairs near apex ; sepia brown, with broad, yellow bands (not reaching the lateral margin on second segment) occupying the anterior halves of the 2d, 3d, and 4th segments, with another obscurely indicated at hind margin of 4th. The bands are somewhat suffused, not clean cut, at their edges.
Underside of abdomen yellow, brownish towards the tip. Legs yellow and black. Anterior tibia? and tarsi canary-yellow, femora yellow with a black blotch on inner side, and mostly black without. Middle legs duller, femora mostly black, tibise partly so. Hind legs with femora and tibia? black except their ends, tarsi darkened.
Wings hyaline ; stigma almost, veins quite, colorless. Third dis- coidal absent.
Recognized among the species with partly yellow face by the yellow extending above level of insertion of antenna? along the margin of the eyes but not in the median line, and by the small size and suffused tints.
Hab. — Las Cruces, N. M., on campus of N. M. Agric. Coll., September. (CklL, 2,398.)
Mr. Fox writes of austini that it is " near zebrata but differs by the more slender legs, 2d submarginal cell narrower at the top; the head retreats more rapidly behind the eyes. It differs principally from ventralis by this latter character."
Perdita martini n. sp. d ■
About 4 mm. long; head and thorax dark metallic-blue moderately hirsute with white hairs. Crown very finely punctured. Face up to level of anterior ocellus, including clypeus, entirely pale primrose-yellow ; except for a black dot close to anterior margin of eye on each side, as far from nearest lateral ocellus as that is from the opposite lateral one.
Antenna? pale primrose-yellow, and with first 8 joints of flagellum above largely dark brown. Cheeks below middle of eyes pale yellow.
Thorax, except the minutely roughened metathorax, sparsely punctured.
Prothorax pale primrose-yellow with a median transverse metallic- blue band.
1895.] NATURAL, SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 15
Abdomen with about equally broad bands of pale yellow and piceous, the piceous bands being at base of 1st, at junction of 1st and 2d, at distal margin of 2d and 3d, at junction of 4th and 5th, and at distal margin of 5th segment.
Legs primrose-yellow, posterior tibiae and femora more or less fuscous above. Wings hyaline, venation extremely pale; outer margin of 3d discoidal very faint.
Abdomen beneath entirely yellow, tip tinged with orange.
Recognized among the species with partly yellow face, by the yellow extending upwards to the level of the anterior ocellus, and the almost entirely yellow legs. The face is practically all yellow.
Hab. — Las Cruces, N. M., on the College Farm, April 26th. (Ckll., 731.)
I have ventured to name this and the next preceding after my two little sons, the elder of whom has gone to the undiscovered country.
Perdita albovittata n. sp. $.
About 5£ mm. long; head and thorax shining dark indigo- blue, with the white hairs more _ prominent than in sexmacnlata, forming quite a conspicuous white pubescence on cheeks and face. Antennse dark brown, paler, but still dark, towards their ends. Mandibles brownish. Clypeus and a large patch on each side of it ivory-white; clypeus with a blackish mark rather in the form of a horse-shoe, but very faint medially and broadened laterally.
Head rather sparsely punctate. Thorax very sparsely punctate. Metathorax shiny, not roughened as in sexmacnlata.
Abdomen piceous, with dense, rather coarse white hairs at tip. 1st segment with a deep groove, extending somewhat beyond its middle. 2d and 3d segments each with a broad yellowish- white band, 4th with two bauds. Band on 2d segment narrowly interrupted medially ; it is situated along the upper margin of the segment, except at sides, where it bends hindward. Band on 3d segment similar, but only constricted, not interrupted, medially. 1st band on 4th segment similar, but only notched medially on its hind margin, broader, and evanescent at sides. 2d band on 4th segment placed along its hind margin, straight, and evanescent at sides; it represents the band of 5th segment pushed forward.
Underside of abdomen piceous, with pale marks at sides, resem- bling the upper side of abdomen of sexmacnlata considerably.
16 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF [1895.
Legs black. Wings hyaline with a milky tint, iridescent. Vena- tion pale brown.
Recognized among the species with partly white face, by its denser hairs on head and thorax, white bands on abdomen, and black legs.
Hab.— San Augustine, N. M., August 29th. (Ckll., 2,270.) Another example, from the same locality and taken on the same day (Ckll., 2,277, a $ ), differs a little, having the dark marks on clypeus reduced, mesothorax above very dark, slightly greenish, not blue (metathorax and pleura blue), band of 2d segment of abdomen constricted, not interrupted medially.
Mr. Fox writes: " albovittata also very distinct by dark legs, im- maculate pronotum and long marginal cell."
Perdita nitidella n. sp. tf-
About 4 mm. long; head and thorax greenish-blue. Face (in- cluding clypeus) up to level of insertion of antennae bright yellow, furthermore, the yellow extends as much beyond the insertion of the antennae as the length of the scape, but is divided by two incursions of the dark blue, which descend to the bases of the antennae, their sides forming right angles thereat. Antennae yellow, funicle, flagel- lum, and tip of scape more or less dark brown above.
Head and thorax finely rugulose. Borders of prothorax, and tegulae, yellow. Abdomen shiny, yellow, becoming darker towards the tip, with dark brown bands. These bands are one at base of 1st segment and one at its distal border, these two connected by a longitudinal median line; a broad one at distal border of 2d seg- ment, bulging (especially posteriorly) in the middle; a linear one at proximal border and a broad one at distal border of 3d segment, and rather broad ones about the distal borders of 4th, 5th, and 6th segments.
Legs primrose-yellow, hind tibiae and tarsi brownish.
Wings hyaline, iridescent, veins dark brown, 3d discoidal exces- sively indistinct.
Recognized among the species with partly yellow face, by the yel- low extending over the whole of that portion of the face beneath the level of the antennae, but not to the middle ocellus; by the yellow legs ; and by the small size and shiny abdomen with yellow and brown bands.
Hab — Las Cruces, N. M., on the campus of the Agricultural
1895.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 17
College, September. (Ckll., L',405.) Another specimen had previ- ously been taken at Las duces, by Prof. C. H. T. Towusend.
Mr. Fox writes: "rritidella is new, unless the $ of some known species, which, however, I think unlikely." I do not myself enter- tain any serious doubts as to the validity of the species.
Perdita canina n. sp. &.
About 5 mm. long ; head and* thorax dark metallic-blue, the white pubescence moderately abundant. Crown of head minutely granular, with punctures interspersed, showing that the granulations do not represent minute punctures of the ordinary sort.
Clypeus yellowish-white, this color extending upwards to level of antennae and there abruptly truncate, with a slight indentation in the middle. On each side this is touched by a heart-shaped spot situated beneath the antenna?, the whole so placed as to suggest the head of a hound, with drooping ears, seen from behind. A minute, black dot on each side of clypeus, as in austini. Besides these markings a narrowing band of yellow borders the eyes in front, coming to a point a little above the level of the antenme. Antenna? yellow be- neath and black above.
Thorax shiny, sparsely punctured, tegulre pale yellow.
Abdomen yellow and dark sepia- brown ; 1st segment brown; 2d and 3d segments, with the disc broadly yellow, margined with brown, this margin not covering the sides, which are yellow at the angles. 4th segment yellow with its upper margin brown, the brown extend- ing hindward at the sides to about the middle of the segment. Just below this brown margin, medially, is a minute dot of brown. Hind margin of 4th segment narrowly brown, with a squarish brown mark ou each side about half-way between lateral margin and cen- tre. 5th segment yellow, very narrowly margined with brown above at centre, and with a brown spot on each side near lateral margin, and near hind margin a pair of brown marks representing the squarish marks of previous segment. Remaining segments yellow. Abdomen shiny, obscurely punctate.
Legs yellow marked with black ; anterior femur and tibia each with a black patch behind; middle femur with an oblique black patch behind, middle tibia mostly black, middle tarsus pale brownish. Hind femur with a large elongated black patch above, hind tibia and tarsus blackish.
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895.
Wings hyaline, veins dark brown, stigma margined with brown, 3d discoidal very weak.
Abdomen beneath yellow, the anterior margins of the segments narrowly black.
Hab.— Santa Fe, N. M. , July 19th. (Ckll., 1,572 and 1,571.)
Mr. Fox writes: "canina may be the <?of zebrata, although I had previously referred two S specimens, different from yours, to that species. ' ' *
There was taken, however, at Santa Fe (Ckll., 1,270, July 5th) a specimen of which Mr. Fox writes: "No. 1,270 I had named as P. albipennis, but I now find it differs from that species and is per- haps the $ of canina."
This example differs principally from canina ( $ ) by the face mark- ings being white; the clypeus not entirely pale, but with the pale color terminating on its upper half in three projections; the yellowish above the clypeus represented by a pair of oval, white marks; the dog's-ear- like marks absent ; the 1st segment of abdomen with a narrow in- terrupted band, the bands on the other segments continuous in the middle ; antennae darker; size larger.
I think this is a distinct (and new) species, but it may be wiser to leave it unnamed until its relationship with canina can be made clearer. In P. albipennis, the sexes differ very much in the colora- tion of the abdomen, but I find the face markings practically the same in $ and 9 . Hence it seems likely that the dog's- head markings are characteristic of canina in either sex. In its face mark- ings, this 9 form is intermediate between canina and albipennis, but quite different from both.
Perdita foxi n. sp. j1.
About 5 mm. long or slightly more ; head and thorax very dark blue; face mostly yellow. Abdomen black. Legs rufous. The white pubescence reduced to a minimum, though sufficiently evident, if scattered, on the posterior tibia; and tip of abdomen.
Head almost exactly circular; vertex finely roughened, clypeus distinctly punctate. Mandibles large, canary-yellow inclining to orange, with piceous tips. Clypeus cpjite prominent, canary-yellow with a black dot on each side. In addition to the clypeus, the wdiole of the face is canary-yellow up to the level of the insertion of the antenme; the yellow at the sides, just before the eyes, extending still further upward, in a broad band which is deeply notched at its ex-
1895.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 19
tremity, the termination of this band being about (or hardly) as far above the level of the insertion of the antennae as the length of the scape. Cheeks yellow. Antennae dull chrome-yellow, funicle and flagellum blackened above.
Thorax, seen from above, much the shape of a Goodale pear (see Downing), metathorax abruptly truncate and rapidly descending, rugulose.
Lateral margin of prothorax yellow. Teguhe pale testaceous. Legs pale rufous, or one might say brownish- orange.
Wings hyaline, beautifully iridescent, veins and stigma distinct, dark (sepia) brown. The recurrent and transverso-cubital nervures more or less broken by hyaline spots. 3d discoidal distinct. Mar- ginal about as long as stigma.
Abdomen pitch-black, shiny, hind margins of 3d and 4th seg- ments obscurely brownish.
Recognized by its black abdomen and orange- rufous legs; nearest to nitldella in its face markings, but still quite distinct.
.Ha&.— Santa Fe, N. M., June 25th. (Ckll., 1,096.)
Mr. Fox remarks that this is "very distinct and new." I owe to him the opportunity of describing it, as I had sent it to him before I became interested in the genus, and he kindly returned it that it might be included in the present paper.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895.
NOTES ON SOME SPECIMENS OF PYKENOMYCETES IN THE SCHWEINITZ HERBARIUM OF THE ACADEMY.
BY J. B. ELLIS.
Some time during the past year (1894) there was found in the Herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, a package that had lain unnoticed for many years. The package was found to contain many of the missing specimens mentioned in the preface to The North Am. Pyrenomycetes. These specimens are evidently authentic and reliable, the writing on the papers in which they are wrapped being in Schweinitz's own hand, with the abbreviation L. v. S.1 after the names of the species described by him. In only a few cases are the habitats given, but almost all are marked as collected either at Bethlehem, Pa., or Salem, N. C. They are all very small — many of them old and without fruit.
From a careful examination of the specimens the following notes were made to enable one to recognize some of the Schweinitzian species that have hitherto been only imperfectly understood. Dr. Karl Starback in his " Studier i Elias Fries Svamparherbarium:" Bihang till K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., Band 19, Afd. Ill, No. 2, 1894, has also examined some of the specimens noted and his observations agree with those here recorded: —
Chaetomium olivaceum C. & E., Grev., VI, p. 96. Sphczria Douglas ii Schw., in Herb. Schw.
On dead herbaceous stems. Shores of Lake Huron (Prof. Doug- las). Comm. Dr. Torrey.
Venturia cincinnata Fr., Sunim. Veg. Scand., p. 405. Sphcsria cincinnata Fr., S. M., II, p. 451.
Perithecia clustered, ovate- globose, 150// diarn., clothed with black, spreading spines 25-40 x 4-5,".. Asci subsessile, clavate-cylin- drical, 40-50 x 8-10//., paraphysate. The specc. were not fully ma- ture and the sporidia could not be accurately made out.
On the lower surface of leaves of Vaccinium. Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).
1 L. v. S. is the abbreviation used by Schweinitz to indicate his name : Ludovicus von Schweinitz.
1895.] NATURAL, SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 21
Lasiosphaeria setosa (Schw.).
Sphceria setosa Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,533.
Perithecia gregarious, superficial, ovate- couical, about f mm. high and h mm. broad, clothed except the black, entire or subsulcate, ob- tuse ostiolum, with tuberculiform tufts of matted hairs among which arise other, darker, longer hairs. Asci elongated, narrowed above, short-stipitate, paraphysate, 8-spored, 100-120 x 12-15//. Sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, hyaline, nucleate, curved near the lower end, 45-55 x 4-5/;.; about the same as in L. hirsuta.
On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).
Lasiosphaeria emergens (Schw.).
Sphceria emergens Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,534.
Mycelium of brown, branching threads septate and undulate, bear- ing terminally (and laterally)? yellowish-brown, globose conidia 12- 15// diam. with coarsely granular contents. Sporidia nearly straight, cylindrical, hyaline, 28-32 x 4//, apparently becoming 3-septate.
Differs from L. Rhacodium in its ovate- conical perithecia.
Chaetosphaeria squamulata (Schw.).
Sphceria squama/a Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,538.
Melanomma squamulata E. & E., N. A. Pyr., p. 184.
Sphceria squamata in Herb. Schw.
Chcetosphceria squamulata Starbiick, Studier i Elias Fr. Svamp. Herb., p. 31.
When the N. A. P. was published we had not seen an authentic spec, of this species, which is accurately described by Starbiick, I.e., the description there given applying perfectly to the spec, in Herb. Schw. This spec, however, is labeled Sphceria "squamata" L. v. S., instead of squamulata as given in Syn. N. Am. with the added note "olim S. fuscospora."
Herpotrichia diffusa (Schw.) var. rhbdomphala B. & C.
Sphceria diffusa Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,502.
Splncria rhodomphala Berk. Hook., Lond. Journ. Bot., IV, p. 212. Sph. tris- tis in Herb. Schw.
Ampin 'sphceria subiculosa E. & E., Journ. Mycol., II, p. 103.
Neopeckia diffusa Starbiick, Stud, i Elias Fries Svamp. Herb., Vet. Akad Haudl., 1894.
Didymotrichia diffusa Berlese, in the Proc. of the International Bot. Con- gress, 1S92.
The specc. distributed in Ell. & Evrht's N. A. F., 2,130, differ from the Schweiuitzian spec, in having the perithecia smaller (about f mm.), and less crowded, and in their rather smaller, less distinctly constricted sporidia. These differences, however, seem hardly to be of specific value, all the other characters being the same, and it seems
22 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895.
better to put the N. A. F. specc. as a mere var. of that in Herb. Schw., viz., var. rhodomphala Berk. Sphceria rhodomphala Berk., 1. c.
Rosellinia araneosa (Pers. ).
Sphceria araneosa Pers., Icon, et descr., 1, p. 24, tab. VII, fig. 6, a-h. Rosellinia araneosa Sacc, Syll., I, p. 259.
Perithecia crowded in elongated groups \— 1 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, globose, papillate, | mm. diam. Sporidia (free spores) in- equilaterally elliptical, brown, continuous, 7-9 x 5-6//.
Has the external aspect of Rosellinia medullaris (Wallr. ), from which it differs in its rather smaller perithecia and very different sporidia.
Rosellinia thelena Fr., var. terrestris. Sphceria terrestris Schw. in Herb.
Perithecia depressed- globose, grayish-brown, smooth, with a dis- tinct papilliform ostiolum, gregarious, or crowded, about I mm. diam., connected at base by a thin, brown subiculum of matted hairs. Asci (p. sp.) 130 x 6//, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, oblong - fusoid, deep brown, continuous, straight, 22-25 x 5-7/*, with a straight, hyaline, mucronate append- age at each end.
On the ground, New York State (Schw.).
Melanomma exile (Schw.). Sphceria exile, Schw. in Herb. Schw.
Perithecia scattered, erumpent-superficial, black, minute, 120-
150// diam., finally slightly collapsed. Ostiolum conic- papilliform.
The asci could not be made out but sporidia (free spores), were
abundant, oblong- elliptical, 13-16 x 5-6//, 3-septate and brown,
occasionally with one or two cells divided by a longitudinal septum.
The subiculum (arachnoid, whitish) is hardly perceptible. The
perithecia, if pilose at all, are very indistinctly so.
Rosellinia medullaris (Wallr.).
Sphceria medullaris Wallr., Fl. Crypt. Germ., II, p. 792.
The spec, in Herb. Schw. labeled Sphwria mammiformis is this species. The perithecia are too small for B. mammiformis, and dis- tinctly ovate. The purplish pruinose pubescence is also distinctly to be seen. Sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptical, often subinequi- lateral, 18-22 x 8-10//.
Rosellinia rhodomela (Schw. J, not Fr.
Perithecia gregarious, superficial, minute (200//), ovate or sub.
1895.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23
globose, with a papilliform ostiolum soon perforated, seated on a red subicnlurn and clothed with a thin, dirty rose-colored, pulveraceo- tomentose coat. The mycelium is very thin and scanty and the wood is stained red in the part occupied by the perithecia. The substance of the perithecia themselves also has a reddish tint. Asci cylindrical, p. sp. 68-75 x 8//, short-stipitate, 8-spored, paraphy- sate. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical or subglobose, opake, 8-12 x 5-7/*.
Rosellinia imposita Schw.
Sphceria imposita Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,503.
This differs from R. aquila only in the scanty subiculum.
Sporidia oblong, continuous, brown, 18-24 x 6-8/./..
Ceratostomella investita (Schw.).
Sphceria investita Schw., in Herb. Fries. Sphceria investita in Schw. Syn. N. Am., 1,621? Sphceria vestita Schw., in Herb. Schw. Ceratostomella investita Starbiick, 1. c.
Perithecia gregarious, immersed, or partly superficial, 400//diam., beset around the lower part with slender, black, septate hairs 80-120 x 3fi, and pubescent with shorter, finer hairs above. Ostiola cylin- drical, 1 mm. or more long, erumpent through a felt-like brownish- yellow tomentum overspreading the surface of the wood.
Asci cylindrical, 60-65 x 6-7//, with a short stipe, p. sp. 50-60// long. Paraphyses none. Sporidia uniseriate, or subbiseriate above, oblong-elliptical, 6-8 x 3?//, hyaline, 2-nucleate.
There can be no doubt that this is the same as the spec, examined by Starbiick, in Herb. Fries, but it does not agree entirely with the diagnosis given by Schweinitz, as the ostiola are not "sulcate-tuber- culose," nor are they " thickened above. " The spec, from Herb. Schw. was labeled " Sphceria vestita" L. v. S., and was on rotten wood, Bethlehem Pa., "vestita" being apparently a lapsus calami for investita.
Amphisphaeria papilla (Schw.).
Sphceria papilla Schw., Syn. Car., 159. Melanopsamma papilla (Schw.), N. A. Pyr., p. 17S.
Perithecia conic- hemispherical, with the base slightly sunk in the wood, f-1 mm. diam. with a distinct conic- papilliform ostiolum. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, paraphysate, p. sp. 100-120 x 12-15//.. Sporidia overlapping- uniseriate, fusoid- oblong, subinequilateral, brown, uniseptate, slightly constricted, 25-32 x 8-1 2,u.
On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895.
This has the outward appearance of the specc. on white oak bark, mentioned in N. A. Pyr. , p. 178, but the asci and sporidia are smaller, and the latter are brown. Notwithstanding these discrep- ancies, the Newfield specc. are no doubt referable to Sphceria papilla Schw.
Trematosphseria mastoidea (Fr. ).
Starback, 1. c, gives as syn. of this species: Sphceria albicans Schw., Syn. Car., 176, and Sphceria obtecta, Schw., Syn. Car., 206.
The spec, in Herb. Schw. is entirely without fruit.
Sphceria denudans Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,625, is appai'ently a Trematosphceria, but the spec, in Herb. Schw. is old, and the peri- thecia mostly broken down. A few free spores were seen, oblong, dark brown, 3- septate, 20-22 x 7-8//.
Trematosphseria applanata (Fr. ).
Sphceria applanata Fr., S. M., II, p. 463 (in part at least). Sphceria applanata Oudern., Anwinst. Myc. Neder., 1875-1876, p. 11. Sphceria Aspergrenii Fr., in Herb. Schw. Trematosphceria applanata Sacc, Syll., II, p. 120.
From the spec, in Herb. Schw. the following diagnosis has been made: —
Perithecia scattered, erumpent-superficial, depressed-hemispherical, 170-200;/. diam., becoming more or less collapsed above, with a papilliform ostiolum. Asci oblong-cylindrical, short- sti pi tate, p. sp. 75-80 x 18-22//, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate, or biseriate, clavate- oblong, 4-5- (mostly 4-) septate, and finally constricted at the septa, 24-30 x 7-9//, surrounded with a hyaline envelope.
This is certainly different from Trematosphceria, applanata (Fr.), Fckl. Symbolse Myc, p. 162, N. Am. Pyr., p. 206, which is an Amphisphceria, having uniseptate sporidia broader below, while this has 4-5-septate sporidia narrower below. Apparently it is the same as that described by Oudemans, 1. c, though he says nothing of the hyaline envelope, which is very distinct in the Schweinitzian spec.
Trematosphaeria astroidea (Fr. )?
Sphceria astroidea Fr. ? (in Herb. Schw.).
Perithecia gregarious, superficial ovate-globose, black, with a few, short, spreading, bristle- like hairs around the base. Ostiolum minute, acutely conical. Asci not seen. Sporidia oblong-fusoid, 3-4-septate, pale brown, 12-15 x 3-3 h>-
On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schweinitz).
1895.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 25
Trematosphaeria confertula (Schw. ).
Sphesria confertula Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,508.
Perithecia densely crowded, seated on a felt-like brown subiculum and clotbed below with straight, septate, bristle- like brown hairs, globose, about i mm. diam., finally collapsing to cup-shaped. Asci clavate-eylindrical, stipitate, paraphysate, 8-spored, p. sp. 60-67 x 12//. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, slightly curved, hyaline and uni- septate at first, becoming brown and 3-septate but not constricted, 18-22x6-7//
Whether this is the same as Amphisperia conferta Schw., in N. A. P., p. 206, is doubtful. The spec, referred to in Syn. Car. was on bark of Sassafras, and is described as having the perithecia depressed at the apex, while in the Bethlehem spec, here described, they are deeply collapsed. Dr. Cooke who examined a spec, from Carolina, in Herb. Berk., found the sporidia uniseptate, 12 x 4//. Probably the Carolina spec, is a different thing from the Bethlehem spec, though Schweinitz in Syn. N. Am. considers them the same.
On rotten wood, Bethlehem, Pa. (Schw.).
Trematosphaeria Schweinitzii E. & E.
Perithecia gregarious, semiemergent or erumpent-superficial, \-$ mm. diam. , ovate-conical, gradually attenuated above into the conical or short-cylindrical ostiolum, or when erumpent, depressed- globose with tuberculo-papilliform ostiolum, roughish and brownish-black. Asci cylindrical, stipitate, paraphysate, p. sp. about 90 x 8-10,". Sporidia overlapping-uniseriate, fusoid, brown, 3-septate and con- stricted at the middle septum, the end cells attenuated to an obtuse point and a little paler, 19-22 x 5-6//.
On dead canes of Rabus, Bethlehem, Pa., Schw. (in Herb.), un- der the name of Sphceria rostellata Fr.
Teichospora tenacella (Fr.).
Sphceria tenacella Fr., S. M., II. p. 492.
Perithecia subseriate, semierumpent through longitudinal cracks in the epidermis, subglobose, smooth, about J mm. diam., finally collapsing above. Asci not seen. Sporidia oblong or oblong-ellip- tical, brown, the end cells paler, 3-5 (mostly 3-) septate, with a more or less continuous longitudinal septum, 20-26x10-11//.. In the oblong sporidia there are mostly only the three transverse septa with constrictions at each septum, but in the oblong- elliptical sporidia,
3
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1895.
which make up the greater number, there is a single longitudinal
septum and no constrictions.
On small, dead limbs, Bethlehem, Pa., Schw.
Amphisphseria nobilis (Schw.).
Sphceria nobilis Schw. in Herb. Schw.
Perithecia superficial, ovate- globose, black, 350-400," diam., glabrous, with an acutely papilliform ostiolum. Asci clavate- cylindrical, short- sti pi tate, paraphysate, 75-80x12-15,", 8-spored. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, obloug-fusoid, slightly curved, obtuse, brown, uniseptate, scarcely constricted, each cell with a large nucleus, 18-22 x 6-7/;.
The base of the perithecia is only slightly sunk in the surface of the wood, but there is nothing to indicate that they ever become movable.
On rotten wood, Salem, N. C. (Schw.).
Lophiostoma tingens (Schw.).
Sphceria tingens Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,591.
Perithecia entirely buried in the wood, ovate-globose, about \ mm. diam., subcompressed, neck flattened with the obtusely conical, sub- tubercular, stout; ostiolum erumpent and only slightly compressed. Asci clavate- cylindrical, short- sti pitate, 110-120 x 15-18//, 8-spored, with abundant, filiform paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate or oblique, broad-fusoid, hyaline, becoming brownish, 4-6- (mostly 5-) septate, 22-30 x 6-7,«.
On decorticated, weather-beaten wood of Sassafras, Bethlehem, Pa.
This, of course, is very different from Lophidium tingens (Ell.), in N. A. P., p. 235.
Lophiostoma Spireeae (Schw.).
Sphceria Spircece and Sphceria crenata Schw. in Herb. Schw. Sphceria crenata Pers., var. Spircece Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,599. Lophiostoma Spircece Pk. 28th Eep., p. 76.
The diagnosis of Lophiostoma Spiraea, as given in N. Am. Pyr., p. 232, fits the Schweinitzian specimen exactly.
Sec. Schw. ; very common on dead branches of Spiraioz opulifolia, Bethlehem, Pa., and Salem, N. C.
Calosphaeria assecla (Schw.).
Sphceria assecla Schw., Syn. N. Am., 1,622. Valsa pulchelloidea C. & E., Grev., VI, p. 92.
The diagnosis of Calosphaeria pulchelloidea fits the Schweinitzian specimen of Sphceria assecla Schw. perfectly. Valsa microtheca, C. & E., 1. c, is hardly more than a scattered, dwarf form.
1895.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27
Cryptosphaeria paetula (Fr.).
Sphceria pcetula Fr., S. M., II, p. 483. Sphceria secreta C. & E., Grev., V, p. 94.
Crytosphceria secreta (C. & E.) Sacc, Syll., No. 688, and Ell. & Evrht., N. A. Pyr., p. 514.
The Schweinitziau spec, shows no asci, but the perithecia, habit,
and sporidia are the same as in Sphceria secreta, C. & E. , leaving no
doubt that the latter is the same as Sphceria pcetula (Fr. ) if, as
seems probable, the spec, in Herb. Schw. is reliable.
Pseudovalsa occulta (Schw.) Sphceria occulta in Herb. Schw.
Stroma cortical, orbicular, not circumscribed, 2-3 mm. diam., convex. Perithecia 1-5 in a stroma, f-1 mm. diam., globose, their bases slightly sunk in the surface of the wood, ascigerous nucleus light colored. Ostiola obscure, erumpent in a small black disk, which is orbicular or narrowly and transversely elliptical, slightly raising and perforating the epidermis and closely embraced by it. Asci broad clavate-cylindrical, 180-210 x 20-30// (including the very short stipe, 8-spored, with filiform, sparingly branched or mostly simple paraphyses. Sporidia biseriate, broad-fusoid-oblong, obtuse, 3-septate, 45-62 x 13-16//, hyaline, becoming brownish.
Differs from P. malbrancheana Sacc. in its 8-spored asci and only
3-septate sporidia not hyaline at the ends.
Diatrypella obscurata (Schw.).
Sphceria obscurata Schw. (in Herb.).
Perithecia large (f mm.), either lying singly, or 2-6 together in
a subcuticular stroma 2-6 mm. diam., black and rough outside,
white within, blackening the surface of the wood which is also deeply
penetrated by a dark, circumscribing line enclosing several stromata.
Asci clavate, 75-80 x 12-15//., p. sp. about 50//, long, polysporous.
Sporidia irregularly crowded, yellow in the mass, hyaline when seen
singly, allantoid, moderately curved, with a nucleus near each end,