■ v^ , ^- : r^r

A Hands-On Report: Commodore's New 1 28 Computer

COMPUTE!

The Leading Magazine Of Home, Educational, And Recreational Computing

$2.95

June 1985 Issue 61 Vol. 7, No. 6

S3.50 Caooda

02193

ISSN 019d-347X ©

Apple SpeedScript

Ip A Powerful Word Processor omplete And lleady-To-Run Program Inside

_7(f>;

Webster Dines Out

Action Game For Youngsters

Programs For Apple, Tl, Commodore 64, VIC-20, Atari, IBM PC, PCjr

How To Buy The Right Printer Which Features Do You Really Need?

Commodore 64 Disk Editor

Examine And Change Any Disk

IBM Variable Lister

A Valuable Programmer's Toolj

Page Flipping —

On The Atari

Create Exciting Animation

Apple

Universal INPUT Making BASIC Better

06

\

7U86"02193'

N

c'

©. U A. \ IS.

KAZ/mm^

The OKIMATE COLOR

The first affordable color printers!

The new OKIMATE Persona! Color Printers are breaking through in flying colors. They're the first low cost personal printers that let you print in rainbows of dazzling colors.

Now your computer can take on new meaning. Because the OKIMATE Printers can bring the information on your screen to life. In brilliant colors. And for very little green.

Fully equipped for reading, writing and rithmetic.

The OKIMATE word processing capability delivers crisp, clean business letters, term

papers, finan- cial reports and homework. So now you can print in min- utes, instead of typing it in hours, You can even highlight words, ad- dresses, para- graphs and charts. Even underline points you want to emphasize. So you and your information really stand out. Easy to learn. Easier to use.

"Learn-to-Print" software packages come with your OKIMATE Printers to show you how to start printing. In fact, the OKIMATES come with everything you need for color printing. Including a data cable, interface board, color ribbon, black ribbon and

cal. Lightweight.

ry versatile:

draft quality and 40 cps

per inch . nch.

Or compresses

he OKIMATE 20 can deliver >, elite, italic or fir* print *■' iw»«ori«.« and under -

n single sheets, computer overhead projection.

"color screen print" program on diskette. Now you're set.

lust plug your new OKIMATE Printer into your computer with the PLUG 'N PRINT package* , And phnt. It's that easy. In minutes you'll be printing everything from financial reports to souffle recipes. Home budgets to original drawings. In rainbows of brilliant colors. Built and backed by the reliability leader.

The new OKIMATE Personal Printers are the latest example of Okidata's technolog- ical craftsmanship. Built with the same dedication to quality that has made Okidata the most respected name in com- puter printers. Special- ly designed

to be small and light- weight. Oper- ating as quiet as a whisper. And beautifully % affordable.

So grab onto OKIMATE color printing today. With the new OKIMATE Personal Color Printers.

iBt^^ftiiS-i

no'

•Special PLUG 'N PRINT packages available separately.

IS HERE!

PRINTERS have arrived.

The OKIMATE 10

The OKIMATE 20

OKIMATE offers you a colorful choice.

The OKIMATE 10.

Color that brings your computer to life.

The OKIMATE 10 Personal Color Printer prints in over 36 dazzling colors. It's com- pletely compatible with your Atari® and Commodore® personal computers. Comes with a 9 element printhead. And prints a speedy 240 words per minute. For crisp, clean letters, reports, and homework. Ail this and beautiful color for about $200, Available wherever Atari and Commodore computers are sold.

The OKIMATE 20.

The color printer that's all business.

The OKIMATE 20 Personal Color Printer is here to dazzle everyone. With the vibrant impact of over 100 sizzling colors. A 24 ele- ment printhead that delivers letter quality characters. And the ability to print 270 words a minute for reports, financial state- ments and letters. It's completely compat- ible with IBM® PC and PCjr. And for all you Apple owners, the OKIMATE 20 works wonders with the HE® the IIC® and the Macintosh® It's affordable color printing for under $268. Available at computer dealers everywhere.

Atari te a registered tfademark of Atari Inc

Commodore is a reeetered tradenrark ol Commodore Bu^ncss Machines, itic.

Apple HE, Apple IIC and Macin[osh are registered Trademarks of Appfe Computer. Inc IBM PC and IBM PCjr are registered trademarks of International B'jsmess Machines, Int.

an OKI AMERICA company Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054

Gone are the glory days for Apple. Because Europe's most successful business com- puter company is now doing business in America.

Introducing Apricot. A full line of computers specifi- cally designed for business.

Not adapted to it.

In fact, the facts speak for themselves.

Apricots are elegant and compact, true 16-bit comput- ers. They employ the MS-DOS operating system, and a mini- mum of 256K memory. One of our models, the Apricot Xi, boasts an incredible 1 Mega-

byte of memory, and features a Winchester hard disk with 20 Megabytes of storage. We also have models that feature speech recognition, full-size LCD, and icon driven menus. In addition, you have a choice between 9" or 12" b/w or 10" color monitors. All of

® 1965. Apfknt. Inc.

Preseti

Futum

which have a higher screen resolution than Apple.

And as if all that weren't enough, all of our models can be networked from the moment you take them out of the box. They're also capable of run- ning thousands of business software programs like Lotus7

pfsf and d-Base Ill.'Specially written for Apricot on 3'/2 inch disks.

Now, how do you like them Apricots?

Apricot, Inc., 3375 Scott Blvd., Santa Clara, CA 95054. Call 800-227-6703, or in California 800-632-7979.

The Apricot Portable, 512K RAM. 720K diskette. 80x25 line LCD. MS-DOS. S2495.

apricot

-A-Were changing how American business do^es business.

AMAZING DMSy

NOW! FULL SIZE, FULL FEATURE, LETTER QUALITY AT ONLY $353

If you have been searching for a letter quality printer you have probably found the flood of claims and counterclaims to be a real roadblock in your search. Not long ago we were in the same position. We tried to determine which daisy wheel printer had all the features our customers wanted, yet would not set them back a month's salao'- Recently several manufacturers have introduced machines that had features we were seaching for. After a thorough assess- ment, we eliminated one model after the other for lack of one feature or another until we only had one left,

THE RESULTS ARE IN

We found the printer which has all the features anyone could want. The winner is the Aprotek Daisy ] 120, a real heavy- duty workhorse printing al 20 characters per second. The manufacturer is Olympic Co. Ltd., a highly respected Japanese firm. FEATURES GALORE

This printer has it all. To start with, it has a front panel Pitch Selector button with indicators which allows 10, 12, 1.5 characters per inch (CPI) or Proportional Spacing. There is a Select (Online) button (with indicator) and a Line Feed button. You can also set Top- of-Form or Form Feed with the touch of the TOF button. Other front panel in- dicators include Power and Alarm.

To load a sheet of paper, simply place it in the feed slot and pull the paper bail lever. PRESTO! The paper feeds automati- cally to a I inch top margin and the car- riage aligns to the selected left margin. In this manner, each page can have iden- tical margins automatically. You can con- tinue to compute while the Daisy 1120 is

printing. The built in 2K buffer frees up your computer while printing a page or two allowing you to go to your next job. To really put your printer to work, the Cut Sheet Feeder option is great for automatic printing of those long jobs. Also available Is the adjustable Tractor Feed option. Compare our option prices! Best of all the Daisy 1120 is quiet; only 57 dB-A (compare with an average of 62-65 dB-A for others).

COMPLETE COMPATIBILITY

The Daisy 1 120 uses industry standard Diablo® compatible printwheels. Scores of typeface st>'les are available at most computer or stationary stores. You can pop in a 10, 12, 15 pitch or proportional printwheel and use paper as wide as 14". At 15 CPI you can print 16.') columns— great for spreadsheets.

The Daisy 1120 uses the Diablo Hytype 11'- standard ribbon cartridges. Again universally available.

Not only is the hardware completely compatible, the control codes recognized by the Daisy 1120 are Diablo (530® compatible (industry standard). You can take advantage of all the great features of word processing packages like Wordstar'-' , pfs; Write® , Microsoft VV'ord'-' and most others which allow you to automatically u.se superscripts, subscripts, automatic underlining, bold- face (shadow printing) and doublestrike.

The printer has a set of rear switches which allow the use of standard ASCII as well as foreign character print^vheels. Pajge length can be set to 8, 11, 12, or 15", The Daisy 1 120 can also be switch- ed to add automatic line feed if required.

THE BEST PART

When shopping for a daisy wheel printer with all these features {if you could find one), you could expect to pay $600 or $700 dollars. The options would add much more. Not now! We have done our homework. We can now offer this printer for only $353. Order yours today!

NO RISK OFFER

Try the Daisy 1120 for 2 weeks. If you are not satisfied for ANY reason we will refund the full price— promptly. A full 1-year parts and iabor warranty is included,

THE BOTTOM LINE

Aprotek Daisy 1120 (Order#1120) $353

w/standard Centronics parallel interface

and 2K buffer.

Options

Auto Cut Sheet Feeder (#1110) $188

Tractor Feed (#1112) $77

Accessories

8' Cable for IBM PC® and compatibles

(#1103) $26

Interi'ace with cable: *T:]-99IAA (#106) $66

• Apple II or lie (#1104) $76

•All Commodore (except Pet) (#1105) $44

• All Atari (#1107) $66

.Shipping is $11— tips continental VS.\. If you arc in a huny, t!PS lilue or Air PBiVfi Po.sl (.second day air) is Sa."]. C;iii;ida, Ai,i.ska. .^lt■^k■o and Hawaii are i'M) (airl. Oilier foreign is f&l (air). California rtsiik^nts add R% tiis. Prices arc c:usli prices— VISA aiid M/C add ?i% to total, VVc ship prompll.v uii m<mcy orders, cashier's checks, and chai'fic cards, Alkw M-day clearing for checks. No C.O.D.'s, Pay- ment in ILS dollars only.

TO ORDER ONLY CALL TOLL FREE

(8-8 PST)

(800) 962-5800 USA (800) 962-3800 CALIF.

Or send payment to address below: Technical Information & Customer Service: (805) 987-2454 (S-5 PST) Dealer Inquiries Invited

1985 APIiOriiK, All riahu rcwrwed. Tr,«lraiarks: Uiablo, Itylypc II, ri3l)-!iMi)x Cnip: Worditar-Micropr'? Corp.; PFS- SoMwart Piiblisliinfi Corp.; Microsoit W(jrd--^Ii;;ro5ofl C(jrp.: Appfe. It, lle-;\pp!e Conipjiter. ^nc,: IBM PC-IBM Corp.: PET. CBM.

1071 -A Avenida Acaso, Camarillo, CA 93010

June 1985 Vol. 7, No. 6

FEATURES

18 The Commodore 128: A Hands-On Report Tom R, Halfhill

30 How to Buy the Right Printer Kathy Yalcal

36 Solving Common Printer Probiems Seiby Bateman

42 Webster Dines Out Walter Bulawo

1 14 SpeedScript 3.0: All Machine Language Word Processor

for Apple Charles Brannon and Kevin Martin

GUIDE TO ARTICLES AND PROGRAMS

REVIEWS

58

58 65 66 66 67

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Neil Randall

Super-Text Arthur Leyenberger

War In Russia Neil Randall

Raid on Bungeling Bay James V, Trunzo

Sundog: Frozen Legacy James V, Trunzo

Enhancements to BASIC for Atari Tom R. Halfhill

COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS

6 The Editor's Notes ' Richard Mansfield

10 Readers' Feedback The Editors and Readers of COMPUTE!

68 The Beginner's Page Tom R. Halfhill

70 Computers and Society: Expert Systems and the

Mass Market Micro David D. Thornburg

72 On the Road with Fred D'lgnazlo; Bits, Bytes, and Black Sheep Fred D'IgnazIo

73 Telecomputing Today: Inside XMODEM Arlan R. Levitan

74 IBM Personal Computing: Escaping on a LaserJet Donald B. Trivette

75 INSIGHT: Atari— Analyzing the BASIC Bug Bill Wilkinson

76 Programming the Tl: Multiple Choice Test C. Regeno

THE JOURNAL

78 Housepolnter: Inverted Video on the Commodore 64 Jim Butterfield

82 BASIC File Editor for Commodore Henry A. Doenlen

84 Page Flipping on the Atari Clay Stuart

87 Commodore 64 Hi-Res Quick Clear Paul W. Downing

88 Unlocking IBM BASIC Programs , , Peter F. Nicholson

89 Fast Atari Circles Owen Sexsmlth

91 Apple Universal INPUT William Simpson

92 Hardcopy Sprites for Commodore 64 Thomas H. White

93 IBM Variable Lister Peter F. Nicholson

96 Apple lie RAM Disk Mover, Part 2 Christopher J, Flynn

98 Commodore Disk Editor Martin Sikes

102 Tl SuperFont Patrick Parrish

106 Apple ProDOS Variable Lister Paul F. Stuever

108 Atari Cassette Filenames Norman Lin

1 10 OOMPUTEI't Guide to Typing In Programs

1 14 Apple MLX: Machine Language Entry Program

1 27 CAPUTEI Modjftcatfons or Corrections to Previous Articles

1 28 Advertisers Index

TOLL FREE Subscription Order Une 800-334-0868 (In NC 919-275-9809}

NOTE: Saa pog* 1 1 0 betora typing In progroms.

64/VIC/AT/PC

PCjr/AP/Tl

AP

64/AT/AP/Mac/PC

PCjrAI/Kaypro

64/AT/AP/PC

AT/AP

64

AP

AT

PC/PCjr

AT

Tl

64 64/VIC

AT

64 PC/PCjr

AT

AP

64 PC/PCjr

AP

64

Tl

AP

AT

AP Apple, IMac Macintosh. AT Atari. V VIC-20, 64 Commodore 64, +4 Com- modore Plus/4, 16 Com- modore 16. PPET/CBM.n Texos Instruments, PC IBM PC, PCjr IBM PCjr, CC Radio Shack Color Computer. "General interest.

COMPUTE!^ Publicationsjnc.^

One of ttw ABC PubiliMng Companlst: ^V'

ABC PubHshIng, Pmldant, Rob«rt O. Burton

1330 Avenue o( the Americas. New Yorii. New ¥ort< 10019 Addr«M all Inqulrtet to:

P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403

COMPUTEI Tlie Journal for Progressive CompuHng (USPS: 537250) is published monthly by COMPUTE! Publications, Inc., P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403 USA. Phone: (91^ 275-9809. Editorial Offices are located at 324 West Wendover Avenue, Greensboro, NC 27408. Domestic Subscriptions: 12 issues, $24. Send subscription orders or change of address (P.O. form 3579) to COMPOTEI Magazine, P.O. Box 914, Farmingdale, NY 11737. Second class postage paid at Greensboro, NC 27403 and addidona! mailing offices. EntiiE contents copyright ©1985 b" COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. All rights reserved, ISSN 0194-357X.

EDITORS NOTES

With this issue, COMPUTE! has a new look. Several adjustments to the way we put together the magazine have been made in the past few months, and this issue implements a process which started — on the drawing boards — last year.

The personal computer market- place is maturing and currently pausing for breath after several fre- netic years in the early 1980s. Many manufacturers, and many computer magazines, have retired from the scene. There are approximately one- fifth as many hardware and' soft- ware companies today as there were a year ago.

For magazine publishers, this greatly diminished universe of ad- vertisers represents a challenge. Fewer ads necessarily mean fewer pages.

While there are dozens of pop- ular magazines like High Fidelity and Science Digest which have stabi- lized over the years at fewer pages than COMPUTE! currently prints, there are some economies which we must now effect. In a nutshell, we want to continue to bring our read- ers an equivalent amount of infor- mation in a smaller package every month.

Fortunately, there are several ways to seek painless concision. The first thing we looked at was the size of our typeface, the "point size."

COMPUTE! has always printed larger characters than is traditional for magazines of its class and audience. It may not be too easy to detect, but with this issue we have slightly re- duced the type by one point in most of the magazine (one point equals 1/72 inch). "Reviews," "Readers' Feedback," and the "News & Prod- ucts" sections have been reduced by two points. These are gentle reduc- tions and bring COMPUTEI's type in line with most other popular magazines.

However, even though there will be no decrease in readability, this change results in an average of 10 to 15 percent more information per page.

To maintain the ease with which COMPUTE! can be read, we have made additional changes to our layout. For one thing, we have gone to a primarily three-column format, replacing our previous two- column design. Program listings, too, have changed from two- to three-column format. Aside from contributing more words per page while still maintaining easy read- ability, these adjustments give our design staff greater flexibility to cre- ate layouts with more variety and eye appeal.

Finally, we have requested that our columnists write within one- or two-page limits each month. With the more economical type size and page layout, they will be able to deliver excellent information each month in less space. Ultimately, that frees the editors to increase the vari- ety and content of COMPUTE!,

In a not entirely unrelated de- velopment, Philip Nelson has ac- cepted the position of assistant editor of COMPUTE!. Philip has been on our staff as assistant technical editor for six months and has proven to be an excellent, careful editor and a fine writer as well.

We feel that these changes to COMPUTE! are both necessary and positive. These adjustments will allow us to continue to bring you the greatest number of high quality arti- cles and programs in the years to come.

&-^^

Senior Editor

6 COMPUTEI June 1965

Eclucatioiial Software That Works:

SpeU It!

Spell.

Spell expertly 1000 of the most misspelled words. Learn the spelling rules, improve with n exciting activities. Including a captivating arcade gamel Add your own spelling words.

ages 10 - adult / 2 dlsl<S; S49.95

wf^

^

Matli Blaster!

Master addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, decimals and percentages - by solving over 600 problems. Learn your math facts with a motivating activities, including a fast-action arcade game! Add your own problems.

ages 6 - 12 / 2 disks: $49.95

Word Attack!

Add 675 new words to your vocabulary -

with precise definitions and sentences demonstrating usage. Build your skills with 4 fun-filled activities, including an arcade game! Add your own words.

ages 8 - adult / 2 diskS: S49.95

J^SSSXm

Speed Header H

Increase your reading speed and Improve comprehension! Six exercises designed by reading specialists vastly Improve your reading sl<ills. Chart your own progress with 35 reading selections and comprehension quizzes. Add your own reading materials.

high school, college & adult / 2 disks; $69,95

<^^^^

^

^

>X:i

,%

The Davidson

Best Seller Tradition.

For your Apple, IBM or Commodore 64. Ask your dealer today.

Davidson.

For more Information call: In California call:

(800) 556-6141 (2131 373-9473

Davidson & Associates, Inc. 6069 croveoak Place #12 Rancho Palos verdes, CA 90274

NE A

Apple. IBM and Commodore 64 are trademarks respectivel/ ol Apple Compgters. Inc. International' Business Mschinas Corp., and Commodore Business Machines, Inc.

Publisher

Editor In Chief

DirecTor of Admlni^tmllon

Gory 1?. Ingersoil RoE>ert C, Lock Alice S Wolfe

Senior Ediror

Managing Editor

Editof

Assi slant Editor

Production Directoi

PfoducUon Editor

Editor. COMPUTEI'a GAZEHE

TechnEcoi Editor

Asslslani Tectinlcol Editors

Program Editor

Features Editor

Asslstont Editor, COMPUTEI's

GAZEnE Feolure Writer Research A^slsfont Proofommlng Supervisor Editorial Programmers

Submissions Reviewer Progromming Asslslonis Copy Editors Executive Assistant Admlnlstrotlve Asslstonts

AftoclQts Edilors

Contributing Edllor

Rvctiord hAar^sfiold

Kothfeen Mortinek

Tom R. HQlfhill

Philip Nelson

Tony fJoberta

Gail Cow per

Lonce Elko

Ottis R, Cowpof

Jofin Krause. George Mller

Chales Brannon

Selby Sotoman

Todd Heimarck

Kathy vakoi

Sharon Darilr>o

Potrck Pamsh

Tim Victor, Kevn Mykytyn,

Kevin Monfm

Mark Tuttle

Duvd Florance. Susan Doss

Joan Rouleau. Ann Dovies

Susan Young

Julie Ftoming, frls Biooks, Jan

Krefiow

Jim ButtertieW

Tofonfo, Canada

Harvey Hormon

GreensbOfo, NC

Fred D'l^nozio

Roanoke, VA

David Thoirnburg

Los Altos. CA

Bill Wdktnson

COMPimrs Book Dtviilon

Editor

Assistont Editors

Admlnlstrotlve Assistant

Artists

DtrecTor. &ook Sales &

Morketing Assistant

Stephen Levy

Gregg Ko\z&!. J- Blake Lambert

Laura MocFodden

Janice Fory. Debbie Bray

Steve Voyatzis Carol Oickerson

Production Manager

Art & Design Director

Asslslonf EcJitor. Art & Design

Mechonicol Art Supervisor

Artisl

Typesetting

illustrator

Irmo Sw/a;n

Jance Fory

Lee Noef

De Potter

Larry Sullivan

Terry Cosh. Carole Dunion

Harry BlOlr

Director of Advenising Sales Ken WDodora Assistant Advertising Monogef Bonnie Vaientjno Production Coofdinolor Potil Stokes

Administrative Assistant Katrileen Hanion

Promoiion Assisloni

Caroline Dark

Circulation Manager

Customer Service Monager Phi'iopo King

Dealer Solas Supervisor Assistants

Individual Order Supervisor Assistants

Warehouse Manager Starr

Goii Jones

[>ebl Gororth. Ltz Krusenstjema.

Rhorvdo Savage

Judy Taylor

Betty Atkins, Goyle Benbov/,

Chris Gordon. Mary Hum,

Jerv>o Nash. Chns Potty

Lormle Ardon

Harold Ayers. Steve Eiowmon,

lorry O'Connor. Dovtd Herisiey

Data Processing Manoger Assistont

Leon Stokes

Chris Cah

Vice President, Finance 8t

Planning Poul J. Megiroto

Director, finance * Plonnlng R, Steven Vetted

Accountant Robert L. Bean

Financial Analyst Karen K, Rogoiskl

Staff Dole Bronch. J:ll Pope

Coming In Future Issues

Apple SpeedScript 3.0 ProDOS Converter

Softball Statistics For Atari, Commodore 64, VIC-20, Plus/4, 16, PET, Apple, IBM PC, PCjr, TI-99/4A

Chess For IBM PC & PCjr

Commodore 64 Disk Commander

Adding TIME$ To Atari BASIC

Apple Fractals

The Last Warrior

Action Game For IBM PC,

PCjr, Commodore 64, Atari,

Apple

COMPUTei Publications, Inc. publishes:

COMPUTll's

COMPUTE! Books COMPUTE'S

Corporate otflc*:

324 Wesi We^dov&f Avenue Suite 200

GreensOoro. NC 27408 USA Mailing oddrOH: COMPUTe Post Office Box 5406 Greensboro. NC 27403 USA Tticphono: 9I9-17S-VB09

Subscription Orders

COMPUTE! Circulation Dept. P.O. Box 914 Farmingdale, NY 11737

TOLL FREE Subscription Order Line 800-334-0868

In HC 919-275-9809

COMPUTEI Subscription Rates (12 Issue Year):

us (one yr.) $2'J

(two yrs.) $45 (three yrs.) $65 Canada ond Foreign Surface Mail S30

Foreign Air Delivery $65

Advertising Sales

1. New England

Jonathan M. Just Regional Monoger 212-315-1665

2. Mid Atlantic

John Saval

Eastern Advertising

Manager

212-315-1665

Kathy Hicks

Marsha A. Gittelman

215-646-5700

Brian S. Rogers

212-674-0236

3. Southeast & Foreign

Horry Blair 919-275-9809

4. MIdwatt

Gordon Benson 312-362-1821

5. Northwest/ Mountain/Texas

Phoebe Thompson 408-354-5563

6. Southwest

Ed Winchell 213-378-8361

Director of Advertising Sales

Ken Woodard

COMPUTEI Home Office 919-275-9809.

Address all advertising materials to:

Patti W. Stokes

Advertising Production Coordinator

COMPUTEI Magazine

324 West Wendover Avenue,

Greensboro, NC 27408

Credit Manager Stall

BarTY L. Becl(

Linda Miller. Doris Hall, Anne

Ferguson. Pat Fuller, Sybil

Agee, Jane Wigos. Mcrv

WoOdeli

Purchosing Manager

Greg L Smith

The COMPUTE! subscriber list is made available to corefully screened orgonlzatlons wit/i o product or service which may be of interest to our readers. II you preler not to receive sucti mailings, please send an exact copy of your subscription label to: COt^PUTEl P O. Box ^}4. Farmingdale, t^ 1 1 737- Include o .lote indicating your preference to receive oniy your subscnption-

rtobert C. Lock, Chief Executive Officer

Gary R. Ingersoll, Prssidenf

Paul J. MegllolQ, Vice President, Flnonee and Plonning

Debl Nasti, Executive Assistant

Anita Armtleld, Assistant

Authors of manuscripts warront tniat all moteriols submitted to COMPUTEI are original materlols v^itn full ownership rights resident in sold authors. By submitting articles to COMPUTEI, outhors acknowledge that such moteriols, upon acceptance lor publication, tiecome the exclusive property of COfwtPUTEl Publicotions, Inc. No portion of this maga- zine may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Entire contents copyright © 1 985, COIirtPUTE! Publications, Inc. Rights to progroms developed and submitted by authors are explained In our author controct- Unsolicited materials not accepted for publlcotion n COfvlPUTEl will be returned If author provides a self- addressed, stamped envelope Progroms (on tape or disl<3 must occompany each submissloh . Printed listings or© op- tionol, but helpful- Articles should be furnished os typed copy (upper- and lowercase, please) with double spacing. Each page of your article should bear the title of the articte, date and nome of the author. COIvlPUTE! assumes no liabllitv for errors in articles or advertisements. Opintons expressed by authors are not necessarily those of COMPUTEI .

£«^^

PET CBM. VIC-20 and Commodore 64 ore trodemortts ol Commodore

Business tvlachines. Inc and/or Commodore Electronics Limited Apple is □ trodemark of Apple Computer Company IBM PC and PCjr are trademarks of Infen^otlonol Business Machines, Inc.

ATARI is o trodemorl: of Atori, Inc TI-99/4A i5 a tradernork or Texos instruments. Inc. Radio Shock Color Computer is a trademark of TonOy. Inc.

Catch

^^^,^^ "The Hot

Available Now!

Trivia Fever

Volume 2

and

Super

Sports

T»A

Hottest New GaiTK In Town

//

Trivia Fever is absolutely unique — it's the only software entertain- nnent package that can be enjoyed with or without a honne com- puter! When played on your home computer, Trivia Fever is a refreshing alternative to all those shoot'em up games. An elected "Master of the Game" uses the computer to randomly select sub- ject categories, handicap players, generate questions and answers, keep score automatically, and more! Instructive by its very nature. Trivia Fever can be enjoyed by up to 8 individuals or teams. And when played without a computer, Trivia Fever has all the best fea- tures of the "popular" trivia games plus more — all without the cumbersome board, cards, and little game pieces. You can play in a car, on vacation, anytime, anywhere! And Trivia Fever is by far the best Trivia game available anywhere. Here's why:

Trivia Fever offers thousands of challenging questions in 7 inter- esting categories, so there's something for everyone. Each category has questions with 3 lev- els of difficulty, which score comparable points. What's more. Trivia Fever allows players to HANDI- CAP all those so-called "trivia experts" three dif- ferent ways, giving every- one a chance to win. And players can easily control the length of play from quick thirty minute games to multi-hour party marathons!

Trivia Fever is unique, entertaining, educational, and most of all FUN. And at $39.95, Trivia Fever is destined to quickly become the best selling software entertainment package of all time. There's even a $5 rebate available to any non-computer users who return the computer diskette.

Trivia Fever can be enjoyed on the Commodore 64, IBM PC & PCjr and compatibles, Apple II series, and others. So don't delay Catch Trivia Fever at your favorite software retailer today!

For additional information call 617-444-5224, or write to:

At $39.95, Trivia Fever comes complete with Question and Answer Boole, Category Selector, and Tally Sheets to be used when played without a computer.

4PSI

P.O. Box 533 Needham, MA 02194

Trivta Fever is a trademark of Profeisioriai So^are, inc.

READERS' FEEDBACK

The Editors and Readers of COMPUTE!

If you have any cjueslions, comments, or suggestions you would like to see ad- dressed in this column, write to "Readers' Feedback," COMPUTE!, P.O. Box 5406, Greefisboro, NC 2740i. Due to the volume of mail we receive, we regret that we cannot provide personal answers to tech- nical questions.

Closing The Quality Gap

I thought letter quality was a term used to describe typewriters or daisywheel printers. Now I have seen many dot- matrix printers claiming to be letter quality. How is this possible?

Alex Cutrone

Perhaps you're reading loo much itito the term letter quality. It simply means "good enough to use in a business letter." Print- ing of this quality has traditionally been equated with daisywheel printers, which create crisp, solid images by striking an inked ribbon with little character-shaped hammers, just like a typewriter.

Dot-matrix printers use a differeyit technique, forming each character out of many tiny dots. The printhead contains several small pins which can be individ- ually fired, pressing the ribbon against the paper to make a dot. As the printhead moves across the paper, the pins are rapid- ly fired in various combinations to form different characters.

Early dot-matrix printers left notice- able gaps between the character dots, giv- ing the print a grainy appearance. As dot-matrix technology has improved, these gaps have been all but eliminated, produc- ing print of much higher quality.

One way to improve print quality is to double-strike each character. Printing a character twice in the same spot puts more ink in each dot; since the dots are darker (and a little fatter), the print looks better. Enhanced printing also double-strikes each character, but offsets the printhead very slightly (less than a dot's width) before printing the character a second time. This fills in much of the space between dots.

Most dot-matrix printers have pins thai are round in cross section. Since round

10 COMPUTE! June 1985

dots don't fit neatly together, dot-matrix characters tend to have wavy edges, even in enhanced printing modes. To give the characters crisper edges and further allevi- ate the gap problem, some manufacturers have switched to pins with a squarer cross section. However, you can obtain high qualify print from a machine that uses round pins: The Apple Imagewriter is one example.

By looking closely, you can still dis- tinguish the best dot-matrix print from so- called letter-quality print. A letter produced with a Macintosh and an Apple Imagewriter doesn't look exactly the same as one typed on an IBM Selectric. But that's not to say it doesn't look good enough for "serious" use. Some people would say that the Macintosh-generated letter looks more impressive than one done on a Selectric.

The fact is that many people are al- ready using dot-matrix printers for busi- ness correspondence. Judged by that practical standard, the better dot-matrix printers are indeed letter-quality ma- chines. If you're thinking of purchasing a printer, see "How to Buy the Right Print- er" elseiohere in this issue.

Runaway IBM Keys

My new PCjr is great except for one irritating feature. When I rest my finger on a key, the computer prints a long line of identical letters. When I press the backspace key to erase the extra letters, it repeats, too. How can I stop this re- peating feature, or at least slow it down? Peter Gliewell

You can find the answer to this and many other questions about IBM Personal Com- puters in the new book from COMPUTE! Publications, Mapping the IBM PC and PCjr by Russ Davies. Most microcomput- ers supply a repeating function for only a few editing keys such as the cursor controls or space bar. The PCjr has what IBM calls a typamatic keyboard: Nearly every key repeats when you hold it down. (The' ex- ceptions are keys such as Enter, which you would never want to repeat.)

Depending on your tastes, the typa- matic function is either a godsend or a curse. The following program slows down

or eliminates your PCjr's typamatic function:

100 PRINT "Enter a niimber to

adjust typamatic" lia PRINT " 0 - Return to n

ormal " 120 PRINT " 1 - Increase in

itial delay" 130 PRINT " 2 - Half rate o

f repeat" 140 PRINT " 3 - Both 1 and

2 above" 150 PRINT "A - Typamatic f

unction off" 160 INPUT XsIF X<0 OR X >4 GOT

0 160 170 X=Xt2:DEF SE6=0 1B0 Y=(PEEK(t<H4ae) OND (JiHFF-

tcHE) )

190 POKE icH4aa, (y or x)

200 PRINT "PCjr typamatic fun ction now adjusted"

The typamatic function uses two dif- ferent time delays. There is a short initial delay between the time you first press a key and the time it begins to repeat. After repeating begins, there is atiother slight delay between each repetition. The pro- gram lets you adjust either or both of these delays. Note that the typamatic function affects the entire keyboard: If you turn it off none of the keys — including the space bar and cursor controls — will repeat.

Commodore Disk Patterns

1 have just finished reading your article about pattern matching on the Commo- dore disk drive. In the last paragraph of the section labeled "New Patterns," you talk about loading just the disk title, its ID, and the number of blocks free from the directory. Your suggestion is to use a filename not on the disk, such as 0:#$&!%. I have found an easier way : Instead of the usual command LOAD "$",8, use LOAD "$$",8. On a disk with a large number of programs, you cannot use this twice in a row or you'll get a FILE NOT FOUND ERROR. If you load the directory normally (LOAD"$",8) after using L0AD"$$",8 you may use the latter command again.

George Sherman, Jr.

You've stumbled across a curious aspect of Commodore's disk directory system: a few words of explanation might be in order.

maxell

FUQPPYDISK

Gold

The floppy disk

that makes

Commodore

more commanding,

Apples crisper

and gives IBM PC a higher IQ.

Smart move, buying a computer. To be sure your computer doesn't under- achieve, put it on the Gold Standard. Maxell. An industry leader in error-free performance. There's a Maxell Gold Standard floppy disk for virtually every computer made. Each comes backed by a lifetime warranty. Maxell. To keep your computing at the top of the class.

maXB

maxell

ITS WORTH IT

PC iS a irademark ol IBM Corp

Maxell Corporation of America, 60 Oxford Drive, Moonachie, NJ. 07074

First: "S" is a legitimate filename. Try writing a short program and then saving it with SAVE "0:$",8. No problem; the file will save without any errors. You'll find it in the directory, but note that LOAD "$",8 brings in the directory, not the program. But you can still get the program ivith LOAD "0:S",S.

Second: You may pattern-match with- out using the drive designator, although this will give you trouble. If you load a directory with LOAD "SP"\8, you will get all files starting with the letter P. It's much better to command LOAD "$0:P*",8, which specifies the drive number. The rea- son for this is odd, and relates to the fact that the 1541 DOS (Disk Operating Sys- tem) software was developed from that found in Commodore's older 4040 dual- drive unit. Single-slot Commodore drives don't know that they are single; they sus- pect that there's a second drive around somewhere (drive 1, which doesn't exist). So if you use type LOAD "$P"',8, the disk drive will correctly get the directory from drive 0, and then try for a directory from nonexistent drive 1! It won't get it, of course, but it's left in "drive 1 mode," and the next job it gets without a drive specifi- cation will try drive 1 first.

Thus, if" you enter LOAD "$P*",8 again, the unit will go to drive 1, find no directory, and report FILE NOT FOUND. This won't happen if you command LOAD "$0:P*",8 since drive 0 is forced.

Let's put these two together. When you type LOAD "$$",8 you are really tell- ing the computer to look for a file with a name of "S". Normally, it won't exist, so you'll get only the disk header and block count; but if you saved a file with that name as suggested above, you'll see it in the directory.

Illogical Apple Logic?

In the August 1984 issue of compute!, the ANDing and ORing of numbers was explained in the Readers' Feedback sec- tion. 1 tried doing some of the examples on my Apple He but I never got the result I expected. For instance, I POKEd the number 15 into location 7, then typed POKE 7,PEEK{7) OR 240. When I checked location 7 by typing PRINT PEEK(7), the result was 1. This also hap- pened when I tried to AND a number. Why is this happening?

Michael Kurtz

On most computers, the BASIC statement PRINT 240 OR 35 gives the result 255. However, Apple (and Atari) computers have a different way of doing the logical operations AND and OR.

Instead of doing a separate AND or OR for each bit of the two numbers. Apples do only one logical operation, treating each of the numbers as a single logical value. A number whose value is zero is considered

12 C0MPUTE1 June 1985

logically false. Any other value is treated as true.

The result of an OR operation is 0 only if both of the numbers are 0, An AND operation gives a result ofl, meaning true, if neither of the numbers is 0. Apple's representation for true is also unusual. Most computers use — 1 to represent a true value, but Apple has chosen to use 1.

None of this is important in the situa- tion where logical operators are used the most, conditional statements such as:

10 IF A<B AND A<C THEN PRINT "A IS BIGGEST"

Here, the Apple behaves the same as any other computer. The difference matters only if you want to operate on individual bits of a variable or memory location.

Atari Tape Tribulation

I recently got an Assembler Editor car- tridge for my Atari 800. I tried out the example programs in the manual and followed Atari's instructions on entering source code and assembling to cassette using ASM„#C:. After replacing the As- sembler Editor cartridge with BASIC, I was not able to retrieve the machine language program with CLOAD as spec- ified. I tried several things such as ENTER#C:, but nothing worked. When I did PRINT PEEK(1536), I always got 0. Any suggestions? My temporary alter- native is to convert the hexadecimal ob- ject code from the ML program into decimal DATA statements using a BASIC program.

Doug Wilson

The manual is incorrect. You cannot use CLOAD, ENTER, or any simple Atari BASIC command to read machine language from tape. Your alternative is actually the best way to include short machine lan- guage routines in a BASIC program. How- ever, there is a way to read machine language object files produced by the As- sembler Editor. Unfortunately, when as- sembling to cassette the tape keeps going during the first pass of the assembly, creat- ing an excessively long leader tone. This makes the tape quite difficult to read.

Instead of assembling directly to tape, assemble to memory and use the command SAVE #C:<start,end {where start and end correspond to the hexadecijnal start- ing and ending addresses of your program). This will save the object code from memory to cassette. In BASIC, you can use this program to read and POKE the tape pro- gram into memory:

100 OPEN #1 ,4, 0, "C: " 110 GET #1 ,fl: GET «1 , A 120 TRAP 140!GET #l,A!eET #I,B:BES=A+256»B:GET #l,fl!SET #l,BsFIN=A+

256tB 130 FDR I=BEG TG FINsBET

#1 , A! POKE I , A: NEXT I !

GOTO 120 140 CLOSE «1:TRAP 40000

This program will also load a disk object file if you change the device specifi- cation in line 100 and add the appropriate filename. Beware of loading ML programs that would overwrite the BASIC program.

1540 Disk Drives With A 64

1 had a VIC-20 with a 1540 disk drive. Recently 1 decided to buy the Commo- dore 64. This leaves me with a big prob- lem, which I hope you can help me with. Will the 1540 work with the 64? So far I haven't been able to get it to work.

Dave Lester The best long-term solution is to see if your dealer can get you an upgrade ROM chip that will convert your 1540 to a 1541.

In the meantime, you should be able to save to disk without trouble. To load, you can use a trick to establish communications:

Instead of typing LOAD "file- name",8 to bring a program into the 64, type POKE 53265,43: LOAD "file- name",8. The screen will go blank, but the file should load correctly. When everything stops, type POKE 53265,27 (you'll have to do this without being able to see what you're typing) and the screen will return to normal.

The problem arises because the 64 is not able to transfer data to and from the drive as fast as the VIC-20 can. The 64 is slower because more time is required to maintain its 1000-character video display, as opposed to the VlC's 506-character dis- play. When its screen is blank, the 64 operates at the same speed as the VIC-20, and loading can proceed without timing difficulties.

Garbage Collection And Backups

I have seen several references to "gar- bage collection" in connection with the operation of the Commodore 64, but I have not seen the same term used in connection with operation of the Apple, Atari, or IBM computers. Is the garbage collection routine peculiar to the Com- modore, or does it exist on these ma- chines as well?

1 have also seen several programs advertised for the 64 which claim to allow you to copy an entire disk. This command exists in DOS on the IBM and Atari machines. Do these programs have some other purpose? Similarly, some of the software for the 64 says it will allow you to copy files from one disk to anoth- er. Does this command also not reside in DOS on the 64?

Pat O'NeU

The mysterious-looking term garbage col- lection has to do with strings. Strings are tricky for a computer to handle. The com- puter must set aside enough room in mem- ory for all the strings declared in a program. The length of a string can change

setpfi

Mix and match the hard- ware peripherals of your preference. Increase your programming power with easier-to-use disk commands and machine language. All with one plug-in module.

• lets you use almost any combinalion of Commodore-compatible floppy or hord disk drives and Centronics-type parallel printers

• all interfoce functions and device allocations are set by switches on the BusCard II module; errors due to software incom- patibility are eliminated

• includes BASIC 4.0, the same powerful language used in Commodore's top- of-the-line business com- puters, plus a machine language monitor

Double your screen capacity when using your favourite Batteries Included software programs. B.!.-80 turns your 40-column screen into a crystal-clear, high-visibility 80-column display. Works with PaperCiip word- processor and The Consul- tant database manager- maximum readability and minimum eye-slrain, even with a screen full of characters. It's the fast, easy, plug-in way to get twice the amount of data onto your monitor screen. And B.I.-80 olso gives you the easier-to- use disk commands, with BASIC 4.0 longuage built right into the module.

• fully self-initializing, no commands to enter; just plug B.I.-80 into the car- tridge slot and you're ready to run

• switch back and forth

between 80 and 40 col- umn display at any time completely eliminates snow, fuzziness, hashing and interference easy-to-install module incorporates highest quality hardware com- ponents throughout; one- year manufacturer's war- ranty is standard comes complete with 80- cotumn operating system and comprehensive documentation, including full description of BASIC 4.0 commands use with Commodore 1701 and 1702 color monitors, or any monochrome video monitor

NEW! 4

•B.I.-80 Column Adaptor coming soon for Atari XL computers)

Use the printer of your choice with your Com- modore computer— just plug in this compact module, and you're instontiy compatible! Take advantage of today's high-speed, high-qoality printers with the B.I. Printer Interface.

• works with any Centronics-type parallel printer, which includes almost all major printers on the market

• completely self-contained and ready to run; no extras to boy, no hard- ware or software modifi- cations to printer or computer ore required oil print functions are con- trolled by switches on the module; just set them once, and never worry about it ogain

USE THESE TOOLS WITH P^perCHp, nm..nisuli;uii, AND OTHER HARD-WORKING, HIGH-QUAUTY SOFTWARE PROGRAMS FROM BAHERIES INCUJDID

186 Queen Si. V/esI Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5V IZl f416;596-M0S

"The Energized Sbftwaf^'Company!''

WRITE FOR A FULL COLOR BftOCHURE '" !984 Batteries Included- All Rights Resorvod- Commodore 6i bnd Atari ore registered trademarks respectively of Commodore Business Moctiinej, Inc. ond Atori, inc

U875 Sky Park North, Suite P

Irvine, California

USA 92714

How to mid xrnmmxcWs.

Everyone has to pay their bills, aiid nobody likes to do it.

You can keep file folders dill of bills, clrawere stuffed with gi'oceiy receipts, envelopes brimming with cancelled checks, and at the end of the month, it still takes hours to figure out just where your money has gone. Not to mention how long it takes to straight- en things out at the end of the year.

Well after years of financial consulting, iVe discovered a way to a\'oi(i paying \'our bills: let an A]}ple" II Personal Computer pa\^ them for \'ou.

There are several advantiiges to letting an Apple handle \'our finances.

It will save you time.

It will organize eventhing.

Itwill tell you, at a glance,

"The other day a prominent politician in the executive branch of our government phoned me up.

'Alan', he said to me, 'the budget is a mess!

'No joke! I said.

'Not that budget! the prominent politician continued. 'My budget. My checkings overdraw-n. They're threatening to disconnect my phones. I even \Xith software programs like The Home Accountant"

exactly what is going on with your money

It will pay your bills, and never send \'0u any And no\y I'd like to turn the page over to those nice people at Apple, who will explain, in their owti excRiciating detail, just what Im talking about!'

The A|}ple II and the Home Budget.

got into a shouting match with my wife when I tried to lay off the servants!

'Civil?'

'Not ver)^ And I think I'm about to be audited. What w^ould I show them? Vi[Q keeps receipts for emb^iss)^ parties?'

At this point, we were discon- nected. And although it wiis too late to teach proper money management to this prominent politician, there is a lesson all of us can learn from his misfortune.

iiiyimr too- mlh sofamn'jmigritms Ilk' Ddlurs & Se/ise. 77*' Hmm Aramlim!. mul Tax I'nfvin'r.

and Dollars & Sense!" the A{iple II makes it e;isy to set up household books. First, it will ask you some questions about your home finances. Like how much mone)' you bring in each month, how^ much rent you pay, and wiiether you owe money to credit card companies, mortgage holder, or any other suriy charactei's. Then, it will jisk you to enter some of the bills you receive each month whose prices may vaiy:

phone, utilities, and the like. Then, it will ask you where you keep your money and for the numbei's of your various checking and savings accounts.

That's really all tliere is to it. After that, an Apple n can automatically write checks for all your fixed expenses each month. It will also tell )'ou

iiiiiiiiil

77if is aifAppienKXiem: 7H

stocks hvltlxmi: l! dLw immfctf wur^ppk II tn a utsillh n/iiifernuiliim .vnices. like THE

SOi'KC'l:'^ atiil CompiAm''

using an Apple modem, you'll gain instant access to financial news sources like TheWall Street Journal, what other bills you can be expecting, and when you Barrom, and the Dow Jones News/Retrieval* service, enter their costs,Vn Apple 11 will pay them, too. Find out what they've been saying on Wall $treet

An Apple II will see to it that your checkbooks Week. And in most cases, get up to the minute price

VourScrib^ color/ ^pbics printer, mi am imlomaticalfy priitl oalymram checks— lint III meiitmi! n^mrk fxifiers. alnwst mtythiiiji. FAiefil muiiiy.

remain balanced, and that you'll know when your expenses are about to exceed your income. It can even help you plan to buy a new car. Or a home. Or a fur-lined boat, if your budget permits.

How to avoid your banker.

After the Ajiple II writes

your checks, it can call

your bank with the help

ofyour telephone and

an Apple modem. And

faster than a teller can

say "Next window, please" you can find out all your balances, enter de- posits, see what checks have cleared, transfer money fi-om one account to another, and even pay off some ofyour credit cm'ds and other bills electroni- cally—without ever witing a check.

So the only time you'll have to go to the bank is when vou want to visit with your money personally

'lyri ■ 1 1 ltcantim!Uig,e)'aireiUireslockp(Mp!iouitl}pmffranisiikslMrJoiimlm'estmsWori!!Jx>[>' aijdCkvk^ .v- ». «. 11 1 *.

WniCn, Wnen MiiiOimpimy'sVieFujmltiT'lUwieiaiJMrmniMs going m in )mr bank m-omit' iningS tOtally UUrClat-

done in moderation, we can recommend most highlv ed to taxes or this ad. So there's no telling how far

TTieAppleUandmakingmoney ^ "^ftr^ nabou.cow.it. And what if,

An Apple II can do wondrous things for your person- after all of this, you still have some money left over? al finances. With several different software programs, Congratulations. You're doing a lot better than

you can become your own stockbroker Again, by the government."

quotes on over six thousand stocks, options, and other securities.

An Apple II lets you buy and sell securities right in vour home or ofiice, at the moment vou want to make the trade. It automatically updates your port- folio and gives you detailed holding reports. It even produces charts and gi'aphs, so you can quickly see how you and your investments are doing.

A little tax relief.

If you become perturbed everytime the subject of doing taxes comes up, an i^ple II can do them for )'ou with programs like Forecast™ and Tax Pi'eparer™

It can store your records, plan for the next year, and caladate your taxes.

You'll be alerted to pa\Tnente you've made over the year that may be tax-deductible. It even keeps year-round records, automatically updating totals and making corrections for you. It will even print

out completed tax forms that the I.RS. will accept.

.^nd it can do about 10,000 other

Aiitie to Dr. Greeii^ms relalitm: He .vm ' Don tget exdlftl. Vk: isitl my real hank account: '© 1985. ^iple Cnmptilir Inc. .^kwul Ihe.-^iplc hip iire Kgistmcl trademark ofAmk Compuler. Inc.

Wli^iK.-^cmmkmttsalriidmarknJCw,lmwUilS(fiiiiirt.Mkns&SeiiseamtFo

oJIMJimisaiulQmijkm. Inc. Tax PifjuiKr n a Iriidmuirk oj Uouiml Sn/ltmre Smias. Sailie is a regiUm-d tnuimuirk licaksat tn .■ippk Cuniputix Inc THE S'OlTfCE is a smm imtrkofSoum

Telecomputing Corpomtion. a siili^iun n/llx Rentier. •: Digtst .i<socicilioii. Inc CnrnpaSenv « a Iradetiuirk ufCompuSen^ Owpomtion. an H€-R Bloci Company Vie Eqiiallzer am! Etjtuttizer are

tniilmmrks nf Charles Schiiah c- Conipmiy. Inc. Spatmm is a reektemi senice mark oftJx Oxise sMaiibaltan Qnpomtion. For an aulhonzed Apple dealer near wit call (800) 538-9696.

In amada. call (800) 268-7796 or (800) 268-7637.

as a program runs, causing memory alloca- tion problems. Some BASICs, such as Atari BASIC, tackle this problem by making you DIMension every string before using it for the first time. This sets the maximum length of the string. Atari strings always end up at a single spot in memory after the program starts, and do not move.

Microsoft BASIC uses a different trick. When a string is created, the actual string is stored at the top of BASIC memory. The string's name, ler^gth, and a pointer to the address of the string are stored after your program in memory. If you change the string, the new string is copied to the current top of memory (below any other strings) and the pointer is changed. Sooner or later, the strings fill all memory from the top until they collide with variables, ar- rays, or the end of your program.

This is where garbage collection steps in. A garbage collection routi)ie in BASIC looks at each string, finds the string data, and repacks each string back to the top of memory, discarding unused strings along the way. This can take a while. It's difficult to predict just when garbage collection will occur, and when it does, the machine ap- pears to lock up (in some cases, for more than 20 minutes).

Garbage collection is also a problem on the Apple and IBM machines (and on most Microsoft BASICs), but you can re- strict the size of string space on the IBM. This forces garbage collection to occur

Software That Works For Generations

6 Types of Charts and Sheets

Indices

User Fields

Notes, Footnotes and Sources

No Limits

Adapts to Your Hardware

Comprehensive

Easy to Use

And Much, Much More

Send for brochure and sample prinlOulS-

Family Roots includes detailed manual and 2 full diskettes

of programs for your Apple 11. IBM PC,

Commodore 64 and CP/M '

Other genealogy software also available.

Price S 1S5. Satisfaction Guaranteed.

American Express, Visa & Mastercard Accepted

' Trademarks for Apple Computet, Inc., InterTiAliorMl

#

Family Roots

Business Machines, CBM.lnc,6 Digital Research,

QUINSEPT, INC.

P.O. Box 216, Lexington, MA 02173 (617) 641-2930 16 COMPUTEI June 1965

more frequently, and since the size of the string buffer is small, garbage collection never takes very long. If an IBM program uses a lot of strings, it is sometimes neces- sary to expand the size of the string area, with the resulting garbage collection problem.

Your question about Disk Operating Systems (DOS) points out some differences between the way a Commodore computer implements DOS and the method used by almost every other computer. Most com- puters use a RAM-resident DOS to control the disk drive, but Commodore's DOS is in ROM within the drive itself While this saves user memory, it creates some prob- lems. The 64 and the 1541 drive are like separate computers, and must communi- cate over a slow serial bus. Commands are sent to the drive to scratch, rename, for- mat, etc. There is a built-in copy command, but it can only copy a file to the same disk. The drive has no way to directly communi- cate with another disk drive, so the com- puter must act as a go-between.

The programs you mention let you copy files or disks by reading the disk into computer memory, then copying from memory to another disk. Since Commodore DOS is in the disk drive, there are no built- in programs in the 64 to perform transfers between disks — hence the need for the pro- grams you mention. Many disk duplicators also try to defeat copy-protection schemes, since it's otherwise impossible to back up commercial software.

IBM Hidden Flies

I have an IBM PC/XT with one floppy disk and a 10-megabyte hard disk. When I ran CHKDSK on both drives, the computer said I had two hidden files taking up about 22K. What are hidden files, and are they accessible?

Dennis Heckman

When you power up an IBM personal com- puter, it performs a complex series of housekeeping operations before turning the system over to you. This process usually involves loading two hidden, read-only system files named IBMBIO- .COM and IBMD0S.COM from disk. These are machine language programs which the system needs to operate correctly.

IBMBI0.COM is an extension of the PC's operating system — called BIOS for Basic Input/Output System— most of which is permanently stored in ROM (Read-Only Memory). The IBMBI0.COM program loads and executes when the sys- tem boots up, to initialize input/output devices and perform other system tasks. This IS done to correct errors (and there are some) permane?rtly "wired into" the ROM BIOS, and to allow for new devices such as the PCjr's cartridges. IBMB10.COM is about 3.5K in length.

The PC's DOS (Disk Operating Sys- tem) is a separate program, roughly 19K

long, for manipulating disk data. Since none of DOS is stored in ROM, it's also necessary to load the IBMD0S.COM pro- gram from disk and install it in memory when the system boots up. After initializ- ing the system for BIOS, IBMBI0.COM moves IBMDOS.COM into the correct memory area and transfers control to DOS, which in turn does its own initialization before turning the system over to the user.

Files ending in .COM are system files (distinguished from user files which you can alter at will). Since IBMBI0.COM and IBMD0S.COM are critical to normal oper- ation, they're made invisible to user com- mands such as DIR (disk DIRectory). Out of sight, out of mind— if you don't knoiv a file exists, you'll be less likely to erase it. Both files are further protected by making them read-only: If you can't write to a file, you're less likely to corrupt it by accident.

It is possible to access system files. After each filename in the disk directory is a file attribute byte which defines the file type. Using the DEBUG program described in your DOS manual, you can read the disk directory, change a file's attribute byte to remove its protective attributes, and write the modified sector back to the disk. How- ever, few users would have any reason to rewrite a system file, and the risk of inad- vertent error is enormous. At best, the error might crash the system; at worst, you might lose an entire disk of data. If you want to try modifying a system file, prac- tice on a disk that doesn't contain any important data. You can find a detailed discussion of system files and the boot process in Chapter 1 of COMPUTEI's Mapping the IBM PC and PCjr by Russ Davies.

Commodore Monitors

What is the difference between a Com- modore 1701 and 1702 monitor?

Andy Nagai

There is no appreciable difference between these monitors. The 1701 model changed to 1702 when Commodore began using a dif- ferent picture tube supplier in late 1983. Cosmetically, it's nearly impossible to tell the two apart. They're virtually identical in appearance, and the electrical connec- tions appear to be the same in both models. We have a number of both models here at COMPUTE!, and we've noticed that the reso- lution appears slightly sharper on the 1702s, but this is only because they're newer than the 1701s. (The color on a monitor gradually fades after prolonged use.)

Commodore also makes the 141 Color Monitor, essentially a 1702 with a charcoal gray color designed to match the Flus/4 and Commodore 16. It's compatible with the VIC-20 and 64. Commodore's newest monitor entries are the 1901 Monochrome Monitor and the 1902 RGBI /Composite Monitor. Each was announced at the Win- ter CES in support of the Commodore 128,

Get the jump on the weather- man by accurately forecasting the local weather yourself!

A scientifically proven way to develop an awesome memory.

Vou are trapped in u five- story, 125-room structure made entirely of ice. Fi nd the exit before you freeze!

Ta ke control of your personal finances in less than one hour a month.

Tjt

The beaut iliil pniu t-^s is held captive liy dc^nily draKnns, Only a knight in shining armor can save her now!

Cul your energi,' co.sts by moni- toring your phone, electric and gas bills.

Computerize car maintenance 10 improve auto performance, economy and resale value.

Create multi-colored bar graphs with a surprisingly small atnount of memory.

1ft t ''^ '1 <<130 aBQQQBa II

C E

V

■p

-~ ^ ^

A time-sBvinj; organizer for coupons, receipts and more.

Sehool-aKO and prc-school children are rewarded for right a nswers. corrected on the! r wrong ones.

A real hrainflexer. Deflect random halls into targets on a constantly changing playfield.

A fun way KKiramiilicidly increase typing speed and accuracy.

Get up to 30 new programs and games

for less than 15 cents each —

every month in COMPUTE!

Every month, COMPUTE! readers enjoy up to 30 brand-new, ready-to-run computer pro- grams, even arcade-quality games.

And when you subscribe to COMPUTE!, you'll get them all for less than 15 cents each!

You'll find programs to help you conserve time, energy and money. Programs like Cash Flow Manager, Retirement Planner, Coupon Filer, Dynamic Bookkeeping.

You'll enjoy games like Air Defense, Boggier, Slalom, and High Speed Mazer.

Your children will find learning fast and fun with First Math, Guess That Animal, and Mystery Spell.

Looking for a challenge? You can write your own games. Customize BASIC programs. Even make beautiful computer music and pictures.

It's all in COMPUTE!. All ready to type in and run on your Atari, Apple, Commodore, PET/CBM, TI-99/4A, Radio Shack Color Computer, IBM PC or IBM PCjr.

What's more, you get information-packed articles, product reviews, ideas and advice that add power and excitement to all your home computing.

And when it's time to shop for peripherals or hardware, check COMPUTE! first. Our product evaluations can save you money and costly mistakes. We'll even help you decide what to buy: Dot-matrix or daisy-wheel printer? Tape storage or disk drive? What about modems? Memory expansion kits? What's new in joysticks, paddles and track balls?

Order now! Mail the postpaid card attached to this ad and start receiving every issue of COMPUTE!.

For Faster

Service

Call Toll-Free

1-800-334-0868

COMPUTEI P.O. Box 914, Farmingdale. NY 11737

Tlie Commodore 128: A Hands-On Report

Tom Q Haifhill. Editor

Commodore's new three-in-one machine, the Commodore 128 Personal Computer, should be hitting store shelves in June. In mid-March, COMPUTE! visited Commodore's U.S. headquarters in West Chester, Pennsylvania to more closely examine the 128, which was announced at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show in January (see "The Next Generation: New Computers at the Winter CES," April 1985). Although a few specifications were not final- ized, we found the 128 to be a versatile machine with one of the most power- ful BASIC programming languages ever offered in a microcomputer. Here's our report. ^^ ^^p a .js^

16 COMPUTEI June 1985

">

One of the most imitated trends in persona! computing lately has been "integrated software" — prod- ucts that are actually three or more pro- grams in one, like Lotus 1-2-3.

Now Commodore is introducing a fresh twist — integrated hardware. With the Commodore 128 Personal Computer, es- sentially Commodore is wrapping up three computers in one box to sell for under $300 retail. The deceptively small package contains:

1. A standard Commodore 64 with 64K of Random Access Memory (RAM) capable of running virtually all existing 64 soft- ware— estimated at 6,000 to 10,000 pro- grams, mostly home and educational.

2. An enhanced Commodore 64 with

128K of RAM and an extremely powerful new BASIC that almost makes PEEK and POKE obsolete.

3. A Z80-based 128K computer de- signed to run existing software written for the CP/M (Control Program for Microcom- puters) operating system — at least 10,000 programs, mostly business/professional.

Expandable to 512K with a RAM disk option, the Commodore 128 also works with all Commodore 64 peripherals as well as a new line of accessories, such as the much faster 1571 disk drive. Rounding out the package are such features as 80-column video in the 128K and CP/M modes, RGB (red-green -blue) high-resolution video out- put, and all the same ports and interfaces found on the Commodore 64,

June 1985 COMPUTE! 1 9

Before the Commodore 128 was announced at the Winter CES, rumors indicated it would sim- ply be an expanded Commodore 64. Even after it was unveiled, some people described it as a CP/M com- puter with a Commodore 64 emula- tion mode.

But the Commodore 128 truly is the near-equivalent of three com- puters in a single box. Outside, all three computers share the same sleek plastic case and 92-key key- board. Inside, they share the same RAM chips and power supply, but that's about all. The 128 actually contains three separate central pro- cessing units (CPUs), two separate BASICS, two independent video dis- play chips, separate banks of Read Only Memory (ROM), and even dif- ferent memory maps, depending on which mode is selected. What's more, the machine can be operated in five distinct modes: Commodore 64 mode, 128 mode with 40-column video and graphics, 128 mode with text-only 80-column video, CP/M mode with 80-column video, and CP/M mode with 40-column video.

CPU chips include the 6510 for 64 mode and the 8502 for 128 mode — both 6502-compatible — and the Z80A for CP/M mode. Vid- eo chips include the VIC-II for 64 mode and 40-column 128 mode, plus an 80-column chip for 80-col- umn 128 mode and CP/M mode. A synthesizer chip — the Sound Inter- face Device (SID) — is shared by all three microprocessors. Program- ming languages include BASIC 2.0 in 64 mode and BASIC 7.0 in 128 mode, and a machine language monitor is available in 128 mode and CP/M mode.

Does all this sound confusing? Don't feel bad — it is. Even when using the Commodore 128, you can sometimes forget which mode the computer is in. This is especially true of the 64 mode and 40-column 128 mode, which appear virtually identical on screen.

Furthermore, some modes let you switch to other modes, but not back again without restarting the machine. And speaking of cold- starts, the Commodore 128 can be switched on in any of its five modes, depending on its state at power-up. When you hit the power switch, the computer first checks to see if a CP/M system disk is inserted in the

20 COMPUTEI June 1985

drive. If so, it defaults to 40- or 80- column CP/M mode (usually 80 columns). Otherwise, it checks the cartridge slot for a Commodore 64 cartridge program. If it finds one, it automatically switches to 64 mode and runs the cartridge. If there's no 64 cartridge, the computer checks for a 128 cartridge. If it finds one, it comes up in 128 mode (either 40 or 80 columns) and runs the 128 car- tridge. If no 128 cartridge is plugged in, the computer checks to see if its 40/80 DISPLAY key is pressed. If so, it starts up in 80-column 128 mode. Otherwise, it switches to 40- column 128 mode.

With so many options, operat- ing the Commodore 128 will take some getting used to.

One of the biggest questions about the Commodore 128 is its degree of Commodore 64 compatibility. Stung by criticism and slow sales because of the Plus/4's lack of 64 compatibility. Commodore went to great lengths to make sure the 128 would run all existing 64 software. In fact, Com- modore claims the 128 is 100 per- cent 64 compatible.

Our tests showed the 128 had no trouble with a wide range of Commodore 64 programs written in BASIC and machine language. We ran a number of programs published in recent issues of compute! and COMPUTEl's GAZETTE, including SpeedScript 3.0. Only one program failed: "TurboDisk" (COMPUTE!, April 1985). TurboDisk, a machine language utility which speeds up disk loading by as much as 300 per- cent, ran fine on a 128 hooked up to a 1541 disk drive, but would not work on a 128 connected to the new 1571 disk drive. We weren't particu- larly surprised, because TurboDisk works by reprogramming the load routines both inside the computer and in the drive. Any drive that isn't completely 1541-compatible cannot handle TurboDisk.

Since the 1571 is designed to be much faster than the 1541, it may seem that utilities such as Turbo- Disk are superfluous anyway. How- ever, keep in mind that the 1571, like the Commodore 128, is a multi- mode device. When the 128 is oper- ating in 64 mode, the 1571 drive behaves just like a 1541 — it stores

170K of data per disk and runs fairly slow. When the computer is switched to 128 mode, the 1571 speeds up about 500 percent- and becomes a double-sided drive, stor- ing about 360K per disk. And when the computer is in CP/M mode, the 1571 runs about 12 times faster than a 1541 and stores 410K on a floppy.

In CP/M mode, the 1571 also is supposed to read disks in IBM Sys- tem 34 format, such as those made for Osborne and Kaypro CP/M computers. However, the 1571 drive we tested would not load our Os- borne disk. A Commodore repre- sentative told us the 1571 we were using was still a prototype, and that final production models definitely would read CP/M disks. He also said that production 1571s would be fully 1541 compatible, so that pro- grams like TurboDisk should work too.

If the final 1571s are not com- pletely 1541 compatible. Commo- dore will run into trouble on another front — commercial copy protection. Some copy-protection schemes de- pend on precise timing and certain routines within the 1541 disk drive ROMs. If much is changed, the disks won't load. Before acquiring a Com- modore 128 and 1571 drive to run 64 software, it would be a good idea to try loading some commercial disks first to make sure they work.

The best news about the Commo- dore 128 is BASIC 7,0, the pow- erful BASIC interpreter available in 128K mode. It is, per- haps, the most powerful BASIC ever offered in a personal computer — more complete than even IBM BASIC and MSX BASIC. It contains all the commands in Commodore 64 BASIC 2.0, all the disk and file com- mands of BASIC 4.0 (as found on the Commodore 8032 and Super- PET), and nearly all the graphics and sound commands of the Super Expander 64 cartridge, Simon's BASIC, and the Plus/4's BASIC 3.5. BASIC 7.0 makes it possible to draw graphics, define and move sprites, create sound effects, and play music without PEEKs, POKEs, or machine language. Sprite move- ment is implemented during a ma- chine-level interrupt, so a few BASIC statements can keep up to eight sprites moving simultaneously

<l>ll':'.M^ ,

bsaii

$^

^ By THE\tAR 2000,THE WORLD MAY GirCH UP WITH THE WAY

COMPUSERVE'S Electronic Mall LetsYou Shop TODAY.

Presenting the computer shopping service that delivers discount prices, name-brand merchandise, and in-depth product information.

To make your computer even more useful, join CompuServe and shop in our Electronic Mall. Easy enough for beginners, it's open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. And it offers a wide range of goods and services from nationally knovm stores and businesses including Bloomingdaie's, Waldenbooks, American Express and Commodore.

CompuServe's Electronic Mall™ lets you shop at your convenience in all these departments:

The Auto Shop, Book Bazaar, Finan- cial Mart, Leisure Center, Merchandise

Mart, Newsstand, On-line Connection, Per- sonal Computer Store, Record Emporium, Specialty Boutique and Travel Agency.

Take the CompoServe Electronic Mall 15-Minute Comparison Test.

What you can do in 15 minutes shopping the Electronic Mall way.

• Access descriptions of the latest in computer printers, for instance.

• Pick one and enter the order command.

• Check complete descriptions of places to stay on your next vacation.

• Pick several and request travel brochures.

• Access a department store catalog and pick out a wine rack, tools, toys. ..anything!

• Place your order.

Wiatyou can do in 15 minutes shop- ping the old way.

• Round up the family and get in the car.

The Electronic Mall — A Valuable Addition to the Vast World of CompuServe.

CompuServe Information Services bring you information, entertainment, personal communications and more.

You can access CompuServe with almost any computer and modem, terminal or communicating word processor.

To buy a CompuServe Subscription Kit, see your nearest computer dealer. To receive our informative brochure, or to order direct, call or write:

CompuServe

Inlormation Services, P.O. Box 20212,

5000 Arlinglon Centre Blvd., Columbus, OH 43220

800-848-8199

in Ohio call 614-457-0802

The EJectronk: Mall*" is a service of CompuServe Inc. and L M. EtenyA Company.

An H & R Block Company

while the program performs other tasks — or even stops. To make it easier to define sprites, you can grab any predrawn shape off the screen and store it as sprite data, or design the sprite bit by bit with a built-in sprite editor. Playing music with the SID chip has always been tedious because of the large number of POKES required, so BASIC 7.0 has ten predefined musical instrument sounds available with a single command.

Because BASIC 7.0 is so exten- sive, we can't explain every com- mand in detail, but we can cover some highlights. Remember that some specifications or syntax rules may have changed by the time the Commodore 128 entered final production.

The disk and file commands in- clude DLOAD and DSAVE (for loading and saving to disk without adding ,8 to the filename); DVERIFY (compare a disk file with a file in memory); CATALOG and DIREC- TORY (for displaying disk directo- ries without erasing a BASIC program in memory); COPY (dupli- cate a file using dual drives); BACK- UP (copy an entire disk with dual drives); APPEND (open a sequential file for updating); COLLECT (reor- ganize the Block Allocation Map); CONCAT (combine two disk files); HEADER (format a disk); RENAME (assign a new filename to an existing file); SCRATCH (delete a file); DO- PEN and DCLOSE (open or close a disk file); DCLEAR (close all disk channels); RECORD (for positioning the relative file pointer); DS and DS$ (read the error channel); BLOAD (load a binary machine lan- guage file); BSAVE (save a block of memory as a binary file); and BOOT (load and run a machine language file).

Note that none of these com- mands adds new capabilities not available with a Commodore 64 and 1541 drive; they merely simplify the syntax. For example, COLLECT is equivalent to OPEN 15,8,15, "V0";CLO5E 15. The commands can also be abbreviated, as in D- SHIFT-L for DLOAD or even SHIFT- RUN/STOP to automatically load and run. In addition, the special function keys are preprogrammed to execute certain frequently used commands, such as DIRECTORY.

Sprite commands not only re- place the old-fashioned POKEs, but also offer more op- tions. And the demo programs we saw proved that BASIC 7.0 can move sprites fast enough for good- quality games without machine language.

SPRDEF

Entered in direct mode, this com- mand activates the built-in sprite editor. An editing window appears on screen, and you're prompted to select sprite 1 through 8. A number of subcommands let you clear all the sprite data, move a crosshair, turn pixels on and off, and change colors for multicolor sprites. When you're done designing the sprite, you reen- ter BASIC by pressing SHIFT- RETURN, then RETURN again. BASIC 7.0 does not require you to

set aside memory for sprite data; instead, it reserves a 512-byte block (for eight 64-byte sprites) beginning at location 3584 ($E00 hex).

SPRITE M:, on /off, foreground, priority,X,Y,mode

Sets up various sprite attributes, in- cluding sprite color, foreground/ background priorities, initial X and Y position, and single color/ multicolor.

SFRCOLOR

Defines the multicolor registers shared by all sprites.

SPRSAV sprite^, string SPRSAV string,sprite# Moves sprite definition data into a string or vice versa. For example, you can define a sprite by first draw- ing a shape on the screen with vari- ous graphics commands, then copy the shape into a string with the

SSHAPE command, and finally move the string into the sprite data block with SPRSAV. You could also copy the sprite pattern directly to the screen with SPRSAV and GSHAPE.

MOVSPR sprite#,X,Y

Moves a sprite to the horizontal and vertical screen coordinates specified by X,y. This is called absolute move- ment and is like the POKEs used to move sprites to screen positions on the Commodore 64.

MOVSPR sprite#,+/-X, + /~Y Moves a sprite plus or minus the number of screen coordinates speci- fied by X,y. This is called relative movement and is useful when you don't know the sprite's current posi- tion. For example, you could move sprite 5 seven positions to the left and ten positions down with MOVSPR 5,-7, + 10.

MOVSPR sprite #, angle #speed Moves a sprite continuously in a certain direction at a specified speed via a machine level interrupt, even when the BASIC program is execut- ing other lines or is stopped. When the sprite disappears off the screen, it wraps around and reappears at the opposite end of the screen. This command is useful when you want to send a sprite flying on a predeter- mined course and speed while your program does other things. For in- stance, with this command you could quite easily animate the rocks in an Asteroids-type game while your program takes care of checking the joystick and moving the player's ship. The angle parameter specifies the direction in degrees (0 = up), and #speed the velocity. To move sprite 1 continuously along a hori- zontal path from left to right, you would type MOVSPR 1,90 #5. To move it vertically from top to bot- tom a little faster, you would type MOVSPR 1,180 #5. Of course, the sprite must be positioned some- where on the visible screen to begin with,

COLLISION type,Une#

Detects sprite collisions and diverts the program to a subroutine starting at the line specified by line#. The type parameter lets you detect different kinds of collisions. Exam- ples: COLLISION 0,1000 passes control to a subroutine at line 1000 when two sprites collide. (The sub- routine must end with a RETURN.)

22 COMPUTEI June 1985

■SsS

?£^5!

gfe^j?:?

■■■--r''

Ji}.E?*l^

^^^■^

iM

SMl

\A/n"I-l NIGHT AAISSIOIM

JTTTTTlTi^

You deserve the best. You've earned it. Now reward yourself with a session of Night Mission PINBALL, the most realistic and challenging arcade simulation ever conceived! ■ Stunning graphics and dazzling C' — jj-i ^-^^^~^ sound effects put Night Mission PINBALL in a class by itself. Game features: multi- pft" ISuHti Nighi ballandmulti-playercapabilities, ten different professionally designed levels of play, ^§ W * 'i "^'t' ^"** ^" editor that lets you create your own custom modes. ■ So take a break with c^JsT" * 3 - Night Mission PINBALL from SubLOGIC. Winner of Electronic Games magazine's ■^wl*-' j3 ! ''983 Arcade Award for Best Computer AudioA/tsual Effects.

\'3i?!55fs: ■

'isssi

See your dealer . T.

or write or call for more information.

LDGIC

Order Line: 800 / 637-4983

LJBlri •X«lj

ims,

Vi^m!?f>^

'-I. -\'^*^r^.

713 Edgebrook Drive Cinampaign IL 61820

(217) 359-8482 Telex: 206995

COLLISION 1,2000 passes control to a subroutine at line 2000 when a sprite collides with a screen object. COLLISION 2,10000 diverts the program to a subroutine at line 10000 when a sprite is touched with a light pen.

BVMFitype)

Detects sprite collisions and returns a value corresponding to the sprites involved. This makes it possible to determine which sprites collided or if a collision happened off the visible screen (invisible to COLLISION). BUMP{0) records sprite-to-sprite collisions, and BUMP(l) records sprite-to-screen collisions.

Graphics commands make up for the deficiencies in BASIC 2.0 and complement the sprite commands. They're also fairly fast for a BASIC interpreter. Here's just a sampling:

GRAPHIC mode#,clear, window

Flips the screen to the graphics mode specified by tnode#. Mode 0 is 40-column text (default); 1 is hi-res graphics; 2 is hi-res graphics with a text window; 3 is multicolor graph- ics; 4 is multicolor graphics with a text window; and 5 is 80-column text (RGB only). The text windows are similar to those on Atari and Apple computers — they allow a few lines of text beneath the graphics window on the upper part of the screen. The text windows start at line 19, but that can be changed with the window parameter in the GRAPHIC statement. The clear pa- rameter lets you specify whether the screen will be cleared upon entering the new mode (0 = no clear, 1 = clear).

COLOR source #, color # Sets up the color registers. The color# parameter defines the color from 1 to 16. The source# parameter specifies the color register affect- ed— 0 for the 40-column back- ground, 1 for the graphics mode foreground, 2 for the multicolor graphics mode primary color, 3 for the multicolor graphics mode sec- ondary color, 4 for the 40-column border, 5 for the character color, and 6 for the 80-column background color.

BOX source ^,Xl,Yl,X2,Y2,angle,

paint

Draws a box on the hi-res screen.

Source# defines the color register (0 to 3), XI, Yl, XI. Y2 are the X and Y coordinates of the opposite corners, angle is the rotation in degrees (de- fault = 0), and paini specifies whether the box will be filled (0 = hollow, 1 = solid). Example: BOX 1,10,10,60,60,0,1 draws a filled green box in the upper-left corner of the screen.

CIRCLE source #,X center, Ycenter, X radius,Y radius,arc anglel,arc angle2,atigle,increment Draws circles, ellipses, arcs, trian- gles, octagons, and other polygons on the hi-res screens. Source# is the color register (0 to 3), X center and Y center are the X and Y coordinates of the centerpoint, X radius and Y radi- us are the X and Y coordinates of the radius, arc anglel is the starhng arc angle in degrees (default = 0), arc anglel is the ending arc angle in degrees (default = 360), angle is the rotation in degrees (default = 0), and increment specifies the number of degrees between segments (de- fault = 2). Examples: CIRCLE 1,160,100,65,50 draws a green cir- cle; CIRCLE 1,160,100,65,10 draws a green ellipse; CIRCLE ,60,40, 20,18„„45 draws an octagon, and

CIRCLE ,260,40,20 90 draws a

diamond.

DRAW source #,X1,Y1 TO X2,Y2 ...etc,

Draws a dot, line, or figure on the hi-res screens. Sources is the color register (0 to 3), XI and YI are the starting screen coordinates, X2 and Y2 are the following screen coordi- nates, and more coordinates can fol- low, up to BASIC'S line length limit. Examples: DRAW 1,100,50 plots a dot at coordinates 100,50 because no endpoint is specified; DRAW 1,100,50 TO 100,75 draws a vertical line from 100,50 to 100,75; and DRAW 1,10,10 TO 10,60 TO 100,60 TO 10,10 makes a triangle.

LOCATE X,Y

Positions the invisible graphics cur- sor at hi-res screen coordinates X,Y. This defines the default starting point for all the drawing commands.

FAINT source #,Xstart,Ystart,

mode

Fills an area on the hi-res screen.

Sources is the color register, Xstart and Ystart define the starting coordi- nates, and mode specifies which area to fill (0 = fill the area defined by source#, 1 = fill the area defined by

any nonbackground color). Ex- ample: CIRCLE ,160,100,65,50: PAINT ,160,100 draws and fills a circle using the default foreground color.

SSHAPE string,cortierl,corner2

Stores shapes drawn on the hi-res screens into string variables. The rectangular area of screen data be- tween coordinates cornerl and cor- ner! is saved in the string variable string. The area which can be stored is limited by the 255-character ca- pacity of a BASIC string. SSHAPE is very similar to GET in IBM BASIC.

GSHAPE strirtg,cprnerl,corner2, mode

Plots the data stored in a string vari- able as a shape on the hi-res screens. It is the opposite of SSHAPE. Cor- nerl and cornerl define the rectan- gular screen coordinates, and mode specifies how the shape will be plot- ted. If mode = 0, the shape is placed as it exists; 1 inverts the shape; 2 performs a bitwise OR when the shape is overlapped onto the screen; 3 ANDs the shape with the screen; 4 XORs (exclusive-ORs) the shape with the screen. GSHAPE corre- sponds to PUT in IBM BASIC.

Sound commands in BASIC 7.0 take much of the tedium out of creating sound effects and mu- sic with the versatile but complex SID chip. Together, BASIC 7.0 and the SID chip give the Commodore 128 the best sound capability of any personal computer now on the mar- ket. Here are a few examples:

SOUND voice,freq,dur,sweep,min, step,wave,ividth

Plays a sound with the selected voice, frequency, and duration. Voice can be 1 to 3, freq 0 to 65535, and dur Q \.o '^17b7 jiffies (a jiffy equals 1/60 second). The following parameters are optional. Sweep de- fines the direction for a sweep (shift- ing frequencies), with 0 = up, 2 = down, and 3 = oscillation. Min sets the minimum frequency for a sweep; step picks the step value for a sweep; wave chooses a SID wave- form (0 = triangle, 1 = saw, 2 = square, 3 = noise); and zoidth speci- fies the width for a pulse wavfeform.

PLAY "O octj tune,U vol,V voice,X filter,notes" Plays one or more notes using a selected octave, envelope, volume,

2 J COMPUTEI June 1985

SUMMER GAMES li: EIGHT NEW WAYS10GO FORTHE GOLD.

Sure Summer Games was great, but why stop there? Let Summer Games II take you even farther with eight new events including cycling, fencing, kayaking, triple jump, rowing, high jump, javelin and even equestrian. They ran all be played by up to eight playere and some, like cycling, rowing and fencing challenge you with realistic head-to-head competition.

First, you decide which of the 18 different countries youVe going to represent. Then, in true Olympic fashion, you will need the proper strategy and mental toughness, not just speed and agility to excel in each

event. It's so realistic, there's even an opening and closing ceremony along with medal presentations after each event.

It's not (<x) early to get ready for 1988. With the right diet, proper training and hours of practice you just might make it. In the meantime, put on your sweatsuit, grab that joystick and let Summer Games II give you eight new ways to Go For The Gold!

Strategy Games mr the ActtonGame Player

voice, and filter. Oct specifies the octave 1 to 6; tune an envelope 0 to 9 (see below); vol the volume 0 to 9; voice 0 to 2; filter (0 = off, 1 = on); and note can be A, B, C, D, E, F, or G with sharps, flats, dots, and stan- dard durations {quarter notes, half

notes, etc.). An M in this parameter tells the computer to wait for all voices currently playing to end. Any number of notes can be strung to- gether in this field, up to BASIC'S line length limit. The predefined en- velopes selectable with the tune

parameter are 0 = piano, 1 = accor-

dian, 2 = calliope, 3 = drum, 4 =

flute, 5 = guitar, 6 = harpsicord, 7 =

organ, 8 = trumpet, and 9 =

xylophone.

ENVELOPE #,attacKdecay,sus,

rel,wave,width

Commodore 1 28 Memory Management And Machine Language

Charles Brannon, Program Editor

Using an external memory cartridge, the Commo- dore 128 can be expanded up to 512K RAM. This memory is not directly available for programs, though, but is used as a RAM disk — the functions of a disk drive are simulated v^fith the memory chips. This provides faster throughput than a hard disk, but all information is lost when the power is turned off. You need to dump the contents of a RAM disk to a regular disk at the end of each session.

A special memory management unit (MMU), located at $FFOO, controls the 128's complicated memory map. The MMU interprets memory ad- dresses even before the microprocessor sees them. It permits you to swap between banks of 64K, but can leave a small portion of memory as common memory. You don't always want zero page and the stack to disappear when you change banks. The MMU lets you bank between four 64K banks, and allows multiple banks of 256K, up to one megabyte of memory.

The MMU controls whether the VIC chip or 80-column chip controls the screen display, and even senses the position of the 40/80 DISPLAY switch (though the software must interpret this switch). The MMU controls access to RAM or ROM, allowing either to be visible in the memory map. A programmer can set up a series of preset memory configurations and quickly select them by writing to the MMU. The address of the VIC chip can be relocated anywhere within the virtual 256K memory space.

The MMU also controls the fast serial port used with the 1571 disk drive (and conceivably with other fast peripherals). It determines the clock speed of the 8502, and controls which of the three microprocessors (6510, 8502, Z80A) is in control.

Although not supported in ROM, it's possible to have all three microprocessors running by quickly switching between them. Maybe someone will find a way to take advantage of this potential multiprocessing capability.

Machine language programmers will appreci- ate the Commodore 128's machine language mon- itor, entered from BASIC with the MONITOR command. It pretends that the 128K of memory is contiguous and permits five-digit hexadecimal ad- dresses. It makes full use of 80 columns if selected. The monitor works much like 64 Superman, with commands to assemble, disassemble, fill, go to address, hunt through memory for a hexadecimal string, load, display memory with ASCII equiva- lents, display registers, save, transfer a block of memory, verify a saved program, exit to BASIC, modify memory, modify registers, and display disk error status.

BASIC commands for machine language in- clude BLOAD and BSAVE to load and save ma- chine language programs or other binary files, and BOOT to load and run a machine language pro- gram. The familiar U5R, WAIT, POKE, PEEK, and SYS commands can now reference the second 64K of memory with the BANK command. SYS can be followed by four parameters that are transferred into the accumulator, X register, Y register, and status flag register. After a SYS, the RREG com- mand can transfer the contents of these registers into four variables. This makes it much easier to pass information between BASIC and ML.

The 8502 microprocessor in 128 mode is opcode-compatible with the 6502 and 6510, but can now run at two megahertz, twice the speed of the VIC-20's 6502 and Commodore 64's 6510. All VIC/64 Kemal routines are supported, making program translation much easier. New Kemal rou- tines support special features of the 128, including routines for memory management.

A RESET button near the power switch can coldstart the machine. Holding down RUN/STOP with RESET initiates a "lukewarm" start. It's a more thorough reset than RUN/STOP-RESTORE, but still retains your BASIC program. This reset puts you into the machine language monitor, where you can exit back to BASIC with no harm done.

26 COMPUTEI June 1985

YOUR COMMODORE 64 CAN NOW USE STANDARD APPLE ll+HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

'JVACL

>ATEGIC SIMULATIONS Pi=A<

SOFTWARE PUBLISHING ^Ar out-! vvmkl

50RCIM APPARAT MICROPRO SOFT

3ITAL RESEARC'-'

HCROSOFT

DRVUS S

UTEK

can"

^E MICRO MOUNTAIN COMPUTi u^^Lt BROTHERS \G EXECUWARE PEACHTREE lE.C.C. B.P.I. VIDEX RAN/

WITH THIS

At Mimic we believe that you and your computer should dictate the choices or hardware and software you can use.

; The Spartan ™ was developed to allow you to choose the hardware and software that best suits your needs.

Our goal in designing the Spartan'" was simple. To take what you already have and give you more.

Mimic Systems is proud to give you the Spartan"'' The Apple'" II + emulator for the Commodore 64'''

Spartan'" Suggested Retail Prices: The Spartan" (includes BUSS, CPU, and DOS cards) 5599.00 J

BUSS card S299.00 ^^^

' CPU card (requires BUSS card! SI 99.00 . ,„. 1112

DOS card (requires buss and CPU card) SI 99.00

^^|a;_fr

FOR INFORMATION W!?ITE:

(All prices In U.S. Funds. Freight not lncluded.| American Enptess. Visa oncj MasterCard accepted. Commodore 6d ara Commodore logo ore trademarks or Commodore Eiecrroni cs Lie end or Commodore Buslr^ess Mccr^lnes. fnc, Apple' 11+ Isotrodemark of Apcle ComD'jrer. me Sporron- is 0 ttodemork or r^flirtiic Sysrems inc . ond rios no ossociorion v Elecrrofiics or Apple Computer Inc The Spartan Is monulocrurea Dv Wimic Systems »nc under license gianred bv ATG Electronics Inc. or Victoria BC Canodo

MIMIC SYSTEMS INC. 1112 FORT ST.. FL. 6N VICTORIA, a.c. CANADA V8V 4V2

To Order Call:

1-800-MODULAR

(663-8527)

-9;*^-'.-vSi. - ^^ ■

Redefines any of the ten predefined music envelopes for the tune paranneter of the PLAY command. The # speci- fies the envelope (0 to 9), followed by the values for attack, decay, sustain, and release. Wave sets the SID waveform and width selects the width of a pulse waveform.

FILTER freq,lopass,bandpass, hipassjes

Switches the SID filters for use with the filter parameter of the PLAY command. Freq selects the frequency; lopass the low-pass filter (0 = off, 1 = on); bandpass the notch- reject filter (0 = off, 1 = on); hipass the high-pass filter (0 = off, 1 = on); and res the resonance (0 to 15).

Despite the almost bewildering array of commands listed above, we've barely scratched the surface of BASIC 7.0. Indeed, a preliminary manuscript for the Commodore 228 System Guide is a stack of single- spaced, typewritten pages two and a half inches thick. There are commands for windowing, switching 64K memory banks, renumbering BASIC programs, deleting ranges of BASIC lines, assigning new definitions to the predefined special function keys, entering the machine language monitor, trapping runtime errors and diverting execution to an error-handling routine at a certain line number, resuming execution after a runtime error, high- lighting errors in BASIC lines, constructing loops with- out FOR-NEXT, and inserting delay loops. Plus additional commands for sprites, sound, music, and graphics that we didn't have room to mention.

Commodore BASIC 7.0 is a predictable step in the evolution of high-level programming languages for per- sonal computers. It continues the trend away from low- level instructions such as PEEK and POKE — vestiges of machine language — and further shields users from inti- mate contact with the bits and bytes of computer circuit- ry. Yet, unlike some other personal computers introduced in recent years, the Commodore 128 retains its BASIC as a built-in feature and also provides a machine language monitor for those who want to explore the computer at every level. It's a welcome combination. ©

To receive additional information from

advertisers in this issue,

use \he handy reader

service cards in the

back of the magazine.

STARPOINT SOFTWARE proudly presents

28 COMPUTEI June 198S

[say Icepick], a revolutionary new concept in software de-protection for the Comnnodore 64. ISEPIC is not a disk duplication system, but an extraordinary hardware/software combination that actually bypasses any disk protection scheme. ISEPIC captures and saves the protected program as it runs in the 64's memory, this "snapshot" becomes ac- cessible to the user for complete inspection and alteration. From this image, ISEPIC can automatically create a compact, auto-booting, fast-loading file which is completely un- protected and self contained.

■fr Copies ALL memory-resident software

•k ISEPIC'd programs load many times faster than originals

tf ISEPIC is invisible to software— cannot be defeated

i! Eliminates drive "knock" due to antique protection schemes— adds years of life to your drive

ii Automatically "cracks" protected pro- grams into single, auto-booting, super- fast loading files

■sV Place multiple programs on a single diskette

ii Create auto-booting, fast-loading versions of your own programs

■fr Cracked programs are completely self- contained and run independently of the ISEPIC adapter

-iv Copies software with a flick of a switch

-k ISEPIC comes complete and ready-to- run, just plug into expansion port

■iz Programs cracked by ISEPIC may be used on MSD or 4040 drives as well as hard disks regardless of original pro- tection schemes

When ordering by mail:

* $64.95 + 3.00 shipping

* £64.95 + 4.00 COD orders

* Calif, residents add 6% sales tax

* VISA or Mast;ercard accepted

* Shipping out of USA SB. 00 Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.

WRITE OB PHONE

ST^RPOIMT SOFTWARe

Scar Route 1 Q

Gazelle. CA 96034

[916)435-9371

NEW LOW PRICES FROM THE WORLD'S LARGEST SPORTS SOFTWARE COMPANY!

Whether you're a coach, player, computer bug, statistician, dabbier, doer or just .^^

a real sports fan, PDS has a package for you ... at our lowest prices ever! '^^

Check our line-up below, and then order your first PDS Sports Package. mm

FOOTBALL STATISTICS. A comprehensive computer software system. You compare teams in over 60 offensive and defensive situations and watch the matchups on the screen. Every team is given a power rating. PDS also provides "year-to-date" data diskettes for a nominal charge. 39.95

FOOTBALL HANDICAPPING. (Includes FOOT- BALL STATISTICS Package). Forecasts the outcome of football games based on massive amounts of statistical data, morning lines and point spreads. 49.95

BASKETBALL STATISTICS. The most compre- hensive basketball program ever written. "What-if" your way into every imaginable comparison and formulation. 39,95

BASKETBALL HANDICAPPING. I Includes BASKETBALL STATISTICS!- Gives you an inside look into the outcome of games by mathematically equating statistics, lines and point spreads. 49.95

BASEBALL STATISTICS. See how opposing baseball teams stack up against each other See summarizations. Performance stats on every team in the major leagues. 39.95

BASEBALL HANDICAPPING. (Includes BASEBALL STATISTICS) Makes you better- prepared to predict the winner of any game. At least, mathematically 49.95

THOROUGHBRED HANDICAPPING. This

"world class ' program gives you an edge in predicting winners. A proven system... by PDS and many horseracing enthusi- asts. 129.00 HARNESS RACE HANDICAPPING. The fast, easy way to find out what races and what horses should be looked at... all summarized in a "power rating" format. 129.00

QUARTER HORSE HANDICAPPING, the com-

^^ puter system actually "rates" the horses in each race of what is the fastest growing segment in the sport of kings. 1 29.00

TRAINER STATISTICS. Analyzes all local race- horse trainers and gives you a rating for each one. 39.95

JOCKEY STATISTICS. A short time with this software package will show you why the top 1 5 jockeys at local tracks win over 90% of ail races. 39.95

HARNESS DRIVER STATISTICS. A comple- ment to the HARNESS HORSE HANDICAP- PING System, this package tells you all you need to know about the man (or woman) behind the horse. 39.95

?2^

PDS

RO. BOX E / TORRANCE. CA 90507 / (2 1 31 5 1 6-6688 Please send me the following PDS SOFTWARE PACKAGE:

: $

$

$

Total

Add $6.00 for postage and handling. Calif, residents add 6Vi% sales tax

I have an APPLE ( ) IBM 1

COMMODORE-64 ( (

DISKETTE ( ) CASSETTE (

( I Check enclosed

( I Charge my credit card:

M.C. ( )

Card No

Signature

TRS-80 ( )

MODEL #.

A.E. ( ), VISA (

.Expires.

[As it appears on credit cardi OR CHARGE BY PHONE...CALL (800) 222-2601 (In Calif: (213) 516-6688)

NAMt

ADDRESS	PHONE
CITY	STATF 7.IP
Dealer [nquiries \mted

How To Buy The Right Printer

Kathy Yakal, Feature Writer

Choosing a printer may be the most difficult decision you'll make when assembling your computer system. Even if you're planning to use it only for personal letters and program listings, there are more alternatives to consider than with any other peripheral.

Once you buy a computer, selecting a tape or disk drive and a monitor isn't too tough. There aren't that many choices. Modems are a bit more dif- ficult because of the number avail- able, but their features and

30 COMPUTEI June 1985

performance don't vary all that much.

Printers, however, are another stor}'. There are dozens of printers which are inexpensive and produce good quality print. And they're complicated pieces of machinery. "As opposed to a computer, which has relatively few mechanical or moving parts, printers are the big- gest mechanical piece of your com- puter system," points out Dave Crowley, corporate communications specialist for Centronics.

"Consumers have to be aware that if there is going to be a problem, it probably will happen in the print- er rather than anywhere else in the computer system."

Further, everyone's needs are different. Some people just want to print out program listings. Others want to print school papers or per- sonal letters or business correspon- dence, or pictures created with light pens or graphics tablets. The goal is to find a printer that has everything you need without spending lots of extra money for features you'll nev- er use.

he first step in buying a printer, then, is to determine exactly what you need. "We always recommend that someone sit down and draw up a list of items that the printer will be used for, and take that with them to the dealer," says Crowley,

Here's a list of questions, com- piled with the help of Crowley and Star Micronics Marketing Director Tom Bongiorno, that you might want to ask yourself before visiting computer dealers:

• Will this printer work with my computer? And if it doesn't, is the dealer knowledgeable enough to help you figure out how to make it work? Compatibility should be assured.

Printers for personal computers are designed to work with two gen- eral types of interfaces: parallel and serial. For the purposes of hooking up a printer, either works just as well. The most common parallel in- terface is often referred to as a Centronics-standard interface, and the most common serial interface is called the RS-232. If your computer doesn't have one of these interfaces built in, you may need to buy an interface adapter in addition to a printer. In any case, make sure the printer you buy is compatible with the interface available on your computer.

Many printer manufacturers of- fer cables that connect directly to, say, a Commodore 64 or an Atari. Buying such a printer frees you from compatibility worries for now, but may also restrict its future use if you someday buy a different system. Some printers allow interfacing through either a standard or a machine-specific port; these provide greater flexibility for use with other computers.

Consider software compatibil- ity, too. Even if you're going to use

Modem Tools for Modem Minds...

Grolier presents the first and only series of productivity tools with a built-in tutorial and practice.

»TM

GROLIER ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING INC.

■^'EduCalc

... the first electronic spreadsheet program that also teaches beginning users to understand and use a spreadsheet!

• Self-paced, menu-driven tutorial lets you determine the amount of help you need at any one time, and then return later for additional instruction.

• Practice template, for creating a personal budget, enables you to become familiar with a standard spreadsheet before developing your own.

• No need to memorize commands; directions appear on each screen.

• Makes it easy to create, edit, save and print a spreadsheet up to 26 columns wide by 99 rows deep.

• Enter text, numbers or formulas, define constants, and sort infomiation alphanumerically.

...there's never been a more simple solution for creating budgets, charts, schedules and tables for school and home use! ONLY $4 Q95 Suggest Retail Price

.........^i*:

(SPACE) to Kt nor. I.l.cti

Friendly Filer™

...a great database management learning experience that's also great fun!

• Teaches database management through the use of an entertaining tutorial and stimulating questions.

• Researches the answers by searching out and sori:ing a built-in "animals" database.

• Uses simple, self-explanatory menus, to lead the user step-by-step into creating files by entering, selecting, sorting and printing data.

...a marvelous learning experience that stresses imagination, creativity and fun. And it's productive, too!

ONLY $39^^ Suggest Retail Price

NEW!

Note Card Maker™

This remarkably powerful program is a clever hjtorial. . . a helpful tool ... and a terrific way to take a lot of the time and effort out of preparing bibliographies and note cards.

• Interactive, self-paced tutorial demonstrates exactly how to prepare note cards.

• Provides user with a standard fonnat for gathering research information, including key word, source code and notes.

• Uses the database management facility to sort and search for data... then incorporates the word processing capabilities to reorganize, select, edit and print-out note cards in any desired sequence.

ONLY$2[^5 Suggest Retail Price

Available for the Apple® II family of computers. Also available for the Commodore G4™ and IBM® PC and PCjr, in Fall 1985. Seeyour computer software dealer today. Or call Grolier Electronic Publishing ToU-Free. 800-858-8858.

Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.

SHERMAN TURNPIKE, DANBURY. CONNECTICUT. 06816 • (SCO) 856-8858 EduCak. Friendly Filer and Nale Cord Maker are registered Irademarls of Grolier EleOwnic Publishing Inc. Ai>ple is a registered Irudemark of Apple Computer !nc Commodore is a registered Imdemark afCommtxlore Business Machines. Inc. BM is a registered Irademarii nf fntemdlioml Business Machines. Inc.

I

Legend, The Clear

You can choose from several types of printers. They're available from more than 50 manufacturers. With and with- out graphics. In high speed and low speed models at prices ranging from less than S200 to well over S2,000.

How do you know you made the right choice?

Here's some easy-to-understand facts from Legend to help you make a "clear choice." Legendary Legibility.

There are trade offs in buying printers. Simply stated, within a given price range, quality, or legibility, decreases as speed increases.

The object is to find the printer that gives the ^^ legibility you want at the speed

Chdce.

How Do You Know You Chose The Right Printer?

ckpabilit)- to maxiiTiize speed an^ qu^ty.

you need and at the price you can afford, like a Legend.

Dot matrix type printers are the most popular and lowest cost printers. Most combine high speed with acceptable quality and legibility They're extremely versatile and very dependable. Legendary Head.

Dot matrix printers have print heads containing tiny pins that "fire" against a ribbon to make a series of dots that combine to form letters, numbers and graphics. Generally, the more pins or "wires," the closer together the dots, and the better the legibility

Legend printers have "full nine wire" heads for better legibility

Many dot matrix printers produce type that is acceptable for about 95% of all correspondence — invoices, letters, and the like.

Daisy Wheel or '"let- ter quality" printers run one fifth as fast and cost twice as much as a Legend. So a Legend dot matrix printer makes )le-^trik^ - belter sense. Why? Read on.

Easy to Switch. Many dot matrix printers have a "double strike" capability that reduces the speed, but produces better legibility

Unfortunately, with most dot matrix printers, changing to the double strike mode is difficult. And, unlike Legend, most other printers only run at 25% of their normal speed.

Legend printers have a special, easily accessible switch on the top of the machine so double strike

legend's,^ Square Dots

tiigher legiiitlity

capability (Legend calls it "damn near letter quality") is at the operator's fin- gertips. And machine speed stays at a __.|_ very productive I 50% of normal speed. Square Vs.

Square dots are 25% j Round biwer than round dot.s. 1 , ^V . "^ In addition to

speed, the shape of the dot affects the legibility of t)^pe, too.

Most printers use round dots. Legend printers use square dots because they butt better and fool the eye into think- ing that lines are continuous.

Think of it this way Imagine you stack a series of baseballs next to a series of equal sized blocks. Now move back 20 paces and look at the two stacks. Which one would look most like a straight line? Legendary Graphics.

A picture is indeed worth a thousand words. And today's sophisticated software packages are making it easier to trans- late data into graphics that communi- cate quickly and clearly.

Competitors' I Round Dots

Legend 8.S(i— IIJU cps/8i) col

egeiid 1(1811— 140 cps/KO col.

Unfortunately, not all printers are capable of running graphics software, including some of the more popular models. If your application includes charts, graphs or other kinds of sym- bols, it's important that you pick a printer that is compatible with the soft- ware and capable of printing graphics, like Legend.

Legend printers are compatible with almost all popular graphics software programs. What's more, you'll get more characters built into memon.' when you choose a Legend. More Graphics.

Most comparably priced printers fea- ture 96 to 196 characters (symbols) built into memor}'. Legend printers have 228,

l«ger|d-pr|mers hav'e-22p charac= jers ill mehiory to produce inore

grapiiics and more languages.

so you can produce more graphics and more languages (French, German. Greek, Spanish, Italian) so you can be more productive. And isn't that the bot- tom line, really?

Legend's advanced square dot tech- nology will make your charts and graphs look sharper, too.

•Legend Printers can he interfiiced witii most computers, including: Apple* II, He, lie, Atari;* Columbia* I60() series-. Compaq.™ Commodore,* Compaq Plus;' DeskPro ™ Eagle* PC" and Spirit."' "mrbo;'" Hewlett Packard* 1 10, 150; IBM* PC, .XT, ,W; Kavpro;* Sanvo;* Tl* Professional; TRS.'^

A Head For Life.

No printer at any price is worth its salt if it's not depend- able. Legend's square dot heads use a special alloy that main- tains a sharper image and a ,;/ longer life. So all Legend printers come with a life- time head warranty If anything ever goes wrong with the head, simply send it back for an immediate exchange. It's so simple, It's legendary. Legendary Value.

If there's still any doubt in your mind about which printer is best for you, we'll make your decision e\^en easier.

Legend printers also come with standard friction and tractor feed and are compati- ble with most com- puters.* They fea- ture over 40 software selectable type styles and make a crisp original plus three copies. Most remarkable of all, prices start at just S279, And for just S] you can get a special buffer upgrade. Compare if you like, but well bet you'll find Legend Printers, feature-for- feature, to be clearly the best value for \'our money today Call 1-800- 4- LEGEND today for more information and visit your dealer to see them in action.

Dealer inquiries call 1-800 ■321-4484. In CA call (818) 704-9100. Or write CAL- ABCO Peripherals Division, 6041 Variel Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA 91367.

Legend and Legend Peripheral Products are trademarks of Cal-Abco.

iLEceno

The Clear Choice.

I

the printer only to print out corre- spondence and home records, make sure the printer will accept vour word processor's formatting commands.

• Hmi' good does your printed copy need to look? Different kinds of printers offer varying type qualities.

Impact printers {daisy wheel and dot-matrix) strike the paper through an inked ribbon to form characters and graphics. Daisy wheel printers are capable of producing letter- quality type because the characters are stamped onto the paper by a print wheel that works much like the strikers on a typewriter. Dot- matrix printers, on the other hand, have printheads with dozens of tiny metal pins that reproduce characters and graphics by printing tightly packed patterns of dots. Some dot- matrix printers, depending on the numbers and placement of pins, can produce near letter-quality print.

Thermal printers don't use an ink ribbon — they burn characters and graphics onto special paper coated with a heat-sensitive film. They're relatively inexpensive and quiet compared to other printers, but the special paper costs more. Thermal transfer printers, however, can print on any kind of paper.

Ink-jet printers, the third kind found in the under-$ 1,000 price range, spray ink through tiny holes to reproduce characters.

"You should always look at the output of the printer — get a demo — because draft mode or near-letter quality from three different printers will always differ," says Bongiorno. "If you like the typeface on one printer better than another, then to you the quality will be better, and that's the one you should buy."

'Are there hidden costs? Printers that require special paper or addi- tional interface cables can make that under-$300 printer move closer to the $400-plus range. If the printer uses a ribbon, what is its average life? Can it be re-inked?

• What type of paper handling does the printer use? Printers can move paper around the platen in two different ways. Friction-feed printers work like typewriters; they grip one sheet at a time and roll it through. Tractor-feed printers use a pair of cogged wheels to grip holes punched into the edges of special

34 COMPUTEI June 1985

printer paper. The paper comes as a long, continuous form with perfo- rated pages, and the holes along the edges are also perforated for remov- al. The tractor wheels can be adjust- ed to accommodate different paper sizes and special forms, such as mailing labels. (A printer with non- adjustable tractors is called a pin- feed printer.)

Some printers offer both fric- tion- and tractor-feed by including snap-on tractors, This gives you the option of printing correspondence on letterhead stationery, or printing continuous forms.

• How easy is it to obtain parts? Daisy wheels, for example, some- times break after heavy use. Can you run down to a local office sup- ply store to replace the wheel, or will you have to order it by mail and wait six weeks for delivery? If the printhead on a dot-matrix printer bums out, can it be replaced without exchanging the entire printing mechanism? How economical are replacement ribbons? If you buy a thermal printer, is the special paper readily available?

• How good is the warranty? Opinions vary on what constitutes a fair warranty period, but, in all cases, find out what it is, Bongiorno believes that one year is fairest. "If something is going to go wrong, it will go wrong within the first year," he says. "Sometimes the warranty on the printhead is different than the printer, which you have to be careful of."

• Can the printer produce the kind of graphics you need? You may not need graphics at all, of course, but if you do, there are basically two types of graphics that printers can pro- duce. With block graphics, the printer recognizes a block of dots as a sym- bol or special character. It constructs the picture by assembling these symbols. With dot-addressable graphics, each tiny dot can be indi- vidually printed, so the printer isn't limited to a set of predefined block graphics patterns. If you need to reproduce high-resolution draw- ings, charts, or diagrams, you'll probably need a printer with dot- addressable graphics. It will also have to be a dot-matrix printer, be- cause daisy wheel printers aren't ca- pable of producing detailed graphics.

Although these are the major concerns, there are myriad other questions you'll want answered when shopping for a printer:

How fast is it? Printer speeds are usually measured in characters per second, abbreviated cps. Dot-matrix printers are generally much faster than daisy wheel printers in the same price range, but remember that speeds can vary in different printing modes.

How noisy is it? For home use, this might be critically important if your computer shares a family room with the TV.

Does it have a buffer? How large? A printer buffer is an area of memo- ry inside the printer that lets it print your material while freeing up the computer for other tasks. To be use- ful, a printer buffer should be at least as large as the files you need to print. For instance, if you'll frequent- ly be printing documents about 16K long — roughly eight double- spaced pages — the printer buffer should contain at least 16K of memory. To keep initial costs down, you can often buy a printer without a buffer and add the memory later. Also, printer buffers are available as sepa- rate devices that connect between a computer and any standard printer.

Can the printer produce special type styles, like italics, boldface, con- densed, expanded? Keep in mind that even though a printer offers special fonts, your software may not be ca- pable of sending the proper codes to take advantage of these features. This is a tricky problem that can only be solved by carefully compar- ing the software manual with the printer manual.

Can I afford it? The bottom-line question.

A good computer dealer, says Crowley, will take the time to an- swer all of your questions and run the printer through its paces, just as a good car dealer will take you out for a test drive. "I've actually gone in to buy a car and gotten a salesman who couldn't tell me whether it had six or eight cylinders," he says. "If you run up against somebody who's not willing to take the time, then take your business someplace else — because there are plenty of people who are willing." ©

COMPUTE! Books brings you the companion volume to the best seller, Machine Language for Beginners, about which the critics have said:

"If you know BASIC and want to learn machine language, this is the place to start .... Building on your experience as a BASIC programmer, Mansfield very gently takes you through the fundamentals of machine language." — Whole Earth Software Catalog

"Understandable" — The New York Times

"Presents the machine language novice with a very good tutorial in simple, understandable terms." — Antic

"I highly recommend Machine Language for Beginners as your first in- troduction to the world of machine language." — Commodore Power/Play

The Second Book of Machine Language for the Commodore 64, VIC-20, Apple, Atari, and PET/CBM

The Second Book of Machine Language picks up where Machine Language for Beginners left off. This new book contains one of the most powerful ma- chine language assemblers currently available. The LADS assembler is a full- feotured, label-based progfamming language which can greatly assist you in writing machine language programs quickly and easily,

it's also a clear, detailed tutorial on how large, complex machine language programs can be constructed out of manageable subprograms.

There are powerful computer languages and there is good documentation, but rarely has a sophisticated language been so completely documented as it is in this book. When you finish with this book, you'll not only have a deeper understanding of machine language — you'll also have one of the most powerful machine language assemblers available. And since every- thing is thoroughly explained, you con even add custom features to the assembler to create o custom tanguage that does just what you want it to (the book shows you precisely how to modify the assembler).

For Commodore 64, Apple (II, II -i-, lie, and He, DOS 3.3), ViC-20 (8K RAM expansion required), Atari (including XL, 40K minimum), and PET/CBM (Up- grade and 4.0 BASIC). Disk drive recommended.

Machined Language

15% Discount Buy both books for f 25.00 and save §4.90! That's 157o off ttie retail price!

Offer Expires July 15, 1985.

THE LADS Disk

LADS, fhe assembler used in The Second Book of Machine Language, is available on disl< for only SI 2.95. This is a great accompanimeni 1o the book, saving you hours of typing time by providing the complete source and object modules for all versions of the assembler. And LADS disks are spe- cific to your Apple. Atari, or Commodore computers.

To Order: Call Toll Free 800-334-0868 (In NC 919-275-9809) or mail fills coupon wlfh your pay- ment fo COMPUTEI Books, P.O. Box 5058, Greensboro, NC 27403. Offer Expires July 15, 1985.

The Second Book of Machine Language, $14.95

Machine Language for Beginners. $14.95

LADS Disk CAppte) $M.9S

LADS Disk (A\arO $12.95

LADS Disk (Commodore), $1 2.95

D Payment Enclosed (check or money order)

D Charge n MasterCard D Visa D American Express

Acct. No

Signature

Nome ,

Address .

City

Stot© _

1 Boole for

2 Books for LADS Disk for

$14.95 $25.00 $12.95

S

Zip

NC residents odd 4.5% soles tox

Shipping and handling (S2.00 per book $1.00 per disk)

Total Paid

All ortlers must De prepaid

Please allow i-i> weeks tor deflveiy.

COMPUTE! Publicationsjrc®

Solving

Common

Printer Problems

Selby Bateman, Features Editor

Few things in computing are as frus- trating as a recalcitrant printer. Here are some tips on how to find relief.

t one time or another, every computer user looks at the paper rolling out of a printer and sees something that seems to have been sent from an alternate universe. That's not what I told my computer to print!

Your neady formatted double- spaced letter is being printed all on one line. Or your beautiful four- color screen illustration is appearing on paper as a series of capital E's. The italics and underlining you've added for emphasis in a report have changed the rest of the words to an unknown foreign language. Or, per- haps most depressing, the paper is simply rolling out of your printer completely blank.

Nine times out of ten, your printer problems won't be mechani- cal in nature. More likely, they'll fall into one of two major areas, which we may call interface /configuration mistakes and special effects errors.

Problems with interfacing and configuring your computer and printer usually happen during your first attempts to connect everything together. But confusion over special effects — such as boldfacing, under- lining, super- and subscripting, and graphics — can happen even to the most advanced computer user.

No matter what the cause of a printer problem, it is a frustrating experience. Yet, with some patience and a thorough understanding of

36 COMPUTEI June 1965

how the computer, printer, soft- ware, and printer interface work to- gether, you can unleash all of the power and high-quality per- formance packed into today's printers.

hether your computer is a Commodore, IBM, Apple, Atari, TI, or other brand, you should become familiar with how it connects to a printer. Often an extra interface is required to allow an otherwise incompatible printer and computer talk to each other,

A thorough discussion of the many printer interfaces for micro- computers could fill a book. But ba- sically, your data will be sent from computer to printer either in a serial or parallel stream, one bit at a time or eight bits at a time. Most printers use the parallel method. Your com- puter and printer manuals will tell you which kind of interface to use. But you should also know that some computers require additional acces- sories to work with certain printers. For example, the Apple II needs an interface cable and either a paral- lel or serial interface card. IBM PCs need either the standard printer in- terface card for parallel connection or an asynchronous serial card. A Commodore 64 can hook directly to Commodore printers to make use of the special graphics symbols and reverse-video characters, but if you want to print special character sets, different type fonts, or foreign lan- guage characters, you'll need other printers and appropriate interfaces. Similarly, Atari computers hook up

directly to Atari printers, but require the 850 Interface Module or a substi- tute to work with other printers.

That super-low-priced printer might not look like such a bargain when you arrive home and find that you not only need an additional $35 cable but also a $100 add-on inter- face. Although most stores selling printers have salespeople to help answer your questions, you should still do your homework with com- puter manuals, magazines, and books.

To add to the confusion, the application software you want to use — such as a word processor or graphics program — can add its own complications. Unless you configure your system correctly, what you end up with may be quite different from what you want.

or example, let's say your inter- a " face automatically sends a line- I feed instruction which tells the printer to advance the paper. Your word processing program may al- ready contain a similar command. And the printer, unless adjusted, may automatically add a linefeed as well. As a result, when you try to print out a single-spaced letter, the printer may be following instruc- tions to put two or three linefeeds between each line of print. Con- versely, you could also end up with no linefeeds at all. The entire letter might be printed on a single line.

The solution, of course, is to enable or disable the linefeeds, de- pending on the problem. This may involve opening up the printer or interface to flip a switch, or issuing the appropriate command with the word processor program. The an- swers are buried somewhere in the manuals.

Once you've got the printer and computer connected properly, you'll eventually want to take advantage of the advanced options which printers now offer. The special ef- fects which turn your system into so much more than a typewriter are theoretically quite easy to control. The complexity stems, once again, from all the configuration possibili- ties, Versatility has a price.

Let's consider an example using the SpeedScript 3.0 word processor recently published in COMPUTE! for Commodore, Atari, and Apple com- puters. To underline a word with

w:

^■

y^'

■«(i^-#^'

i:''^^

/^

^1

:']^

'->»y.

i

»s^^\^^'

' On 48K diskEllfl tor ' 0)1 48K diskflte (of 'OnHKoiskeStefortlie i

lesoRROM. Apple II

^R

^1

I m

' C-B4 (Commodore «| is a Irauenidft of Commo^ire ElKhonics IW.

i. 3 1985 by STRATEGIC SinUIATIONS. INC. AllnsW^.e^™)

' there are no convenient store:; near you, VISA & M/C holders can order directly To order by mail, send your check to: ST'

. m 800-227-1617, eit 335 (tdil lrM|. In California, call 800-772-3545, ext. 335. tin Road, BIdg. A-200. Mountain View CM

I specify comptJter format, and add S2.00 for shipping and handling. lax.) All our games carry a ■'14-day 'satg

r"

WRITE FOR A FUEE COLOR CATALOG OF ALL OUR GAMES.

-V >^ .K

•"^VANTAr'

^ THE BEST PRICES!

We will meal or beat any qualified price you find.

^ Next day shipping on all in stock items.

^ Free easy access order inquiry.

^ Orders from outside

Pennsylvania and Nevada save state sales tax.

^ Free tecfinicial support with our factory trained tectinical staff,

v- Ttiere is no limit and no deposit on C.O.D. orders.

y' There's no extra charge for using your credit card. Your card is not charged until we ship.

i' We accept purchase orders from qualified oorporalions. Subject to approval.

y- Educational discounts available to qualified institutions.

^ FREE CATALOG MEfi^BERSHIR

PORTABLE COMPUTERS

EAST

Dept. A206, 477 E. Third St.

Williamsport, PA 17701

WEST

Dept. A206, P.O. Box 6689 Statellne, NV 89449

'.•EMBER DIRECT MARKETING ASSOCIAflON

CREDIT CARDS

^g

SHIPPING"*"""

Add 3%, minimum $5.00 shipping

and handling on all orders. Larger

shipments may require additional

charges.

All items subject to availability and

price change.

Returned shipments may be sub- ject to a restocking fee.

1 ■800-268-4559

Othier Provinces

1-416-828-0866

In Toronto

TELEX: 06-218960

2505 Dunwin Drive,

Mississauga, Ontario

Canada L5L1T1

All prices shown are for U.S.A.

orders.

Call The Canadian Office for

Canadian prices.

APPLE

APPLE lie CALL

APPLE lie CAa

MaclNTOSH CALL

He LCD Display CALL

Aatarf

BAITERieSl

NCLUOeO

PaparClip w/Spell Pack S79.99

Ttie Consultant DBMS S69.99

Bus Card II $139,00

BO Col Display $139.00

^E commodore

CBM 8032 S639.0O

CBM 4032 3599.00

2031 LP Disk Drivo $299.00

B050 Disk Drive $949.00

8250 Disk DrivB $1249.00

4023 Printer $329.00

B023 Printar $589.00

B400 Primer CALL

Z-RAM $299.00

Silicon Otfioe 5299.00

Professional Software

Word Pro 4 Plus/5 Plus each. ..$239.00

Into Pro $179,00

Admlnislratof S399.0O

Power $69.99

%tJi

HEWLETT PACKARD

eSXE [64KI ^

130XE iizaK) ^^V^

130ST 1128K) *?ct*

S20ST [SiaK| ?*

eOOXL & 800XL CALL WHILE SUPPUES LAST

850 Inlortace $109.00

1010 Racordar $49.99

1020 Color Pnnter $79.99

1025 Dot Matrix Primer $199.99

1027 LeSler Quality Printer $269.99

1030 Direct Connect Modem $69.99

1050 Disk Drive $179.99

Touch Tablet $64.99

7097 Atari Logo $74.99

4018 Pilot (Home) $57.99

5049 VisiCalc. $59.99

CX30 Paddles $11.99

CX40 Joystick $7.99

4011 Star Raiders $12.99

4022 Pacl^an $16.99

BOARDS FOR ATARI

Axlon 32K $39.99

Axlon 48K (400) $69.99

Axfon 12BK $269.99

Micrabits 64K 1600) $109.00

Bit 3 Full View 80 $229.00

^e commodore

NEW

Commodore 128, LCD..CALL

SX-B4 Portable $499.00

Commodore Plus 4 S199.00

CBM 64 $149.00

C1541 Disk Drive $199.00

C1530 Datasotte $39.99

M-aOl Dot Matrix Printer $189.00

M-802 Dot MatrixySerial $219.00

MCS 803 Dot Matrix $179,00

C1802 Color Monitor S199.00

C1660 Auto Modem $59.99

DPS 1101 Daisy Primer $339.00

pRrfiessional Software

Fleet System II w/Sp6lli> $49.99

File (64) $59.99

Report (64) $49.99

Precision Software

Superbase 64 $54.99

41CV $189.99

41CX $249.99

HP 718 $419.99

HP 1 1C $62.99

HP 12C $89,99

HP 15C, $89,99

HP 16C $89.99

HP 75D $999.99

HPtL Module $98.99

HPIL Cassette or Printer $359.99

Card Reader $143.99

Extended Function Module $63.99

Time Module $63.99

Wa atock tha full tin* of HP Cfllculator products

HEQ

PC-8401 $749.00

PC-B201 PonabiB Computar,-,. $299,00

PC-B231 Disk Dnve.-.- $599.00

PC-a221A Thermal Pnnters $149.00

PC-a2aiA Data Recorder S99.99

PC-8201.06 6K RAM Chips $105.00

SHARR

PC-1350 $159.99

PC-1261 $159,99

PC-1260 $109-99

PC-1500A $165.99

PC-1250A $88.99

CE-125 Prinlar/CasseWB $128.99

Ce-150 Color Printer Casselte.$171.99 CE-161 16K RAM S134.99

HARD AUfiV

PC Stor CALL

PC-Oisc CALL

PC OlC-Stor ; CALL

PC Back-up,., CALL

EVEREX

Hard Drives CALL

Tape Back Up CALL

5 meg Ramovable/lmemal $1399.00

10 meg Fixed/iniernal $1249,00

15 meg 5 Removable/10 FixBd$2149.00 25 mag 5 Rsmovabla/SO FixedS2499.00

£-M=Crt-

10 meg Bernoulli Box $2149,00

20 meg Bernoulli Box $2799.00

■vRaiwSyslenns

10 meg Internal $699.00

#MUOUUt ncHNOioaiis COMM.TTTD TO l*lJtCff^

12, 25. 35. 50, BO meg |PC| from $1499.00

FLOPPY

INDUS

Apple GT "^_rrr $209.00

Atari GT $249.00

C-54 GT $259.00

A1,5 Apple $199.00

A2 Apple $199-00

SDl C-64 Single $269.00

SD2 C-64 Dual S4B9.00

■VRanaSyslenrtb

nana 1000 (Atari) $199.00

Elite 1 lAppla) $189.00

■■naan

320K 5W' (PC) -.$129,00

f/lODEIVlS

^INCHOR volksmodeni, $59,99

Voiksmodem XII $1 89,99

Mark IL Serial .,.,$79,99

Mark VII (Auto Ana/Auto Dial)....S99.99

Mark XII (1200 Baud) $259.00

®Hayes

Smanmodem 300 $199.00

SmanmocJem 1200 $389.00

Smartmodem 1200B ....$359,00

Smartmodem 2400 ,...$699.00

Micromodem lie .., $249.00

Smart Com II $89.99

Chronograph , $199.00

Reach 1200 Baud Hall Card.. .,$399.00

m«>miCf!OBITS

MPP-1000E AD/AA (Atari) $109,00

MPP-1064 AD/AA (C-64) 369,00

|Nqnation|B

Smart Cat Plus , $269.00

Smart Cat 103 $169.00

Smart Cat 103/212 $369,00

AutoCat $189,00

212 AutoCal II $499,00

Apple Cat II $229,00

212 Apple Cat ll„. $379,00

Apple Cat 212 Upgrade $229.00

Macmadem $319.00

TELELEARNINO

C64 300 Baud $49.99

CT-1 ^. $339.00

ZT-10 $309.00

ZT-1 1 $369.00

Z-22 Video Data Terminal $529.00

maxell.

5'/<" MD-1 $17,99

S'A" MD-2 $23,99

8" FO-1 $39,99

8" FD-2 $49,99

5%" SS/DD $21.99

5V." DS/DD $29.99

113

S'/<" Disk Head Cleaner $14.99

Elephant 5V4" SS/SD $14.99

Elephant 5'/<" SS/DD ST6.99

Elephant 5Va" DS/DD $19.99

Elephant EMSP S'A, $24.99

DISK HOLDERS

INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS

Flip-in-File 10 S3.99

Flip-in-File 50 $17.99

Flip-in-File 50 w/lock $24.99

Flip-in-File 1400/800 ROM) $17.99

AMARAY

50 Disk Tub $9.99

Alarj rz.....""" $39,99

C-64 $59.99

IBM $89.99

Apple/Franklin S79.99

o

p -

Super Skelch Pad (C-64) $39.99

Super Sketch Pad (Alan) $39 99

■Polaroid

Palelte $1399.00

MONITORS

300 Green $129.00

300 Amber $139.00

310 A/nber IBM-Plug $169.00

30O Color/Audio $Z39.0O

Color 500 Composite/aGB $389.00

Color SOO HI-Rbb (640x240) $399.00

Color 700 Hi-Res |720x240| $499.00

Color 710 Long Phosphor. .,.,.. $579.00

PRINTERS

l)i

BMC

9191U Color $179.00

12" Amber S69.99

12" Amber/Gfeen TTL (ea.) $119.00

NEC

JB 1260 Green S99.99

JB 1201 Green $129.00

JB 1205 Amber $129,00

JC 1215 Color $229.00

JC 1216 RGB $379.00

JC 1460 Color $269.00

JC 1410 RGB $669.00

PRINCETON

MAX-12 Amber ,..$189.00

HX-12 RGB $469.00

SR-12 RGB $629.00

Scan Dojbler Board $199.00

115 12" Green Mono $99.99

116 12" Amber Mono $99.99

121 Green TTL $139.00

122 Arabar TTL $149.00

210 Color RGB $239.00

400 Med-Hes RGB $299.00

410 Hi-Res RGB $339,00

420 Hi-Res RQB (IBM) $429.00

440 Ultra Hi-RBS RGB $589.00

8400 Ouadchramo $479.00

6410 Quadcnromo II $469.00

8420 Amberchrome _..,.. $179,00

2VM 122 Amber $89.99

ZVM 123 Green,,.,. $89.99

ZVM 124 IBM Amber $149.00

ZVM 131 Color $299.00

ZVM 133 RGB $429.00

ZVM 135 RGB/Color $459,00

ZVM 136 RQB/Color $599.00

Graphcard $79.99

Senall Card $99.99

Mjcrobufler lU S169.00

MiCfObuffer 32K $189.00

Micfofazer from $139.00

Efazer (Epson) (rom $79.99

HOronge micro

Grappler CD (C64) $99,99

Grappler -f (Apple) $89,99

Grappler 16K-f (Apple) $169.00

DIGITAL DEVICES

Ape Face (Aiari) $49.99

Uprint (Atari) $59.99

Upnnt (C-64) $59.99

Primer Buffer P-16 $79.99

mo miCROBITS

MB1150 Parallel (Atari) $79.99

MPP-1150 Parallel (Atari) $69.99

MP-1150XL (Atari 1200XL) $69.99

MicroSiuller 54K Print Buffer.., $109.00

ffu.iJSL'-r-x

AT-100 Atari tnierface Printer. ..S1S9. 00

AT-550 Atari Dual Mode $259.00

GP-100 Parallel Interface S189.00

GP-700 Atari Color Printer $489.00

QP-550 Parallel Printer $269.00

I^BMC

BX-80 Dot Matrix _ $229.00

#CITIZEN

MSP.IO (80 col) $349.00

MSP-15 (132 col) $539.00

MSP-20 (80 col.) $569.00

MSP-25 (132 col.) $729.00

crroH

Prowritar 7600 $219.00

Prowritor 8510P $299.00

Prownler 1550P $469.00

Son of Sianivriter A10P S459.00

Ho! Dot Matrix $459.00

F10-40P Starwritar $869.00

Fto-55 Printmaster St 049.00

ComWritertl Latter Quality $399.00

DIABLO

620 Letter Quality $749.00

630 API Letter Quality $1549.00

d^sywriter

2O0O $849.00

EPSON

RX-80, FX-80-f. LX-80, JX-80 CALL

FX-100-I-. RX-100, LQ1S00 CALL

Homewriier 10 CALL

aJUKr

StOO., $399.00

6300 $749.00

MAHNEShUNN TALLY

Spirit 80 $229.00

teOL $499.00

SEC

8027 Transportable $319,00

20ro;i 5/30/60 $699.00

3510/15/30 $1299.00

3550 IBM $1369.00

eStO/15/30 $1679.00

8850 IBM $1699.00

ELF 360/370 CALL

OKIDATA

82, 83, 84, 92, 93, 182,

2350, 2410, Ohimate-20 CALL

Okimate 10 (Specify C64/Aiari)$i99.00

OLYMPIA

Needlepoint Dot Matrix S329.00

Compact RO $399,00

Compact 2 $399.00

Panasonic

KX1090 $199.00

KXt091 $279.00

KX1092 S409.00

KX1093 $599,00

Quadiot ^^Z^. $749.00

Si» SityER-REED

400 Letter Quality $279.00

500 Letter Quality S329.00

550 Letter Quality S429.00

770 Letter Quality $779.00

SQ10 (120 ops) ,....$239.00

SG15 (120 cps) $399.00

SD10 (160 cps) $359.00

SD15 (160 Cps) $479.00

SR10 (200 cps) $499.00

SR15 (200 Cps) $639.00

Powenype Letter Quality $319.00

TOSHIBA

1340 (BO column) $599.00

1351 (132 column) $1259.00

PC COMPATIBLES

PC-150 Destttop CALL

PC-160 Portable CALL

2220 Dual Portable ..$1999,00

4220 Dual Desktop $1999.00

® SAIWVO

MBC 550-2 Single Drive $699.00

MBC 555-2 Dual Drive $969.00

MBC 775 Portable CALL

ATAT

Safari CALL

6300 CALL

corona

PPC22 Dual Portable $1599.00

PPCXTA 10 meg Portable $2799,00

PC40022 Dual Desktop $2199.00

NEC

pc-eaoo a/16 bii $129900

• Lotus

Symphony .,,$429,00

1-2-3 $299,00

Hayes

Please (Data Base) - $199.00

ivi'i "'I'guTriiHWjpT^-iTii- nrrrti ■

PaachPack {GL/AP/ARI $199.00

lllMcraPiD

WordStar 2000 $239.00

WordStar 2000-f $299.00

R:Base 4000 $249.00

Clout 2-0 $129.00

BSoItiMate

Multi Mate $249.00

ii^ii:»i:^«:-iLi,a

Crosstalk $89.99

MCfiOSOFT.

Fiighl Simulator $39.99

MultiPlan $129.00

^HTONTATCB

Framework $349,00

dBASE II $299.00

dBASE III $363,00

Professional Software

PC Plus/The Boss $249,00

synapse

File Manager.. „,. .."."...""■ $49.99

.F.LECTR0N1C ARTS-

Get Organized .,.,.$69.99

Cut -n- Pasta $39.99

Music Construction $29.99

One -on- One $29.99

Financial Cookbook $34.99

Electronic Desk $199.00

BBOfltAnO INIEHNaliaUAL

Turbo Pascal $39.99

Sideliick $39.99

sn

Open Access $379.00

^ I iai-viinl Software IrK".

Harvard Pro|ect Manager $209.00

Total Project Manager $269.00

V^'

IBM/APPLE

Access (WEW) $79,99

Write/Grapti/File (ea,) $79.99

Report $74.99

Plan .$79.99

Prool $59.99

Mac Software CALL

SSI Word Parlect , $239.00

Human Edge™

Communication Edge $99.99

Management Edge,,.,,,.. ,,$1 19,00

Negotiation Edge $139.00

■Sales Edge $1 19.00

IBM PC SYSTEMS Configured to your

specifications. Call for Best Price!

JNCTION CARDS

MAI $249,00

Six Pack Plus $239.00

Mega Plus II $269.00

I/O Plus II $139.00

Memory MBII $249,00

Advantage-AT $399.00

Preview Monograph $299,00

Graph Pak Mono/64K $599.00

MonoQraph Plus $399.00

5251/11 CALL

5261/12 $579.00

3780 $639.00

BSC $499.00

deei

IRMA 3270.... .....~, $899.00

IRfl(A Print $999.00

EaGL£

Color $199.00

Mono $149.00

EVEREX

Color Card (Graphics Edge) $299.00

Magic Card $199.00

Graphlcs,.?:?.l?5y-Li^ $319,00

Color, $169.00

n)E4$$oi3aics

IDEAmax - ZPR, 64K, C, S, P.$229,00

IDEAraini - YPR, C. S, P $189,00

IDEAminimax - MPR 12flK S229.O0

IDEAshare Sottvjare $219.00

IDEA 5251 $699.00

PARADISE

Modular Graphics Card ,..$279.00

Multi Display Card S299.0O

Five Pack C, S $159.00

PLANTRONICS

Color Plus $369.00

Captain - 64 $239.00

Captain Jr. 128K $339.00

Graptiics Master $469.00

Quadboard II $229.00

Expanded Quadboard $239.00

Quad 512 -h $249.00

Quad 2 Meg $879.00

Memory Board $229.00

QuadJr Exp. Chassis $539.00

QuadJr Exp. Memory $219.00

QuadMsmJr $229.00

Chronograph $89.99

Parallel Card $69,99

Quadcolor I $219,00

Quadgraph $37900

KEYBOAnOS

Keytiorics Keyboards 5150, 5151.

5161 Jr. 6149 Jr CALL

MEMORY CHIPS

4164 RAM Chips (ea.)$2.39

SpeedScript, you send a control code to the printer which backspaces and underlines after each character. But to Commodore 1525 or 801 printers, the code that most other printers understand as backspace is read as a command to enter graphics mode. Such conflicts are unavoidable, be- cause there are so many different printers and control codes.

Whether you're just getting started with printers or are moving on to advanced printing features, there are a few basic concepts you should under- stand. If you're having printer prob- lems, check this list to be sure you're familiar with each item. If you're not, invest some time exploring your computer, printer, software, and in- terface manuals to find a solution.

• ASCII (pronounced "AS- key"). American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A code that uses numbers from 0 to 127 to represent letters, numbers, punctua- tion symbols, and special control codes. Each code number consists of seven bits (binary digits). An eighth bit may be added for parity (see below). The first 32 ASCII numbers are control codes which can tell your printer to perform actions such as linefeeds, carriage returns, back- spaces, and vertical and horizontal tabs.

Commodore and Atari comput- ers use a slightly different form of ASCII which can cause translation problems with some interfaces and printers unless they are correctly configured.

• Baud rate. A measure of data transmission speeds, synonymous at lower speeds with bits per second. Computers can send data much fast- er than printers can produce images on paper. Consequently, the printer and interface must tell the computer to send data in bursts short enough for the printer to handle.

• Buffer. In a printer or inter- face, the memory area in which data is held after being sent from the computer. Printer buffers can be as small as one line of characters or range upward to thousands of bytes of data. If the buffer is large enough, it can hold all of the data you want to print, thus freeing the computer for other tasks while the printer goes about its work. The printer controls

40 COMPUTEI June 1 985

the speed at which the data leaves the buffer and is printed on the paper.

• Centronics-standard parallel connection. A printer interface which allows data to be sent along separate wires eight bits at a time in a parallel flow. Most printers use a parallel interface to receive data from the computer. Some comput- ers, however, must transmit data through a serial interface (see RS- 232'Standard serial connection). The Centronics interface, named after the printer company which popular- ized it, is the most common type of parallel interface on personal computers.

• Character set. The letters, numbers, and symbols which a printer or computer can produce. Note that many computers can dis- play characters which the printer cannot reproduce, and vice versa. Some printers are capable of print- ing foreign character sets when you change the DIP switch settings. (See DIP switches).

• Control codes. Nonprintable commands sent from the computer to a printer for special actions, such as backspacing, carriage returns, line- feeds, tabs, and margin settings.

• DIP switches (Dual In-line Package). Small switches located on a printer or interface which can con- trol a variety of options, such as baud rates, automatic/manual line- feeds, printing impression levels, in- ternational character sets, types of paper, form lengths, line spacing, and other parameters. Some printers and interfaces allow easy access to DIP switches, while others require you to take apart the case.

• Emulation. In terms of print- ers, a mode of operation which mi- mics another type of operation. For instance, some printer interfaces let a non-Commodore printer emulate a Commodore printer, allowing you to print the computer's special graphics symbols and reverse- video characters.

• Escape codes. Control code sequences which let you print cer- tain characters not included in ASCII codes, or which activate spe- cial printer features such as boldfac- ing, italics, expanded or condensed type, and so on. Escape sequences are preceded by the escape character, ASCII 27. These sequences can be

sent to the printer in BASIC from your computer keyboard, or by the application software (such as a word processor). For example, ESC H might represent a British pound sign, ESC P might turn on or off the proportional spacing option on your printer, and ESC BS may determine the amount of space between char- acters in backspacing.

• Firmware. Software perma- nently burned into a ROM chip (Read Only Memory) — a cross be- tween hardware and software. Printers contain firmware to control their printing options. Sometimes you can replace this chip with an- other to add more printing features.

• Parity. A way for your com- puter and printer to check the accu- racy of the data being sent. An extra bit is added to the end of a seven-bit ASCII code representing a particular character. The computer checks the extra bit to verify that the data was not scrambled during transmission.

• Proportional spacing. Many printers today can vary the spacing between characters, as typesetters do. Typewriters have fixed spacing between all letters. For example, proportional spacing allows more room for a capital M or W and less room for a lowercase i or 1.

• Protocol. All the rules and instructions controlling the way in which data is sent and received be- tween the computer and printer.

• RS-232-standard serial con- nection. A type of interface that transmits data along a single wire one bit at a time, or serially. Al- though most printers use a parallel interface to receive data from a com- puter, some computers and printers require a serial interface. When all other factors are equal, a serial inter- face is slower than a parallel inter- face— but this is rarely important with printers, whose speeds are de- termined by mechanical limitations anyway.

• Tractor-feed. A pair of cogged wheels and guide wires that helps continuous-form paper roll through a printer. Some computers have built-in tractors, and others offer them as options.

• Transparency. A mode of op- eration for printer interfaces in which serial data is changed to par- allel data without converting the original values of the data. ©

COMPUTE! BOOKS'

COMPUTEI'S

TELECOMPUTING

ON THE

CO»6Wra'« Kid* ceviin«m**fC

ard »C)r Edward H. Carlson

If you are acquainted with BASIC, ■you can easily write your own games and applications. Thirty- three sections are Included, with Instructor notes, lessons, assign- ments, and lively Illustrations to entertain and amuse you. Kids and the IBM PC and PCjr Is oiso a good tutor on programming your PC or PCjr thot will offer the iDest possible introduction to BASIC.

CO«'

Spc

3 \MMd Pmcamc:

: ore 44 crvd

Charles Brannon

SpeBdSaipt, the most popular program ever published by COMPUTEI Publications, is a commercial-quality word proces- sor for the expanded VIC and Commodore 64 computers. In- cluded are all the programs and documentation necessary for both versions of SpeedScript. In addition, we've Included source code and documentation about SpeedScript that tiave never been published before. For the price of the book, you get a commercial-quality word proces- sor— perhaps one of the best software bargains ever. Disk avail- able which includes programs in the book.

Edited

Now for the Commodore 64 and the Commodore 1 28, this collec- tion brings together some of the best games, applications, and utilities from COMPUTEI Publica- tions. All programs run on the M and the 128 running in 64-mod©. AddlttonQlly, there ore sections detailing the advanced special features of the powerful, new 1 28 computer. Disk available which Includes programs In the book.

Arian R. Levltan and Sheldon Leemon

Learn the Ins and outs of tele- computing on youf IBM PC or PCjr. From selecting a modem to evaluating terminal software. COMPUTBI's Telecomputing on the IBM wilt guide you through the steps in cleor, everyday larv guage. Getting online with a lo- cal bulletin board or an information service such as Dow Jones, The Source, or Compu- Serve is made eosy by the explanations offered in this book. There's a world of information available to you through your IBM, and COMPUTEI'S Tele- computing an the IBM wlU help get you online quicldy and easily.

Thomas E. Enright, Joan NIckerson, and Anne Wayman

This informative and easy-fo- understohd book shows the beginner how to use the Apple lie to communicate with other computers over the phone. Bul- letin boards and Informational ser- vices such as The Source, CompuServe, and Dow Jones are fully explored. Other useful infor- nratksn descriioes, in plain English, ever/thing a buyer needs to know before selecting a modem or telecommunications software for the lie.

Dan Gutman and Shay Addams

With hundreds of computer games available for every home computer, how's a gome enthu- siast to decide which ones to buy? The Greatest Games, writ- ten by the founders and editors of Computer Gomes magazine, has the answers. It contains lively. In-depth reviews of the 93 great- est computer games. Eighteen different types of games ore re- viewed, including role-playing gomes, graphic adventures, sports games, and classic arcade games. This Is a book every com- puter game lover will wont to own.

Christopher Flynn

A complete home apfjilcations system o( 25 integrated programs that truly put the speed and power of the PC or PCjr to work In the home. The system includes a spreadsheet appointment cal- endar, electronic filing system, groph creation programs, and much more. Each program is cleariy explained, well- documented, ond will run on the PC, with or without the Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter, as well as on any PCjr. Disk avail- able which Includes programs in

f/j© iDOOk.

These titles are available at your focal book or computer store, or you may order directly from COMPUTE! Books.

To order, call toll free 800-334-0868, or send your check or money order (Including $2.00 per book for stilpplng and handling) to COMPUTE! Books, P.O. Box 5058. Greensboro, NC 27403.

Webster Dines Out

Wolter Bulawo

Tired of blasting invaders from outer space? This whimsical game is set in a very different world — the miniature jungle in your own backyard. The orig- inal version was written for the Atari. We've added versions for Apple, TI, Commodore 64, VlC-20, and IBM PC and PCjr computers. A joystick is re- quired for the Atari and Commodore 64 versions.

Guide Webster, the hungry tree spi- der, in his endless search for a square meal. Roving back and forth across his tree limb, he watches for bugs to appear in the grass below. When the time is right, he drops down on a strand of silk for a light snack, then climbs back up his web to look for more.

Unfortunately, this backyard paradise isn't quite perfect. The more Webster eats, the faster the bugs move, making it harder to find the next meal. Even worse, he's not the only one with an appetite — there's a speedy scorpion sharing the same hunting ground, stealing bugs when he can and giving Web- ster a sting whenever he drops too close.

Atari Version

Program 1 — the Atari version of "Webster Dines Out" — will run on any Atari computer with at least 32K memory. Use the joystick to move Webster left or right at the top of the screen. When a bug passes below.

press the button to make him drop down.

Your goal is to score points as quickly as possible. Each bug is worth 25 points and you get 50 bo- nus points for snaring two bugs in a single drop. Webster has three lives in each game; getting stung by the scorpion costs you a life but does not reduce your score. The scorpion is a tough competitor: When Webster drops down, the scorpion speeds up to increase his chances of stealing a bug.

There are six skill levels, each harder than the last. As you advance to higher levels, the bugs and scor- pion speed up, the grass grows long- er, and a grey rock appears in the lawn. The other creatures hide be- hind these objects, but Webster can drop behind them too. The game ends when you lose all three lives or exhaust your time at the highest skill level.

Commodore 64 And VIC-20 Versions

Both Commodore versions of Web- ster Dines Out are scored like the Atari game — 25 points for each bug, with a 50 point bonus for capturing two at once. You begin with three lives, and lose one each time you collide with the scorpion.

The 64 version (Program 2) is played with a joystick in port 2. The bugs and scorpion move across a sloping, multicolored lawn; at high- er skill levels, colorful objects grow up to obscure your view of the ground. Play ends when your lives

June 1985

Looks like a Ferrari. Drives like aRolls. Parks like a Beetie.

CT ior Alari shown

Ask your computer dealer to let you test drive the all new Indus GT.™

The most advanced, most handsome disk drive in the world.

Flip its power switch and ... Turn your Atari into Ferrari. Unleash your Apple. And now turbocharge your Commodore.

Looks like a Ferrari.

The Indus GT is only 2.65" high. But under its front-loading front end is slimline engineering with a distinctive European-Cran flair.

Engaging its AccuTouch™ buttons lets you control the LED-lit CommandPost™ Marvel at how responsive it makes every Commodore, Apple and Atari personal computer.

Drives like a Rolls.

Nestled into its soundproofed chassis is the quietest and most powerful disk drive system money can buy. At top speed, it's virtually inaudible, ..whisper quiet.

Built into each Indus GT is a perfect combination of craftsmanship and advanced engineering. Luxurious styling reflects the personal tastes of each GT owner.

♦Included as standard equipment. For dealer mformation, call (816)882-9600.

©1985 Indus Systems, 9304 Deering Avenue, Chatsworth, CA 91311. ThelndusGTisaproductof Indus Systems. Atari isa registered trademark of Atari, Inc. Apple isa registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Commodore is a registered trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Inc.

And each GT comes with the exclusive CT DrivingSystem™ of software programs.* World- class word processing is a breeze with the CT Estate WordProcessor™ Your dealer will describe the two additional programs that allow GT owners to accelerate their computer driving skills.

Also, the Indus GT is covered with the GT PortaCase™ A stylish case that conveniently doubles as a 80-disk storage file,*

Parks like a Beetle.

The GT's small, sleek, condensed size makes it easy to park.

A WarrantyPlus™ package is included with every Indus GT, featuring full year parts and labor on the complete drive train.

Drive home a winner and park an Indus GT next to your personal computer.

INDUS

The all-new Indus GT Disk Drive.

The most advanced, most handsome disk drive in the world.

BUY THE BEST- BEST-SELLING ITLES FROM COMPUTE! BOOKS

We offer you six best-selling books designed especially for your Inome, educational, and recreationaf computing.

Each book is filled with step-by-step instructions, helpful tutorials, and creative hands-on applications. COMPUTEI

books are carefully written so that any computer user can easily understand and enjoy them to the fullest.

This industry-leading selection includes:

The Second Book of Mochlno Languog«

Richard Mansfield $14.95

The follow-up to the best-sefling Machine Language for Beginners, this book shows how to construct significant, effective machine tan- gucg© progroms. It includes a high-speed, professionaf-quality, label-based assembler, and every- thing that's needed for optimized programming on the Commodore 64, Apple, Atari, VIC-20, and PET/CBM computers.

COMPUTEI'* Third Book of Commodofo 64

Edited $12.95

The third In a collection of Infor- mative, entertaining, ond educa- tional games, oppllcatlons, tutoriais, and utilities for Com- modore 64 users,

MAPPING

THE

Commodoie

64

loi bvfiiiivnmg and ■Kivaninni [Wisgiomnien di ConntiMiiit- fi4 peine ndi fcmpjlvi

Ru^^teja i**m«i

1
i-- 1 COMPUTE[*s	-^

COMPUtB'* Commodore Colloctton, Volume 2

Edited $12.95

This second volume In COMPUTEi's Commodore Collection series in- cfudes exciting games, sophis- ticated applications, versatile educational routines, ond helpful progrommfng aids for VIC-20 and Commodore 64 owners.

EDsaa

-Tc'M^ii''.' f^Scwci

■a fTO-;it' t->?TTVT^,g ,-

COMPUTEI'S FIrct Book of Apple

Edited $12.95

A collection of 35 exciting games,

educational programs, home

applications, and graphics

routines for owners of Apple II, lie,

and lie computers.

Mopping ttie Commodore 64

Sheldon Leemon $14.95

An excellent and comprehensive memory mop and programming guide for intermediate to ad- vanced programmers,

COMPUTEi's

Machine Language

Routines

for tin

Commodore 64

leiMi. uiia TQM rMiaiiil ii H ^m awn

COrvlPUTEI's

First Book of

Apple

toea, u*hJ home Qpotcoltar^ and tQcf*- Aj3p4elin+.lle. qrtdllccomxilen

COMPUTEI't Machine Language Routine* for ttw Commodore 64

Edited $14.95

Complete machine language programs and easy-to-use routines you can learn from and use in your own programming.

You'll find these and other best-selling titles from COMPUTE! Books at a store near you listed in the folfowing pages. Visit one of these stores today to find COMPUTE! books, the best in personal

computer publications,

COMPUTE! Publicationsjnc.®

One 01 the ABC PuCHishinQ Companies ^^^P

324 W, WiBfidover Avefiue. Surte 200 Greeraljoto. NC 27403. 5W.275.98W

^uOMrwt o* COWRJTcV COWPUIPl Ga»tl« CO^MTi'l Go»tt» Ofc. COWPUTEi Bookl. ana COW\iT£> t AcDis AppfcortMl*

Look for COMPUTE! Books

of the following sfores.

Alabama

Madison Books ond Computers

Madison Moil

8006-5 Madison PJ<e

Modison. AL 35753

Artuna

Books Etc.

901 S. Mill Ave.

Tempe. AZ 85281

Callfomlo

Aztec Shops. Ltd.

Son Diego State University

San Diego. CA 92! 82

Associates Students UCLA

General Book Dept.

308 Westwood Plaza

Los Angeles. CA 90024

Bookmania

25590 Seaboard lane

Havword. CA 94545

Computer Literacy

520 Lowrence Expressway #310

Sunnyvole, CA 94086

M, T. S- Inc.

Tower Books Div

7830 Mocy Plaza Dr.

Citrus Heights. CA 95410

M, T. S, Inc.

Tower Books #1 4

2536 Watt Ave.

Sacto, CA 95821

University Bookstore, QOOB

University o( California. San Diego

La Jollo, CA 92093

(619)452-3149

University Bookstore

University Avenue East

P.O. Box 5800

Riverside, CA 92507

University Bookstore

University Center

University of California

Irvine. CA 92717

(714)856-7412

Polomor College Bookstore

1140 W. Mission

Son Marcos, CA 92069

Titan Bookstore

4999 Cosa Loma Ave.

YortM LIndo. CA 92666

Connactfcut

Klein's of Westport

44-50 Main Street

Westpoft, CI 06BB0

UConn Co-op

61 FoirtlBld Road

Storrs, CT 06268

Dalawar*

Castle Video, Inc

27 Chestnut Hill Plaza

Nework.DE 19713

McMahon's

101 Chnstiona Mall

Nework. DE 19702

Encore *8122

Talleyville SC

Silverside Rd,, Rt, 202

Wilmington, DE 19810

DIttrlcl ot Columbia

Reiter's Scientific and Professional

Books

21 20 Pennsylvanka Ave., N. W.

Washington. DC 20037

Florida

Paperback Booksmlth

400 NortniQke Blvd.

f^orth Palm Beach, FL 33408

DuBeys News Center IISS. Monro© Street Tallohossee. FL 32301 The Sook Nook 4345-2 University Blvd. S, Jacksonville, FL 32216 Book Trek

3734 Blanding Blvd. Jacksonville, FL 32210 Monocie Book Stoi-e Tamp Inf AP. Tampa. FL 33607

Georgia

Oxford Books Inc.

2345 Peachtree Rd.. N.£.

Aflcnta, SA 30305

Havrall

Honolulu Book Stops, ltd,

287 Kollhi Street

Honolulu, HI 96819

llllnoto

Krochs S. Brentonas

1028 Lake St,

Oak Pork, IL603C1

Krochs & Brentonas

J-6 Evergreen Plaza

Evergreen Pork. IL 60642

Krochs 8c Brentonos

18 River Ooks Center

Cclumet City, IL 60409

Krochs & Brentonos

159 Lincoln Moll

Motteson. IL 60443

Krochs 8i Brentonos

E-108 Cherry Vole Mall

RockfOfd.lL 61112

Krochs & Brentonos

Rondhurst S/C

999 Elmhurst Rd.

Mt, Prospect, IL 60056

Krochs & Brentonos

2284 Fox Volley Center

Auroro, IL 60505

Krochs & Brentonos

100 Orlond Square

Orland Pork. IL 60462

Krochs & Brentanos

U11 Sherman Ave.

Evonston, iL 60201

Krochs & Brentanos

36 Old Orchard Ctr.. N. Mall

Skokie. iL 60077

Krochs & Srentanos

80 Ookbtook Cti.

OokBrook. IL 60521

Krochs 8i Brentanos

106 Howthotne Ctr.

Vernon Hills. IL 60061

Krochs St Brentanos

J-108 Wood field Mall

Schoumburg, IL 601 95

Krochs 8t Brentanos

516 N. Michigan Ave,

Chicago, IL 6061 1

Krochs 8i Brentanos

836 N. Michigan Ave,

45th Floor Wotei Tower Plozo

Chicago, IL 60611

Krochs 8i Brentanos

IDS W. Jackson

Chicago. IL 60604

Krochs &. Brentanos

29 S, Wobosh

Chicago. IL 606O3

Indiana

Von's Bookshop Computer

Center

315 W, State St.

W. Lofayette. IN 47906

Book World

192 University Park Moll

Mishawaka, IN 46545

louMana

SoundTrek Audio'

5703 Reod Blvd.

New Orleans, LA 70127

SoundTrek Audio

4420 1-10 Service Rd,

Metarle, LA 7000)

SoundTrek Audio

400 Lapoico Blvd.

Gretna, LA 77053

Morytand

R. W Electronics & Computer

Ctr.

8070 A Jumpers Mall

Posodeno. MD21122

Collins Brothers Enterprises

Computer Comer

29 N. Potomac St.

Hagerstown. MD 21 740

Rockvlile Sales

11807 lldewood Rd.

Silver Spnng. MD 20906

Softwore Store

e42-A Rockvlile Pike

Rockvlile, MD 20852

Software Store

7315 Wisconsin Ave

Bethesda. MD 20814

Maryland Book Exchonge

4500 College Ave.

College Pork. MO 20740

Mauachusattl

Boston Univ. Bookstore

660 Beacon Street

Boston. MA 0221 S

IVortheostem University Bookstore

360 Huntington Avenue

Boston, MA 021 15

Michigan

Chi Town Records

228 State St.

Oscoda. Ml 48750

I. O. Software '

3600 South Dort Hwy,

Flint, Ml 48507

Little Professor Book Center 8387 W. Grand River Brighton, Ml 48116 Little Professor Book Center 22174 Michigan Avenue Deartxsm, Ml 48124 Little Professor Book Canter 371 15 Grand River Formington, Ml 48024

Merit Books'

22425 Kelly Rood

Eost Detroit, Ml 48021

Metro News

6608 Telegroph

Birmingham, Ml 4801 0

Town Center Bookstore

3000 Town Center

Southfleld, Ml 48075

Hvw Hampihlra

Marjen Books. Irtc cKm

Paperbock Booksmith/Musies/fiith

Newington Moll

Portsmouth, NH 03801

The Colonial Bookshoope

Upper Valley Plaza

West Lebanon, NH 03784

N«w Jtnvy

Village Computer & Software

Center

Morris County Moll

RidgeOQie 8i Hanover Aves.

Cedar Knolls. NJ 07927

Encore Books #81 04

The Matltet Pkjce SC

1990 MorttonPike

Cheriv Hill, NJ 08003

Encore Books #81 1 7

Eagle Plaza SC

34 Benin Rd.

Voorhees, NJ 08043

Encore *B121

Village at Taunton Forge

Tucksrton Teuton Rds.

Medtord. NJ 08055

The Princeton University Store

36 University Place

Princeton, NJ 08540

The Program Store

l?t. 35 8i Wycoff Rood

Monmouth MoR

Eatontown, NJ 07724

The Program Store

1344 Willowbrook Mall

Woyne, NJ 07470

Naw York

Software City

1 34 Village Landing Fairport. NY 14450 Village Green Bookstore 766 Monroe Ave. Rochester, NV 14607 McGraw Hill Bookstore

1 35 W. 48th St New York. NY 10020 Book Revue 31 3 New Yoi1< Ave. Huntington, NY 11743 Macy's Book Dept. Herold Square New York. NY 10001 North Carolina The Book Collection Inc. 1 1 7 North Greene St. Greensboro. NC 27410

News & f^tovels

West Market St. Center

Greensboro, NC 27407

Wills Books

Friendly Shopping Center

Greensboro. NC 27401

Wills Books

Four Seosons Mall

Greensboro, NC 27403

Otilo

Wit & wisdom. Inc. dba Booksellers 24031 Chogrin Blvd. Beachwood. OH 44122

Barnes Si Noble Bookstore. Inc,

dba Cleveland Slote Univ.

2400 EucikJ Avenue

Ctevelond, OH44115

The Inside Story

8535 Tanglewood Mall

Chagrin Falls, OH 44022

Bookstore at the University of

Akron

Barnes & Noble

303 E- Corroll St-

Akron, Ohio 44325

CuyohOQO Community College

Western Compus Book Center

1 1000 Pleasant Valley Rood

Pormo, OH 44130

University Bookstore

Bowling Green State University

Bowling Green, OH 43403

Oregon

Book Vault

Bernard's Mall

3125 S.W. Cedar Hills Blvd.

Beoverton, OR 97005

Peniuylvanfa

Computer Comer Bazaar of oil Nations Store #201 Baltimore Pork Clifton Hts,, PA 19018 Encore Books #8101 1413 Walnut St. PhikJdelpfila. PA 19102 Encore Books #8103 205 Soutn 38th St, Penn Campus Philadelphia. PA 19104 Encore Books #8107 609 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, PA 19106 Encore Books #8112 34 South 1 7th St. United Engineers BIdg. Philadelphio, PA 19103 Encore Books #8115 Chestnut Hill/Top of Hill 55 Bethlehem Kke PhilQdelphlo, PA 19118 •Encore Books #8118 Cottmon Bustleton SC 2119Cottman Ave. Philadelphia, PA 19149 Encore Books #81 19 Tremont Shopping Center 2536-38 Welsh Rood Philadelphio, PA 19152 Encore Books #8105 205 West Lancaster Wayne, PA 19067 Encore Books #8106 457 Germantown Pike Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462 Encore Books #S1 08 23 ManoQ Shopping Center Eogle Rd. West Chester Pk. Hovertown, PA 1 9083 Encore Books #81 09 Ardmore West SC 139 W. Lancaster Ave. Ardmore. PA 19003

Encore Books #81 15 Medio Shipping Center 519 Baltimore Pike Media, PA 19063 Encore Books #110 455 OW York Rd. Jenklntown. PA 19046 Encore Books #8111 Lawrence Park SC Rt. 302 at Lawrence Rd. BfOomolLPA 19008 Encore Books #81 16 Hompton Sq. Stiop Ctr. Second Street Pike Southomptofi, PA 1 8966 Encore Books #8120 Gotewoy Shopping Ctr. Rt. 202 S. Valley Fotge Rd. \Atayne, PA 19087

South Carolina

Hoppy Bookseller 34 Richland Moll Columbia, SC 29204

Taxai

Taylors #1

5455 Beltilne Rd.

Dallas, TX 75240

Taylors »2

4001 Northwest Pkwy.

Dallas, TX 7522S

Toylors #3

254 Lincoln Square

Shopping Center

Amngton. TX 7601 1

Toylo/s #4

6346 Camp Bowie Blvd.

Ft. Vtorth, TX 761 16

Fort Worth Book & Video

4O0 Moln

Fort Worth, TX 76102

VIdeoland

2131 N. Town Eost Blvd.

Wesquite, TX 75150

VIdeoland

6827 Green Oaks Road

Ft, Worth. TX 76116

Videolond

4750 FM 1960

Houston, TX 77069

VIdeoland

7080 SW Fwy-

Houston, TX 77074

Babbages

Town & Country MoB

600 W. Belt

Houston, TX 77024

Babbages

7925 West FM 1960

1536 Wlliowbroc* Mall

Houston, TX 77070

Babbages

Baybraok Square

1 369 West Boy Area Blvd.

Houston, TX 7759B

Bobboges

1 70 Greenspoint Mai

Houston, TX 77060

Bobboges

1000 West Oaks Moo

Houston, TX 77082

VIdeoland

13340 Preston Rd.

Dollas. TX 75240

Babbages

NorthparV Mall

455 NorthPark Center

Dallas. TX 75225

Babbages

2228 Volley View htoll

Dallas, TX 75240

Federated/Superstore #3240

12002 SW. Freeway

Meadows. TX 77477

Federated/Superstore #2110

19801 Gulf Freeway

Webster, TX 77948

Federated/Superstore #1 101

lOO Cypress Wood

Spring, TX 77388

Babbages

1130 Collin Creek Mall

81 1 North Central Expressway

Piano, TX 75075

Babbages

2060 Tovm East Ivtall

Mesqurte, TX 75150

Babbages

2064 Northeast Mall

Hurst, TX 76053

Babbages

243 Hulen Moll

4800 South Hulen Street

Ft. Worth. TX 76132

Bobboges

3843 Irving Mali

Irving, TX 75062

Virginia

Crest Books Towncenter

1 1 6 Harry Flixxj Byrd Highway

Sterling, VA 22170

Words Comer Book Shop. Inc.

7524 Granby Street

ftortolk, VA 23505

Softvirare Store (Vienna)

8601 Westwood Ctr. Dr,

Vienna. VA 22180

Wathlnglon

The Programs Plus 16850 S. Center Pkwy. Seottle.WA 98168

are used up or time runs out at the

last skill level.

The VIC-20 version of Webster Dines Out is written in machine lan- guage (ML) for the unexpanded VIC. Program 3 is a BASIC loader that saves the ML program on disk or tape. Since the loader won't fit in an unexpanded VIC, you'll need at least 8K memory expansion to run it (a Commodore 64 can also be used; see instructions below). Type in and save Program 3, but don't try to run it yet. Enter this line in direct mode (without a line number):

POKE6609,0:POKE43,209:POKE44,25: NEW

Now reload Program 3 and run it. Press D to save the game on disk, or T to save it on tape. The finished program will be named WEBSTER (replacing any other program of that name on your disk). If you don't have memory expansion, you can use a Commodore 64 to create the VIC game (of course, the game itself runs only on a VIC). To run the loader on a 64, change the 57809 to 57812, and 63109 to 62957 in lines 9-11 of Program 3. Then follow the procedure described above.

Once the game is saved, re- move any memory expansion and load and run it like a BASIC pro- gram. Move Webster with the < and > keys, and drop him down by pressing the space bar. As you pro- gress to higher skill levels, the speed increases, and rocks appear below, blocking your vision. You can snare bugs from behind the rocks, but be careful not to drop onto a hidden scorpion. Play continues until you lose all three lives.

IBM Version

Program 4 runs on any PCjr with cartridge BASIC and any IBM PC with BASICA and a color/graphics adapter card. Press the left and right cursor keys to move Webster, and the space bar to drop.

Webster's lifeline is displayed at the top of the screen. When you drop to get a bug, your energy level is drained and your lifeline shrinks. Capturing a bug restores your ener- gy and expands your lifeline. You'll score 10 points for catching a beetle, and 20 for each bug, with bonus points for multiple captures. Extra bonus points are awarded at the 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 point marks. As your score increases, the

46 COMPUTEI June 1985

bugs speed up and become more scarce; your energy will drain faster, too. The game ends when you hit the scorpion or your energy drains to zero.

Apple Version

This version of Webster Dines Out will run on any Apple II series com- puter. Since it's written entirely in machine language (ML), it must be entered using the "Apple MLX" ma- chine language editor found else- where in this issue. MLX will greatly simplify the usually tedious job of accurately entering the many num- bers that make up a ML program. But be sure that you read the MLX article and understand how to use MLX before you begin entering the data from Program 5.

When you run MLX, it will ask for a starting and ending address. Use the values indicated in Program 5:

START ADDRESS? END ADDRESS?

1100 1F14

MLX will then give you a menu of options. Choose E for enter and give 1100 as the starting address. A prompt for the first line will appear, and you can begin entering the data from Program 5. If you don't type the entire listing in one sitting, fol- low the instructions in the MLX arti- cle for saving a partially complete version and reloading it later. When you're finished typing, MLX will prompt you for a filename for the completed machine language pro- gram. To load and run the game, simply type BRUN"WEBSTER" (or whatever name you used for the completed program) and press RETURN.

The scoring is identical to the Atari version. Use the left and right arrow keys to move on the branch, and press the space bar to drop to the ground. Avoid colliding with the giant grasshopper — when that hap- pens, Webster loses a life (and is carried bodily off the screen). The grass in the lawn grows higher as the game progresses, making your job more difficult. You can drop into the grass to snare a hidden bug, but be sure to keep track of the giant hopper, who might be lurking there as well.

Tl Version

This version of Webster (Program 6) uses sprites for the spider, bugs, and

scorpion, and thus requires TI Ex- tended BASIC, You can use either joystick or keyboard controls. For the keyboard, press the S key to move left, the D key to move right, and the space bar to make Webster drop. Scoring is identical to the Atari version; You have three lives in each game, and six possible levels. Bugs are worth 25 points, with a 50 point bonus for catching two at once.

At the bottom of the screen you'll see Webster's lifeline. Drop- ping for a bug drains your energy and shrinks the lifeline; catching a bug restores your energy to normal. You lose a life whenever your ener- gy drains to zero or you hit the scorpion. The game will not end until you lose all three lives.

Growing grass aiid grey rocks make it tough for Webster to find a meal in Atari "Webster Dines Out."

Program 1 : Webster Dines Out For Atari

Please refer to "COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing in Programs" Ijefore entering this listing.

KI 10	GOSUB 7000
U 20	GOSUB 7 100
Lfl30	GOSUB 7600
DO 50	LEVEL=LEVEL+1
CL 30	DN LEVEL SDSUB 85, 1000
	0, 10100, 10 200, 10 300, 10
	400, 19000
PLS5	POKE 656,2:P0KE i57,B:
	? LEVEL
LH 90	POKE 53248, XROS: PD0« (V
	PDS, YPOS+LEN (SPIDER*) )
	=SPIDER*
PO 98	CaUNTER=0
DP 99	REM »«t MftlN LOOP STAR
	T «»»
U 10£	S=STICK (0)
K iie	XP0S=XP0S+4t(S=7)-4«(
	8=1 1 )
OC 14A	IF XPQS>XMAX THEN XPO
	S=XMAX
NO 146	IF XPOS<XMIN THEN XPO
	S-XMIN

A ATARI

Atari Inc. has cut all hardware and software prices. Please call for latest

priC6S! ATAPfi .sa[far;e-narno'ATAfll INC

SUPERPRIfJTER PACKAGES

Panasonic 1091 and U-Print A 364

Panasonic 1090 and U-Print A 279

Legend 880 and U-Prrnt A , . 309

Prowriter and U-Print A 385

SG-10 Printer and U-Print A 313

Citoh 7500AP and U-Print A 292

SD-IOand U-Print A 449

No additional shipping or charge card surcharges in Cora USA

MOSAIC INDUS GT

48K RAM 79.95 for Atari 229

ATARI MODEM SPECIAL

Hayes 300 &

R-Verter 239

64KRAM/'100 .. 134.95 e-lK RAM/800 + Cable

Kit#1 144.95

64K Expander lor

600 XL 99,95

ATARI INTERFACES

Aid Interlast I Call

U-Print A 64.95

R-Verter Modem

Adapt 39.95

MPP1150 Call

MPP lOOOE

Modem 109

U-PRINT BUFFERED

INTERFACE

tor Atari Call

ATARI SOFTWARE

BRODERBUND

Bank Slreei Wnler-O 49 95

Loderunner-O 23.95

Spelunker-D 20.95

Stelth-D 20.95

Print Shop-D 34.95

Serpenl's Siar-D , , . 2795 Prinl Shop Paper .... 16.95

DATASOFT

Bruce Lee-O'T 23.95

Corsan Ihe Barbarian-

D.T 27.95

Mr. Doo-D/T 27.95

Allernale Reality-D . . . 27.95

Letler'Speil Wiiard-D 54.95

ELECTRONIC ARTS

Archon-D 29.95

Pinball Consiruclion-D 29.95

M.U.L.E.-D 29.95

Murder/Zinderneul-D 29.95

One on Onc-0 29.95

Archon ti-D 29.95

Financial Cookboot-D 37.95

Music Construction-D 29.95

Realfn/lmpossit)ility-D 29.95

Hard Hal Mack-D , . . 29.95

EPYX

Ballbiazer-O 27.95

fleturn to FractuluS-D 27.95

INFOCOM

Deadline-O 29.95

Enchanter-D 23.95

Planetfali-D 24.95

Sorcerer-D 29.95

Witness-D 29.95

Cutthroats-O 24.95

Suspect-D 24,95

Hilchiker-D 24,95

Zorkl-O 24.95

Zorkll or lll-O 27.95

MICROPROSE

F-1 5 Strike Eagle-D 23,95

Crusade in Europe-D .27.95

Decision in Desert-0 27.95

Kennedy Approach-D 23,95

MISCELLANEOUS ATARI

SlarLeag, Basebail-D/T 23.95

Star Bowl Foolball-Dff 23.95

Master Type-D/Cai1 . 27.95

Flight Simulalor ll-D . 37.95

S,A,M.-D 41,95

Megalont-D 19 95

Monkey Wrench ll-Cart 29,95

Ultima lll-D 41.95

Miner 2049er-Cart , , . . 9.95

Beachhead-M , , 23,95

Spy vs. Spy-0 . ... 23.95

MPP Modern Driver-D 19.95

Net Worth-D 54.95

MISC. A1ARI (cont'd.)

Omnilrend Universe-0 69.95 Adventure Writer* , 27,95 MMGComptler-D .. .69.95 Summer Games-D ... 27,95

Pitstopll-D 27,95

Ullima l-D 23.95

Ultima ll-D 41,95

Letter PerfecuSpell-D 49.95

Ultima IV-D 41.95

Raid Over Moscow-D 27.95 MicJD-Leag. BasePalt-D 29,95

Paper Clip-0 59.95

Home PalcD 37.95

Bounty Bob Strikes

Back-Cart 34,95

B-Graph-D 49.95

Halley Project-D 29.95

Astral Rift-D 27.95

Back to Basic

Accounting-D Call

Data Psrfecl-D 49,95

QBerl-Cart 24.95

Popeye-Cart 24.95

Siar Wars-Cart 24,95

OPTIMIZED SYSTEMS

Action-Cart

Basic XL-Cart

MA&65-Carl

MAC/65 Tool Kit-D , . Action Tool Kil-D ... Writer s Tool-Cart . . .

SSI

Carrier Force-0

Combat Leai)er-D/T , Cosmic Balance ll-D , Cosmic Balance-D , , .

Broadsides-D

War in Russia-D . . . 50 Mission Cfush-0

Gueslron-D

Rails West-D

Computer Ambush-D Computer Baseball-D Breakthrough

Ardennes-D

Field of Fire-D

Imperial Galactian-0 , Comp. Quarterback-D Oper. Marlffit Garden-D Kamptgrupee-D

SYNAPSE

Synttie-D

Syncaic-D

Syntrend-D

Synchron-D

Syncomm-D

Synstock-D

Helaj-0

Slue Max 2001 -D , ,.

69,95 54 95 69 95 27 95 27 95 69 95

41,95 27 95 27,95 27.95 27.95 55.95 27.95 34.95 27.95 41.95 27.95

41 95 27.95 27.95 27.95 34,95 4t,95

34,95 34.95 34,95 27 95 27 95 27,95 79,95 2395

^

GENERAL HARDWARE

.IL

SG-10

SG-IS Please [tali

SD-10 For

SD-15 Currsnt

SR-10 Prices

SR-15 ■•■,

Powertype

P.O. the Part) Quiz . 19 95 For Apple, C-64 & Atari

PRINTER BUFFERS

Microfazer Call

MPP MiCfo Stutter 124.95

U-Pfint-16K 84,94

U-Pfint-32K Call

U-Pfint-64K Buffer , Call

MODEMS

Volksmodem 300 59

Volksmodera 1200 , . , , 189

Hayes 120O Call

Hayes 300 195

Micromodem HE ,.,,,, Call Novation Call

PRINTERS

Citoh 8SIOAP 309

Legend 1080 259

Citoh 7500AP ,,219

Epson Call

Toshiba 1351 Call

Toshiba 1340 649

Legend S30 229

Legend 1080 259

Panasonic 1090 209

Panasonic 1091 2B5

Panasonic 1092 419

APPLE

BRODERBUND

PflntShop-D 33,95

Karateka-D 21 ,95

Champ Loderunner-D 2195

BankSlreetWriler-0 44,95

Print Shop Gfaphics-O 17 95

Daule Draw 39,95

ELECTRONIC ARTS

Skytox

One on One

Seven Cities,'Gold , ,

Archon II

Adv Conlruction Kit

29.95 29,95. 29 95 29 95 37.95

INFOCOM
Hitchiker	. . 25.95
Zork 1, II or III ..,,	. . 25,95
Enchanter	, , 25-95
Deadline	. . 33.95
SSI
Gemstone Warrior .	,, 21,95
Kamptgruppe	. . 39,95
Phanlasie	. , 25.95
Questron	. . 33,95

APPLE ENTERTAINMENT

Ghostbusters . 25,95

Flight Simulator II 34 95

F-15 Strike Eagle 21,95

Summer Games 25,95

Micro League Baseball 29,95

Star League Baseball 23 95

Wiiardry/Pfoving , 33 95

Ultima III 39 95

Bfuce Lee 25 95

Millionaire 33.95

Dealh/Carribean 21,95

Felony 21 95

Conan 25,95

Sargon III 33 95

APPLE BUSINESS

Dollars S Sense 64 95

PFSFite 79,95

PFS Write 79,95

PFS Report 79,95

Multlplan , , , - 64 95

Supercalclll 124,95

Sideways 39,95

Crosstalk 129,95

Jane VffMouse , 129,95

BPI Software Call

APPLE EDUCATION

Mastertype 25,95 Homeword 44,95

Build-A-Book 25,95

Typing Tutor III 33.95

Success w/Hath , ,, , 19,95

Newsroom 33,95

Charlie Brown ABC 25,95

Math Blaster 33.95

tWofd Attack 33.95

Winnie the Pooh ... 25 95

Animation Station 59 95

Koala PaC 73 95

EST. 1S8Z

PC Box 17882. Milwaukee. Wl 53217

ORDER UNES OPEN

Mon-Fri 11 a.in. - 7 p.m. EST • Sat, \2 p.m. - 5 p.m, CST

To Order Call Toll Free

800-558-0003

For Technical Info, Order Inquiries, or for Wise. Orders

414-351-2007

ORDERING INFORMATION: Pease specify system For last delivery send cashier's check, money orderor direct bank IranstSfs. Personal and company (hecks allow 2 weeks to clear Charges for COD are S3 00, School Purchase Orders welcome. In CONTINENTAL USA, include S3 00 shipping per software order. Include 3% shipping on all Hardware orders, minimum S3.00, Mastercard 4 Visa please include card # and expiraBon date, Wl residents please add 5% sales tax. HI, AK, FPO, APO, Canadian orders — add 5% shipping, rainmum S5,00, All other foreign orders, please add 15% shipping, minimum S10.00 All goods afe new and Include factory warranty. Due to our low prices, all sales are final. All detective returns must have a return authonza- lion number. Please call 414-351-2007 to obtain an RA* or your return wiil NOT be accepted lor replacement or repair. Prices and availability are subject to change without notice.

COMMODORE 64::

SUPER PRINTER PACKAGES

Panasonic 1091 and Cardco G + 364

Panasonic 1090 and Cardco G-f 295

Legend 880 and Cardco G -i- 309

Prowriter and Cardco G-f 389

SG-10 and Cardco G-f 319

MODEMS C-64 MODEM Westridpe AA:'AD 59,95 SPECIAL Total Tele Modem 49.95 WestriiJgB IVIodem + VIP MiQfity Mo 59.95 Terminal at 99

Total |y|oiJeni + VIP Terminal 84

IVIighty fi^o + VIP Terminal 93

Animation Station

for c-64 59.95

1660 Modem

INDUS

Indus GT lof C-64

49.95

239

PRINTER INTERFACES

Axiom Call

U-Prinl-C 64.95

Cardco G + ... 69.95 Turboprint GT , . , 69,95 (wlW-3 Call

CALL FOR LATEST PRICES ON C-e4 i C-12B HARDWARE.

COMMODORE SOFTWARE

ACCESS
Beachhead-DT	23.95
aaid'Moscow-0/T . .	27.95
Scrolls ol Abadon-D/T	23,95
iVIach ll-Carl	23.95
eeachead ll-D	27.95
BATTERIES INCUJDED
Consuliant-D	64,95
Paperclip W'Spellpak-D	79,95
Super Busscard II , .	. Call
Honne Organizer Hems-O	16.95
B.I 60 Card ,,,,,,	. . Call
Cal-Kil	34,95
Home Pak-0	37,95
Cardco
Cardprini/B	47,95
Cassette Recorder , ,	37,95
Write Now-Cart . , . .	34 95
File Now-0	29 95
Graph Now-D	29,95
Spell Now-0	29.95
COMMODORE
Easy Caic-D	34,96
Easy Wail-D	19,95
Easy Scripl-D	44 95
Easy Spell -0	,19.95
	49,95
The Manager-D , , ,	34.95
General Lsdger-D . .	34.95
Accts, Rec-O	34.95
Accts. Pay-D	34.95
tragic Desk-D	39.95
Suspend-0	29.95
Starcross-D	29,95
Deadlins-D	29,95
I^agic Voice	54 95
Soccer-Cart	22 95
Cutlhroats-D	29.95
The Suspecl-D	29-95
Inveniory Man-D , . ,	34.95
Simon's Basic-Cart ,	29.95
DATASOFT
ConarBarbarian-D/T	27,95
Bruce Lee-DT	27 95
Lost Tomb-OiT	23,95
Allernale Heahty-D/T	27 95
ELECTRONIC ARTS
f^all Order fiAonster-D	29,95
AAentute ConstrucSon-C	37.95
Racing Destryction-D	29,95
Standing Stones-D .	29,95
Skyfox-D	29,95
See Atari Section tor resi of
items and prices.
EPYX
Ballblazer-D	27,95
Rescuei'Fractulus-D	27.95
F.B,I,-D	,27,95
Fast Load Car! ...	27 95
INFOCOM
Call for items and prices
T-Cassette
D-Dlst
. Cart-Cartridge

MISC. COMMODORE

Ultima lll-D 41,95

Right Simulator ll-O , 37,95 Star Leag, Basebali-DT 23,95 Mastertype-D'Cart , , . 27,95

Strip Poker-0 23.95

Sam-D 41,95

Spelunker-D 20.95

Stealth-D 20.95

Bungling Bay-D 20.95

Dr. Creep-D 20.95

On-Field Tennis-OT . 23.95 f-15 Strike Eagle-D/T 23.95

Movie Maker-0 37.95

VIP Terminal-0 29,95

Ooodle-D 27.95

Ghost Buslers-D ... 24.95

Koala Printer-D 19.95

Karateka-D 20.95

Print Shop-0 34.95

Amazon-0 22,95

Rendezvous'Rama-D 22.95

Farenhell 451-0 22.95

DragonworiO-O 22.95

Shadow Keep-D 22.95

Spy vs. Spy-D 23.95

Stress Relax Sys -D . 79.95 Blue Max-DT , , , , 23,95

UlhmalV-D 41,95

Ulhmall-D 41.95

Micro-League

Basehali-0 29.95

Home Pak-D 37.95

Math Blaster-D 34.95

WordAKack-D ,- 34.95 Speed Reader II ... 49.95

Stunt Flyer-D Call

Sargon lll-D 34.95

Super 2axxon-D ... 23,95 Decision Desert-O ,. 27 95 Kennedy Approach-D 23.95 Crusade;Europe-D . . , 27.95

Halley Projeci-D 29.95

Transylvannia-D 23.95

Bounty Bob-Cart ... 34,95 BlueUax 2D01-D , ,. 23,95 Fleet System ll-D ,,, 49.95 Evelyn Wood -0 34,95

SSI

Carrier Force-0 41 ,95

Ouestron-D 27,95

Broadsides-D 27,95

Comp. Ouarterback-D 27,95

Computer Ambush-D 41 .95

Kamplgfuppe-D 41.85

Oper fi^arket Garden-0 34.95

Gemstone Warrior-D 23.95

ImperiumGalactium-D 27.95

Phantasie-0 27.95

Cartels Cullhroals-D . 27.95

SPINNAKER

Call for items and prices

SYNAPSE

Call for items and prices

TIMEWORKS

Call tor items and prices.

« m

No surcharge for MasterCard

COMPUTEi's Apple Applications

COMPUTEI's Apple Applications issue features applications, tutorials, and in-depth feature articles for owners and users of Apple personal computers. From software to hardware to the state of the industry, this special issue serves as a useful tool and handy reference. It's filled with home, business, and educa- tional applications and purchasing information.

Like COMPUTE! and COMPUTEI's Gazette, COMPUTEI's Apple Applications \%%ue contains ready-to-type-in programs, easy-to-understond tutorials, and useful information. This special issue includes something for everyone:

A lulofalFc-aluiu i

': rv'FOcArllsl, , . .: ■■} ,i .rjjs Ot f'/r'JcPatnt. PAjcDr jv^'. Ana f/^^cVVnl»i

ECIAL:

UCATIONS ISSUE

Business

Appllcallons Softwore Buyer's Guide

TMConvnrtcalttria For Aixto end Moc^ltari

A first LOOK

A1 Jazz For Ihe Moctilosh

Appte n E<*jcatk3n

A Gonw-Lover's

Cholcs:

Tf« Tan BMt-Evw

Apj* Gomes

#

R«Ody^T<>U»

Ftm With n* teu$: HHt SmVot A hatt-

r»c«d arcade styie

gam Cwt: FN«tov«hot

cholanglrg plov

awott vou Spi^iq Bii: A word-

guaahgQome roi

younoitan SomaardW: A mocNn«

routho Arid Q QTAdi dul rtyye

ON SALE: April 9, 1985

PRICE: $3.95 (in Canada. $4.75)

FEATURES

Bus' " ■ A Buyer's Guide

Word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and more

Telecommunicating on the Apple li and ttte Macintosh

"Is Anyone Out There? Getting Started with Telecommunica- tions," a handy reader introduction to the first few hours of telecommunications, plus "Exploring Databases" by computer

A '/ "The Ten Best-Ever Apple Gomes"

API

"Up and Coming Apple," watchers and prognosticotors reveal their best crystal-boll impressions of the market, the manufac- turer, and the future development of our industry

Apple In Education

"The State of Educational Computing," plus "A Software Overview: What's Available in Education?" and "What Mokes Superior Educational Software?"

APPLICATIONS

Datatxise Management Program

A small, working program for the Apple II series

Chess

A significant user-ready program with five levels of challenging play

archer

A machine language search routine

A mojor applications feature on the inner workings of MacPaint, MacDraw. and MacWrite with tutorials

Guess the constellation

g Bee

Word-guessing gome for youngsters

Heat Seeker

A fast-paced arcade style gome

The programs published in COMPUTEI's Apple Applications are available on disk, ready to run on your Apple lie, Apple 11+ , and lie. The Disk will save you hours of typing time and give you easy access to the programs in this special issue of COMPUTEI's Apple. The Disk is only $12.95 and is available only through COMPUTE! Publications. So order your Disk today!

Look for the Spring/Summer issue of COMPUTEI's Apple Applications on sale where you buy COMPUTE! and COMPUTEI's Gazette, and at Apple computer retailers. Or order directly from COMPUTE!.

Send in the attached card with your payment or call toll-free 1-800-334-0868.

COMPUTEr Publicdtionsjncffi

One of tfie ABC PubAhlng Cofflpanl« __^

324 W. Wteodover Avenue, SuTto 50O- GfBensbwo. HC 274M. 9t'J-2?S-9809.

Publishers of CCM=UTEI. COMPUTE/'s Gazette. COMPUTEI's Gaz&tfe Disk. COMPUTEI Books, and COm/mrs Apple Applications.

E3 150

CN 200

DC 210

FN 21 1

CJ 212

DC 2 14

FL 220

HP 240 LF 244 m 246

U 248 if 250

PI 260 [0 280

m 300

LC 304 UK 306

LB 308 Bn 310 SC 320 3P 322 FH 399 FO 400 D? 4 1 0 Be 414

M 4 18

EL 4 19 NC 424

KB 430 EI 440 LL 442

lie 450 SL 490 FJ 499 6B 500 PB 510 BI 514 PL 518

EO 519 NE 524

NC 530 EH 540 Lf 542

m S50

SN 590 FL 599 BE 600 BD 610 BE 614 PJ 616

PN 618

FB 619 «G 624

LE 630 eS 700 EE 702

CD 829 HB B30 Ft B40 HF 842

HF 850 W 8 60

POKE 53248, XPDS S-STRIG (0) IF S<>0 THEN 400 REM *« WEBSTER LEAPS POKE 53278,0 VEL=XB3VEL; XB3VEL=VEL /2

FDR I=YPQS TO VB-4 ST EP 4

PD0* <I,I+LS)=SPIDER* SOUND 0,1,10,4 IF XB3 = 0 THEN FDR D= 1 TO 6:NEXT D;GQTO 250 BDSUB 830 NEXT I

HIT=PEEK <53260) : IF HI T<>0 THEN GOSUB 1000 FOR I=YB-4 TO YPOS ST EP -4

PD0« (I, I +LS)= SPIDER* SOUND 0,1,10,4 IF XB3=0 THEN FDR D=l TO 6:NEXT D:GOTD 310 GOSUB 830 NEXT I

SOUND 0,0,0,0 XB3VEL=VEL

REM »t BUS 1 MOVEMENT IF XB1O0 THEN 430 X=INT(51»RND(0)-25) IF ftBS(X><>l THEN 500

XB1 = X = -l

XBiy

PDlt = BUG SDUN XB1 = IF X AX T POKE SOUN REM IF X X=IN IF A XB2 = X = -l XB2V PD24 = BUG

XMI ) EL =

( YB «

D 1 XBl Bl< HEN 53 D 1 «* B2< T (5 BS ( XMI ) EL =

( YB

i

N» (X=l ) +XMAX» (

XtXBlSPEED

, YB+LEN (BUG?) >

, 30, 14, 4

+XB1VEL

XMIN DR XBS >XM

XSH=0 2 4 9, XBl

0 0 0 BUG 2 MOyEMENT >0 THEN 530 iltRND (0) -25) X)<>1 THEN 600 N« ( X=l ) +XMAX« (

XtXB2SPEED

, YB+LEN (BUG*) )

SOUND XB2=X IF XB AX TH POKE SOUND REM « IF XB X=INT IF AB COUNT COUNT GOTO XB3 = X X = -l ! XB3VE PD3* ( = BUG* GOSUB GOTO REM * OOP « REM * SOUND XB3 = X IF XB AX TH POKE IF XB : POKE

2,11,14,4 B2+XB2VEL 2<XMIN OR XB2>XM EN XB2=0 53250, XB2

2,0,0,0 « BUG 3 MOVEMENT 3< >0 THEN 630 (FltRND (0) -F2) S ( X ) < >1 THEN 100 ER=CDUNTER+1 ; IF ER>15 THEN POP : 50 MIN» ( X = l > +XMAX» (

L=X«XB3SPEED

YB, YB+LEN (BUG*) >

83 100

t M 3, B3 + 3< X EN 532 3=X 53

END OF MAIN L

OVE BUG 3

5,8,4

XB3VEL

MIN OR XB3>XM

XB3 = 0

51 , XB3

Bl THEN XB1=0

249,0

HI 862

H6 390

IK 899

m 1000

GJ 1004 LP 1010

CD 1011

LE 1 100

SC 1 1 1 0

IL 1 120

BC 1125

tF 1 130

L! 1200

FN 12 10

IS 1230

BE 1235

KH 1240

NA 1300

»H 13 10

ftJ 1320

Ih 1330

BF 1335

XI 1340

NN 1400

M 14 10

1420 1430 1440 1450 1455

CJ 1460 BN 1470

a 1480 m 1490

K 1500

es 15 10

AN 1520 KJ 1530 JE 1600

EE 16 10

AD 1620

VX 1630

BH 1700

81 1710

BD 1720

BA 1730

KH 1740

AN 1800

JE 1810

NE 1B20 KN 1830

LL 1899 ND 7000 (A 70 10 DL 7020 BP 7030

NC 7040 lA 7050

KN7060

LJ 7099 NB 7100

IF XB3-XB2 THEN XB2=0 :POKE 53250,0 SOUND 3,0,0,0

RETURN REM SPIDER HIT A BUG

(WHICH'') HIT=1NT (HIT/Z) ON HIT GOSUB 1 100. 12 00, 1300, 14 00, 1500, 16 00, 1700 RETURN

XB1=0:POKE 53249, XBl

SC0RE=SC0RE+25

GOSUB 1800

RETURN

REM k1 ;> < >^ ^ : »-:Tf^^TITJM^.

XB2=0:POKE 53250, XB2

SC0RE=SC0RE+25

GOSUB 1B00

RETURN

REM antiuMjMinaami^^s

PBTCHBe GOSUB 1100 GOSUB 1200 SCORE=SCORE+50 GOSUB 1800 RETURN REM EOJIQ

FOR 1=20 TO 200 STEP

4 SOUND 0,1,14,8 SETCOLOR 4,1,8 FOR N=l TO 10;NEXT N NEXT I

POKE 656, 1 sPOKE 657, LIVESt2+16:? " "