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NARRATIVE

Of the Caufes which led to

PHILIPS INDIAN WAR,

of 1675 and 1676,

/:/7-/7:o- By JOHN V..\S'VON. of Rhode IJland.

With other Documents concerning this Event in the Office of the Secretary of State of New York.

Prepared from the Originals^ with a?t IntroduSiion and Notes.

Bv FRANKLIN B. HOUGH.

ALBANY, N. T.

J. MUNSELL, 78 State Street.

M D CCC LVIII.

NARRATIVE

Of the Caufes which led to

PHILIPS INDIAN WAR,

of 1675 ^^^ ^^7^5

M ; 7 _ / 7 S^-

By JOHN EAS rON, of Rhode IJland.

With other Documents concerning this Event in the Office of the Secretary of State of New York.

Prepared from the Originals^ with a?i Introdu&ion and Notes.

Bv ERANKLIN W. HOUCJH.

ALBANY, N. Y.

J. MUNSELL, 78 State Street.

M D CCC LVIII.

.ii'

A

.-=&

C: C) N T E NTS.

INTRODUCTION, - - - - ^ Re/at/on of the Indian War, by Mr. Eajion of Rhode IJland, 1675,

Papers Relating to Philip's Indian War,

Record of a Court Martial held at Newport, R. I. in AiigiiJ}, \6j6, for the Trial of Indians charged with being engaged in Philip's Defgns, _ _ _ ^

Index, __-.---

173 191

The Statement inadvertently made in N concerning the Abfence of the Governor He did not fail for England until November, 1677,

1 N I R () I) U { I I O N

^HE Years 1675 and 1676, will ever fill a gloomy Page in New Eng- land Hiftory, and be equally memorable ^^ for the defperate but inefFeftual Efforts of (^S^^ its primitive People, to rid their Country of its European Inhabitants, and the efficient Meafures adopted by the latter, againft the Chances of future Hoftilities.

The Details of thefe Events, have come down to us in the Narratives of feveral prominent Adlors in them, and from them, we have been made familiar with the Scenes of Atrocity which diftinguiflied the feveral Combatants in this War of mutual Extermination ; but in none of thefe Accounts do we find Evidence of that earneft Defire to render a ftridlly impartial Statement of Events, which alone conftitutes the higheft Aim of Hiftory, and claims our ftrongeft Regard. The Writers of thefe Nar-

[ vi]

ratives, in their aftive Sympathies for the one Party, have Icarcely been willing to concede either Jurtice or Honor to the other. The Indian Leader who ad:ed lb prominent a Part in this War, is reprefented as a Monfter in Iniquity, incapable alike of Gene- rofity or Sympathy, waging an unprovoked and aggreffive War upon inoffenlive Settlers, violating the moll lolemn Engagement of Treaties, and wan- tonly butchering thofe who had extended to him the kindeft Offices of Friendfliip.

The Account of the Origin of this War, given in the following Pages, is believed to be the only one that has been printed, in which a cotemporary Writer has appeared anxious to reprefent in a favor- able Light, the Injuries that provoked the Natives to Afts of Hoftility, or to concede to them Motives of Honor and Equity in previous Attempts to ad- julf the Grounds of Difpute without a final Refort to Arms.

The Government of Rhode Illand, of which Mr. Eafton was a Member, had been excluded from the Union of the New England Colonies, on account of her heretical Toleration of religious Freedom, and her open Advocacy of that Liberty of Confcience

[ vii ]

which has fince become a diltinguiihing Feature of our Government. Her Territory was invaded by armed Forces without previous Notification or Confent, and her Magistrates feized and carried to Prilbns beyond her Borders, for prefuming to quel- tion the Right of thefe informal Inroads upon her Soil.

The Boundary between Connefticut and Rhode Ifland, was at this Time a Subjedl of Dilpute, and upon it depended the Queftion of feparate Exiftence, to the greater Part of the latter. This Controverfy had excited a Feeling of Alienation between the two Colonies, as had a fimilar Queftion between the former and New York, and in fome Degree pre- vented a cordial Cooperation, in Meafures tending to the common Welfare of the Englifh Colonies. This may perhaps have influenced the Writer of the following Narrative, in his Defire to prove that the Complaints of the Indians might have been peace- ably fettled, and that the immediate Caule of the War arofe from the Indilcretion of their Neighbors. Whatever Weight this Motive may have had, there is found nothing either in the Narrative itfelf, or the Evidence of other Writers, to lead us to quefliion

[ viii ]

the Accuracy of the Facls therein ftated, or to doubt that the Grievances complained of, were fully as real as by them reprefented.

Slighter Grounds of Difference between civilized Nations have often fooner led to open War, and we may perhaps find in this Cafe, no other Reafon for patient Forbearance under continued Wrongs, than the Faft that the Indians were dependent upon the Whites for the Means of commencing and profe- cuting Hoftilities, and were without thofe Facilities for Confultation and Cooperation which Education alone confers.

Prompted by that inherent Senfe of Equality which has often led them to fliare equally with their Prifoners, the laft Morfel of Food, the Indians had cheerfully given to the firfl Colonifts a liberal Share of their Lands, and had not only fupplied them with Provifions when they would otherwife have ftarved, but had taught them the Method of cultivating Corn, and the Time and Mode of catch- ing FiHi, which preferved them from Extremities to which there would have been no other Relief. • Thus favored and affifted, the Colonifts at Peace

1 See Bradford's Hiftory of Plymouth Plantations, p. lOO.

[ i^ I

with the native Tribes rapidly muhiplied, and their Fields everywhere extended along the Valleys and over the Plains that had been the Haunts and the Homes of the primitive Owners. During more than fifty Years, they had been gaining fleadily upon the Wildernefs, and the Indians had proportionably wafted away, deriving few and doubtful Benefits from Civilization, but becoming daily more de- graded by its Vices, and more dependent upon its Arts for the Means of Exiftence.

Maffafoit, the chief Sachem of the Wampanoags, had been the early and conftant Friend of the Whites, and towards the Clofe of his Life had taken his two Sons, upon whom his Authority was to defcend, to a principal Settler to make them pledge their continued Friendlliip to the Englirti. Alex- ander, the elder of thefe Brothers, was a £ew Years after fummoned to appear and anfwer to Charges made againft him upon Sufpicion that he was plot- ting the Deftrudlion of the Settlers ; but not obey- ing promptly, he was furprifed at an unguarded Moment, and taken towards Plymouth. Exafpe- rated at this Treatment, he fell fick, was releafed B

[ X ]

under the Pledge of Hoftages, but died on his Way- Home.

The chief Authority devolved upon Metacom, ■ better known as Philip, on the Death of his Brother, and whatever may have been his early Feeling towards the Englifli, there can be no Doubt that from this Period he harbored a fecret Refolution of Vengeance, although Policy led him for a Seafon to conceal his Purpofe under a Cloak of Friendfhip, and even to confent to repeated Renewals of the Treaties of Amity, which his Father had made.

With this Defign he vifited many Indian Tribes, portrayed in eloquent Language the fteady En- croachments of the Settlers, reminded them of their ancient Power now rapidly wafting away, and in- voked them by the Love of Country and Kindred, the Memory of their Forefathers, and their Duty to Pofterity, to unite in driving from the Land thefe dangerous Rivals, whofe paft Encroachments fore- ihadowed the rapid and complete Deftrudtion of their Race.

The Magnitude of this Enterprife, and the evi-

1 Sometimes written Metacomet, and faid to be a Contraftion from Pomctacom.

[ xi ]

dent Succefs with which he privately advanced in its Arrangement, befpeaks a Mind capable of the moft comprehenfive Generalization, while his future Courfe proved him the Owner of Talents equal to the moft prelTing Emergencies that might arife in the Execution of its Details.

His Taft in enlifting the Narraganfetts, the hereditary Enemies of his Tribe, in the general Scheme which he had formed, indicates the Pof- feffion of a fair Degree of diplomatic Skill, and a thorough Knowledge of the human Character.

The Circumftances attending the Conference related in the following Narrative, are particularly interefting, as flaowing the Wrongs which had for Years been pradliced upon the unfufpedling Natives, and the lively Senfe of Injuftice which thefe Inju- ries had awakened. The fimple confiding Ignor- ance of thefe untutored Sons of Nature, had led them on from one Conceffion to another, until they were brought to a forcible Realization of the Value of Land, by a preffing Senfe of its Want, and found themfelves in almoft as feeble and dependent a Condition, as were the Englifh upon their firft Arrival.

[ xii ]

There is Ibmething peculiarly refined and elevated in the Sentiment expreffed by Philip, in anlwer to their Remark, that the Whites were now too ftrong for the Indians, when he replied, that then the Englifli JJiould do to them, as they did, when they were too Jlrong for the EngliJJi. In this was expreffed the Spirit of that moft facred Injundion of Scripture, that " all Things whatfoever ye would that Men lliould do to you, do ye even fo to them," with all the additional Obligation that a previous Perform- ance of this Duty could impofe.

His Plans, it is laid, had been laid with Reference to their Development in the Spring of 1676, but were prematurely haftened by the Death of Safia- mon, and the Executions which followed.

Perhaps fearing that he might be feledted as the next Viftim, Philip kept himfelf furrounded by his armed Followers, and finally yielding to their Impa- tience for Plunder, allowed them to commit Dep- redations. Thefe by provoking an Attack from the Whites, relieved him from the Superftitious dread which he is laid to have entertained of begin- ning the War, and adtive Hollilities quickly fol- lowed.

[ xiii ]

The lirfl Attack was made at Swanlea upon People returning from public Worlhip. A Body of Troops arriving foon after, were fired upon, and one of the Party killed. The Indians fled, mark- ing their Courfe by burning Houfes, and fixing on Poles the Heads of thofe they had flain ; but being preffed by the Troops, Philip left Mount Hope and retired to a Swamp at Pocafi"et, where he fucceeded in repelling the Englilh and killing fixteen of their Number.

Learning that his Enemy was preparing to guard every Exit from the Swamp and thus reduce him to Starvation, he efcaped towards the Nipmucks in Worcefter County, purfued by People of Rehoboth and Providence. The Indians continued to hang upon the Outfkirts of the Settlements in Imall Parties, committing frequent Murders, and gener- ally evading Purfuit. Being intimately acquainted with every Locality, they could eafily fall upon an unguarded Hamlet, murder its Inmates, and efcape before an Alarm could be raifed, or a Force colled:ed. Mendon, Brookfield, Deerfield, Hadley, Northfield, Hatfield, Northampton and Springfield, became in Turn the Scene of defperati Encounters, in which

[ xiv [

Fortune favored fometimes one and at other Times the other Party. PhiHp, who was generally prefent in thefe Engagements to dired: his Men, evinced a Boldnefs mingled with Caution, that defied the utmolt Efforts of the Englirti to gain any fignal Advantage.

It being no longer doubted that the Narragan- fetts were in fecret Alliance with Philip, War was declared againfh them by the Commiffioners of the United Colonies in November, and in December an Army of from fifteen hundred to two thoufand Men, including Volunteers, Indians and a Troop of Horfe, the whole under the Command of General Winflow, afiembled in the Neighborhood of the Enemy. The Indians, under Philip, were located on an Ifland in a Swamp in South Kingfton, Rhode Ifland, and had furrounded their Camp with Pal- lifades and an almoft impenetrable Hedge of fallen Trees, with their Tops pointing outwards. Within this Inclofure, the Indians had gathered with their Families to the Number of three thoufand, comfort- ably fupplied with Provifions and armed with Bows and Arrows, Mulkets and Tomahawks.

Here, on the i8th of December, was fought the

[ >^v I

moft bloody Battle recorded in the early Annals of New England, in which feven hundred Indian War- riors were flain and thre ehundred wounded ; three hundred more and as many Women and Children taken Prifoners. The Number of Women and Children that perifhed in the Flames was never known. The Englifh loft fix Captains and eighty Men in killed and one hundred and fifty in wounded.

The Weather was intenfely cold, and the Eng- lifh fufFered extremely from Cold and Fatigue while traveling in deep Snows. Philip fled, and is fup- pofed to have paffed the Winter upon the weftern Borders of Mafiachufetts. The Winter was re- markably mild, and upon the Hudfon River open- ing unexpectedly in February, the Governor of New York fent up feveral Sloops laden with Soldiers and military Stores, to refift any Attack which Philip might make in that Quarter. Sudbury, Lancafter and Medfield were attacked in February.

The Spring opened with renewed Hoftilities, and Parts of Groton, Marlborough, Warwick, Rehoboth and Providence were burned. A memo- rable Engagement occurred in Rehoboth, on the

[ xvi ]

26th of March, known as the " Pierce Fight," in which Capt. Michael Pierce, of Scituate, at the Head of a Band of 63 EngHlh and a few friendly- Indians, was led into an Ambufcade, in which ^^ Englifli and 10 of their Indian Allies were llain on the Spot, but not without deftroying feveral Times this Number of their Enemies.

The Indians fcattering in fmall Parties, were enabled to diftracfl the Attention of the Englifli Forces by fimultaneous Attacks in different Quarters. In March, a Body of Volunteers from Connedlicut, fucceeded in capturing Conanchet, Sachem of the Narraganfetts, who was fcarcely lefs formidable than Philip, and Expeditions upon the Strongholds of the Indians were conflantly reducing their Numbers and rendering their Profpedts more gloomy.

On the 1 8th of May, Capt. Turner, with 180 Men, furprifed a large Party of Indians at the great Falls in the Connedlicut River, above Deerfield. They found the Camp entirely unguarded, and flew great Numbers, while others ruflied into the River, only to meet a watery Grave. The Englifli lofh but one, while the Indians afterwards admitted the Lofs of 300 Men in killed and drowned, fonie of

I xvU ]

them being principal Sachems. In returning, the Englilh in their turn experienced heavy Reveries at the Hands of another Lodge of Indians, in which Capt. Turner was killed, and before reaching Hat- field, their Numbers were reduced to thirty-eight Men.

The Slaughter at the Falls proved a death Blow to the Hopes of Philip, and from this Time Mif- fortunes clofed thickly upon him. There flill, how- ever, remained fufficient Force to ferioully annoy the Settlements. On the 30th of May, fix or feven hundred Indians invaded Hatfield, burned feveral Houfes without the Fortification, and killed five Men, but were repulfed with the Lofs of five Times this Number.

On the Morning of the i 2th of June, about feven hundred Indians made a furious Affault upon Had- ley, and the Inhabitants were thrown into great Confufion and Alarm, The Indians fucceeded in forcing the Palifades and gaining Pofleffion of one Houfe, but were beaten back with Lofs. Suddenly, a Man of noble Mien, peculiar in Drefs, venerable in Appearance and manifeftly familiar with military C

[ ^^^" ]

Affairs, allumed the Command, ordered the Englifli to rally in the Manner beft adapted to meet the preffing Emergency, and by his Voice and Example infpired them to new Adiivity and Courage. Under his Direction the Indians were at length repulfed with Lofs, and driven into the Woods. The myf- terious Stranger as fuddenly difappeared, and it was long reported and believed that an Angel from Heaven had led them to Viftory. It was after- wards found, that this Perfon was Col. GofFe, the Regicide, who had for fifteen Years, with Whalley his Father-in-law, been concealed in the Colony, and who was then living in i\v'\&i Seclufion in the Family of Mr. Ruffell the Minifter.

The Indians began to lofe their Courage with thefe Failures, and their Attacks were thenceforth made with lefs Bravery. They alfo found new Enemies in the Mohawks of New York, who wil- lingly liftened to Propofitions from the Englifh to engage in a War againft the eaftern Indians. They did this the more readily, from having difcovered an Aft of Treachery on the Part of Philip.

A Party of 200 Indians, on their Way weftward from the Connedlicut, was lurprifed in the prefent

[ xix ]

Town of Stockbridge, of whom about fixty were killed and taken, with the Lofs of but one Man.

Thus repulfed from the Connedlicut, Philip re- turned to the Plymouth Colony, ftill following out his Purpofe of Extermination, but daily lofing his Counfelors and Friends, his Captains and Warriors. He continued to ftruggle againft Fate, and to gather new Energies from the Defperation into which his Affairs were plunged. His Wife and Children were feized or killed, and many of his Followers gave up in Defpair and threw themfelves upon the Mercy of the Englifli. Retiring to Mount Hope, his former Refidence, he took Refuge in a Swamp with about two hundred of his Men. Some Time be- fore he had flain one of his Followers, who pre- fumed to propofe Submiffion to the Englifli, and the Brother of this Indian, in Revenge betrayed the Secret of his Retreat. Captain Benjamin Church, who had been diftinguifhed throughout the War for his Courage and Succefs, lurrounded the Swamp on the 1 2th of Auguft, 1 676, and but fixty of the Indians efcaped. Philip was fhot by an Indian and fell with his Face in the Mud. His Head was cut off and exhibited as a Trophy.

[ XX I

Anna\van,his principal Captain, was taken Auguft 28th, in Rehoboth, which ended the War in this Seftion of New England, although Hoftilities con- tinued one or two Years later, in the northeallern Part of the Colonies.

The Indians, everywhere broken and fcattered, either fubmitted to fuch Terms as the Englilli might didlate or removed North and joined the French in Canada ; and the exhaufted Colonies were left to a realization of the Ravages which this vindiftive War had occafioned. Famine would have followed clofe upon the Miferies of the Torch and Toma- hawk, but for timely Charities from Dublin and London, obtained through the Letters of Dr. In- creafe Mather. One eleventh of the able bodied Men of New England are faid to have been flain during thefe two Years, and according to another Writer, almoft every Perfon in the two Colonies^ had loft a Relation or near Friend, fo that every Family was in deep Mourning.

We have already alluded to the Jealoufies then exifting between New York and Connefticut, on account of difputed Boundaries. The firft News of Indian Hoftilities, naturally tilled the Country

[ xxi ]

with an Alarm which was frequently renewed during the Progrels of the War, as Rumors oi projected Malfacres, magnified by the Fears of the Timid or the Expofed, were circulated among the Settlers or reported to the Governor. Although the Province of New York efcaped the Calamities which fell upon the New England Colonies, the occafional Intercourfe of its Indians with thofe to the Eall- ward, efpecially the tributary Dependence in which the Tribes upon the eaft End of Long Ifland were held by the Narraganfetts, gave juft Reafon to fuf- ped: that thefe Indians might be in fecret Alliance with their powerful Mafters, and juftified the Meaf- ures that were adopted for their Security.

A prominent Source of Irritation between New England and New York, arofe from the Charges publicly made by the former, that the hoftile Indians were fupplied with Powder and Arms by the latter. The Documents which follow, exhibit the Grounds upon which this Allegation was made, and the Spirit with which it was repelled. They alfo prove that the Indians were in fome Degree at leafl aflifted by the French in Canada, with whom the Englifli were theii nominally at Peace.

[ xxii ]

The Government of New York purlued an un- deviating Line of Policy with regard to the Indians within her Borders, and claimed at all Times the exclulive Management of their Affairs ; afferting fometimes rudely, at other Times refpedtfully, but always firmly, her fole Right of negotiating with them. Every Attempt of the neighboring Colo- nies to treat with the New York Indians, for Aid againft the eaftern and northern Tribes, was met with a prompt Refufal, unlefs conduced in the Prefence of the Governor or his authorized Agents.

This Policy, and the Grounds upon which it was bafed, were not underftood by thofe who had Occa- fion to deal with thefe Indians, and the unpleafant Feeling which followed the Failure of informal Attempts at Negotiation, has in fome Degree influ- enced the public Mind, and imparted to the hiftoric Page a Tinge of Prejudice againft the Condud: of New York, which is by no means deferved. A careful Study of thefe Documents will convince the Reader, that whenever proper Courtefy was fliown to New York in thefe Tranfadtions, the Subjeft of Requeft received proper Attention.

The warlike Mohawks needed but flight Entreaty

[ xxiii ]

to engage in a Purfjit lb congenial to their Tafles, and had HoftiHties continued, would doubtlefs have aided in an efFeftual Manner, in the War againft Philip. Indeed upon feveral Occafions after the Peace, they made Inroads upon the Chriftan Indians of Natick and other Villages, miftaking them for the late Enemies to the Engliih ; and it became neceflary to explain to them that their Services were not further needed, and to dilluade them from Hunting in that Quarter, leaft they might injure the friendly Natives.

The rude and unadorned Style and Language of thefe Documents afford an interefling View of the Period and the Events to which they relate, and we are enabled to catch a Glimpfe of the Manners of the Age, the Relations exilHng between the Whites and the Indians, the Hopes and Fears of the Colo- nUls, and the Light in which thefe Events were regarded by the Government of New York, more fatisfadlorily perhaps than could have been done by any other Means. Should they in any Degree anfwer this Purpofe, the Objedt of their Publication will be accomplifhed.

A RELATION

of the

INDYAN WARR

By M'' Easton' of Rhoad Ifland,

TRUE Relation of what I km &'

of Reports &^ my Underfiandhig

^A|4i, coficerning the Begming ^ Pro-

grefs of the War ?iow betwee?i the

EjigliJJj and the Indians.

In the Winter in the Year 1674, an Indian was found dead, and by a Coroner's Inqueft of Plimouth

1 John Easton, the Author of removed to Newburgh, and then to

this Account, was the Son of Nicholas Hampton, where he built the firft

Eallon, who emigrated to New Englifli Houfe, In 1638 he removed

England with his Sons Peter and to Rhode Ifland, on account of the

John, in the Spring of 1634, and religious Intolerance he experienced,

fettled at Ipfvvich. He fubfequently as a Quaker, and the fecond Year after I

[ 2 ]

Colony iudged murdered.' He was found dead in a Hole thro Ice broken in a Pond^ with his Gun and fum Foulls by him. Sum Engliih fupofed him thrown in, fum Indians y' I iudged intelegabell and impartiall in yc Cafe did think he fell in and was fo drouned, and that the les did hurt his Throat, as the Engliih faid it was cut ;3 but ac-

fettled at Newport, where he alfo built the firft Houfe. In 1641 this was burned by the Indians fetting Fire on his Lands. In 1640 and 1653 he was chofcn an Afliftant, and from 1650 to 1652, and in 1654, he was Prefident under the firft colonial Charter. From 1672 to 1674 he held the Office of Gover- nor, and died at Newport in 1675. His Son John Eafton, held the Office of Attorney General of Rhode Ifland fifteen Years between 1652 and 1675, was Deputy Governor in 1674-1675 ; was feveral Times an Affiftant, and from 1690 to 1695 he was cle£led Governor. He died at Newport, Dec. 12, 1705, aged 88 Years, and was buried in the Coddington burial Place. Callender's Dljcourjl; p. 125, 148: Peterfin's Hift. R. /.—Ed.

^ He was firft buried by his Friends, without an Inveftigation, but David, a Tetticut Indian, hav- ing noticed fome Bruifes about the Head, reported to fome Englifh and the Governor of Plymouth ordered aninqueft. This proved that fufficient Injuries had been received to caufe Death without drowning. An Indian alfo acknowledged, that while ftand- ing on a Hill near the Pond, he faw the Murder committed, but being fearful for his own Life, at firft was unwilling to difclofe it. Ba-^lefi Plymouth, ii, 27. — Ed.

- AiTawomfett Pond, in Middle- borough, in the Prefent County of Plymouth, Mafs.— Ed.

^ Other .'\ccoimts ftate that his Neck was broken. C. Mathcr.-Y.M.

[ 3 ]

noledge yt fumetimes naty Indians wold kill others but not as euer they herd to obfcuer as if the dead In- dian was not murdered. The dead Indian was caled Sanfimun' and a Chriftian y' could read and write. Report was he was a bad Man, yt King Philip got him to write his Will, and he made the Writing for a great Part of the Land to be his, but read as

1 This India

s Jot

MON, alias Waffafamon, of the Maf- fachufetts Tribe, who had been con- verted to Chriftianity and received a partial Courfe of Inftruftion at Harvard College. Being well ac- quainted with the Englifh Language, and able to read and write, he was employed as a Teacher at Natick. Renouncing his Faith, he went to refide with Alexander, Philip's Brother, and afterwards with Philip, where his Learning made him ufefiil as a Secretary. He thus had the Means of btcoming thoroughly ac- quainted with the Sachem and his Plans.

Incurring the Difpleafure of his Employer, or yielding to the Soli- citations of his Friend and Inftruftor the venerable Eliot, he returned to Natick, where, upon Profeffions of

Repentance, he was again baptized, received into the Church, and em- ployed as an Inftruftor. Being frc- quendy with his Countrymen, he gained a full Knowledge of the hof- tilc Feeling that was rapidly fprcad- ing among them, and going to Ply- mouth he imparted this Information to the Governor.

This Advice was at firft difre- garded, but Circumftances foon oc- curred to ftrengthen his Statement, and Philip with feveral of his In- dians were examined, but without gaining any new Proof of the Alle- gation. They were accordingly dif- miflcd, under ftrong Sufpicions, and Safiamon difappeared foon after. His Death occurred early in the Spring of 1 674-5 . SaylefsPlymouth ii, 27 ; Drake' sBook of Indians, 194

[4]

if it had bin as Philip wrote ; But it came to be known, and then he run away from him.

Now one Indian informed that three Indians had murdered him, and Iheued a Coat y' he faid thay gave him to confeall them. The Indians report y' the Informer had playd away his Coate, and thefe Men fent him y<^ Coate, and after demanded Pay, and he not to pay, fo acufed them, and kno- ing that it wold pleas the Englifh fo to think him a beter Chriftian, and the Reporte came y' the three Indians had confefed and acufed Philip fo to imploy them, and y' y*: Englilli wold hang Philip ; fo the Indians wear afraid, and reported y' the Englilh had Hatred them (or by threats) to bely Philip yt thay might kill him to have his Land, and y' if Philip had dun it, it was ther Law fo to execute home ther Kings iudged deierved it, y' he had no Cafe to hide it.'

■' Tobias, alias Poggiipcinojfoo, one one of them, before his Execution,

of Philip's Counfellors, his Son, and confeffing the Murder, but the others

Mattajhinnamy, were apprehended denying it to the laft. One of the

and tried by a Jury confifting of abfurd Grounds of Evidence that

four Indians and twelve Whites, influenced the Jury is thus related

On the 8th of June, 1675, two of by Dr. Increafe Mather: " When

them were hung, and a few Days Tobias (die fufpedcd Murderer)

after the third was (hot, at Plymouth, came near the dead Body, it fell a

[ 5 ]

So Philip kept his Men in Armes. Phmoth Gouerner required him to dilhand his Men, and informed him his Jealoufy was fake. Phihp an- fwered he would do no Harm, and thanked the Governer for his Information.'

The three Indians wer hunge, to the laft denied the Fadl ; but one broke the Halter as it is reported, then defired to be fayed, and fo was a littell while, then confelfed they three had dun the Fad: ; and then he was hanged.- And it was reported Saufunun before his death had informed of the Indian Plot, and y' if the Indians knew it they wold kill him, and that the Hethen might deftroy the Englifli for their Wickednefs, as God had per- mitted the Heathen to deftroy the Ifraellites of olde. So the Englilh wear afraid and Philip was afraid,

bleeding on frcfh, as if it had been againft him, marching from Place newly llain ; albeit, it was buried a to Place with his Men in Arms, confiderable Time before that." and receiving all ftrange Indians Mather's Relation, 75 ; Drake's who came to him. Bai/efs Ply- Book of Indians, 195. — Ed. mouth, ii, 28. — Ed.

1 Other Accounts flate that Philip " This Circumftance is not men- paid no attention to the Court, and tioned by other Contemporaries. — made no Effort to free himfelf from Ed. the Sufpicions that were aroufed

[ (^ ]

and both increfed in Arems. But for four Yeares Time, Reports and lealofys of War had bin veri frequent, y' we did not think y' now a War was breaking forth ;• but about a Week before it did,^ we had Cafe to think it wold. Then to indever to prevent it, we fent a Man to PhiHp, y' if he wold cum to the Fery we wold cum over to fpeke with him. About four Miles we had to cum ; thither our Meflenger cum to them ; they not

1 Strong Sufpicions of Indian Hof- tilities had arifcn in the Spring of 1 67 1, occafioned by warlike Pre- parations on the Part of Philip and Men on Account of fomc Injury alleged to have been done to his planting Ground. The Maflachu- fetts Government, anxious to pre- ferve Peace, fent Agent: between the Parties, and of April a Conference v at the Meeting Houfc : Philip rcprefented that hi; tions were defigncd to proteft him- felf from the Narraganfetts, but on its being fhown that his Relations with that Tribe were never more friendly, he acknowledged the Char- ges and figned a Covenant in which

to mediate on the 1 2th ■as obtained n Taunton.

he agreed to remain friendly to the Colonifts, and to deliver up to the Government of New Plymouth all his Englilh Arms, to be kept by them for their Security fo long as they might fee Reafon. Hubbard, Math- er, Hutchinfon, Bayley, Sec. Ano- ther Conference was held in Sep- tember of the fame Year. A Letter from the Governor of New York, on the Subjeft of thefe Rumors of Hoftility, will be found in a fubfe- quent Page of this Volume. — Ed.

^ This Indian War began June 24th, 1675, at Swanfea, and ended with the Death of Philip, Aug. 12, 1676, at Pokanoket. — Ed

[7 ]

aware of it behaved themfelves as furious, but fud- ingly apeafed when they underftood who he was and what he came for, he called his Counfell and agreed to cum to us ; came himfelf unarmed, and about 40 of his Men armed. Then 5 of us went over, 3 wear Magiftrates. We fate veri friendly together.' We told him our bifnes was to indever that they might not refeue or do Rong. They faid that was well ; they had dun no Rong, the

1 No other Hirtorian of" this War It is faid that fhortly before the has given an Account of this Ncgo- War of 1675 began, the Governor tiation. The Relations cxilVing be- of MafTachufctts fent to inquire of twccn the Indians and the Govern- Philip why he would war upon the mcnt of Rhode Ifland, had been Englifh, and to requcft him to cuter friendly frotn the Beginning, and into a Treaty. The Sachem re- all the Engagements on the Part of plied: "Your Governor is but a the Englifli had been fulfilled with Subjeft of King Charles of England ; fcrupulous Exaftnefs. Mr. Roger I fliall not treat with a Subjcft, I Williams relates that he had obtained fliall treat of Peace only with the by Love and Favor the Title of King my Brother. When he comes Rhode Ifland, which could not have I am ready." 0/d Indian Chroni- been purchafed by Price or Money, clc, 68. The Rcfpcft and Confi- and that the Indians, always fhy and dence which the People of Rhode jealous of felling their Lands, chofe Ifland had acquired with the In- rather to make a Grant of them to dians, fccured a Hearing for their I'uch as they eftcemed. The Gra- pacific Overtures on the above Oc- tuities however expedled in return, cafion, at a Time when probably often made thefc Gifts a very dear no other Englifh could ha\'e fafely Bargain. CaUender's Dijlotirfe, ?,<^. folicired an Interview.— Ed.

[ 8 ]

Englifli ronged them. We faid we knew the Englilli faid the Indians ronged them, and the In- dians faid the Enghfli ronged them, but our Defier was the Quarrell might rightly be defided, in the beft Way, and not as Dogs defided their Quarrells. The Indians owned y' fighting was the worft Way ; then they propounded how Right might take Place. We faid, by Arbitration. They faid that all Englifh agreed againfi: them, and fo by Arbitra- tion they had had much Rong ; mani Miles fquare of Land fo taken from them, for Englifh wold have Englifli Arbitrators ; and once they were perfuaded to give in their Armes, y' thereby Jea- loufy might be removed,' and the Englifli having

1 Tlic Conference at Taunton, propofed that Commiffioners from

April 12, 1671, is here referred to. the feveral United Colonies fliould

All the Arms which Philip's Men meet at Plymouth for a Difcuffion

had with them on that Occafion and Settlement of the exifting Dif-

were given up, and they agreed to ferences. This Meeting occurred

bring in the Remainder at Plymouth Sept. 29th, 1671, and "Philip

by a certain Time. But this for again acknowledged his OfFence,

fDme Reafon was not done. The and was appointed to give a Sum of

Government at Bofton being looked Money to defray the Charges which

to as an Umpire, a Complaint was his infolent Clamors had put the

made to them by the Colony of Colony unto." Mather's Relation,

New Plymouth. Philip appeared 73. The Sum agreed upon, as

in Perfon, and by his plaufible Ad- ftated in the Text, was .£100, pay-

drefs quieted all Apprehenfions, and able in three Years. He alfo agreed

[ 9 ] their Arms wold not deliver them as they had pro- mifed, untill they confented to pay a loo'^, and now they had not fo much Sum or Muny ; y' thay wear as good be kiled as leave all ther Liuefly- hode.'

We faid they might chufe a Indian King and the Englifh might chufe the Governor of New Yorke,2 yt nether had Cafe to fay either wear Parties

" to fend unto the Governor, or whom he fhall appoint, five Wolves' Heads, if he can get them, or as many as he can procure, until they come to five Wolves' Heads yearly." The Difarming of the Indians was continued through the Spring and Summer of 1 67 1. Drake's Book of the Indians, 204. — Ed.

1 The Indians of New England were firft taught the Ufe of Fire- arms by Thomas Morton, an un- principled and dangerous Adven- turer, who came over with Captain Wolafton in 1622, in the Capacity of a Servant, and fettled in the pre- fent Town of Quincy. In the Abfence of Wolafton he fucceeded in perfuading his Aflociates to throw off all Obligation to their Mafter, and they fell into the moft riotous

Excefles. The neighboring Settle- ments becoming alarmed, united in fupprcfiing this Nuifance, and Mor- ton was fent a Prifoner to England in 1628. Bradford's Hift. of Ply- mouth Plantation, 238. At the Time of Philip's War, the Ufe of Fire- arms had become general among the Indians throughout New England, moftly fuperceding the primitive Weapons of the Natives, and form- ing an indifpenfable Means of Suc- cefs in Hunting. — Ed.

2 Sir Edmund Andros, was at this Time Governor of New York, but at the breaking out of the War, he was abfent in England, and the Government was adminiftered by Capt. Anthony Brockholls the Lieu- tenant Governor.— Ed.

in the Diferance. They faid they had not heard of y' Way, and faid we oneftly fpoke, fo we wear perfwaided if y' Way had bine tendered they would have acfepted. We did endeaver not to hear their Complaints, faid it was not convenient for us now to confider of, but to indever to prevent War ; faid to them when in War againft Englifli, Blood was fpilt, y' ingaged all Englifhmen, for we wear to be all under one King; we knew what their Com- plaints wold be, and in our Colony had removed fome of them in fending for Indian Rulers in what the Crime concerned Indians Lives, which thay veri lovingly acfepted, and agreed with us to their Execution, and faid fo they were abell to fatisfie their Subjedls when they knew an Indian fufered duly, but faid in what was only between their In- dians and not in Townefliipes, y' we had purchafed, they wold not have us profecute, and y' that thay had a great Fear to have ani of ther Indians fhould be caled or forced to be Chriftian Indians.' Thay

1 The Narraganfets in particular. The Priefts and Sachems imagined

made it a Matter of public Policy to that the Prevalence of the Gofpel

oppofe the Propagation of the would put an End to their Authority,

Chriftian Religion among them, and aldiough Mr. Roger Williams

L ^^ ]

faid y' fuch wer in everi thing more milchievous, only Difemblers, and then the Englifh made them not fubjed: to ther Kings, and by their lying to rong ther Kings. We knew it to be true, and we promifing them y' however in Government to Indians all fhould be alike, and y' we knew it was our King's will it fhould be fo, y' altho we wear weaker than other Colonies, they having fub- mitted to our King to protedl them, others dared not otherwife to molefl them ; expreffed thay took that to be well, that we had littell Cafe to doute, but that to us under the King thay would have yielded to our Determinations in what ani Ihould have complained to us againft them.

But Philip charged it to be dilbneftly in us to put of the Hering to iuft Complaints, therefore we

at firft attempted to Inllruft the fetts, Plymouth, Martha's Vineyard

Natives in religious Matters, upon and Nantucket, but even among the

longer Acquaintance he appears to praying Towns in which Gookin

have changed his Opinion on this enumerates about 1150 Indians in

Subject. Callender's Difcourfe, 136; 1 674, in fix Years after, Eliot claimed

Coll. R. I. Hijl. Soc, iii, 9; Bay- but four out of fourteen Towns with

ley's Plymouth,')!, 16. Better Refults fome 300 Souls. Some had joined

followed the Labors of Eliot, the Philip and the others had been much

Mayhews, and others in Maflachu- fcattered. — Ed.

L ^2 J

conlented to hear them. Thay faid thay had bine the firft in doing Good to the Englifh, and the Enghfh the firft in doing Rong; faid when the EngHlh firft came, their King's Father was as a great Man, and the Enghfh as a httell Child;' he con- ftrained other Indians from ronging the Enghfh, and gave them Corn and fhewed them how to plant, and was free to do them ani Good, and had let them have a loo Times more Land than now the King had for his own Peopell. But ther King's Brother, when he was King, came miferably to dy by being forced to Court, as they iudge

^ Maflafoit, the Father of Philip, all the fouthern Part of Maflachu-

and Chief of the Wampanogas, at fetts, from Cape Cod to Narragan-

theTimeofthcArrivaloftheEnglifli fett Bay. 'iioie io Bradford's Hiji.

at Plymouth, dwelt at Sowams, in of Plymouth Plantation, p. 94. So

the prefent Town of Warren, R. I., gready were the Settlers of Plymouth

and his People occupied the Region reduced by Sicknefs and Famine, in

now conftituting Briftol, Harrington, the early Years of their Refidence,

and Warren, in Rhode Ifland, with that they muft have fallen an eafy

Parts of Seekonk and Swanzea in Prey to any concealed Plan of Hof-

MafTachufetts. This Tribe, with tilities. The Kindnefs and Affiftance

others of New England, had a few which they received from the Na-

Years before been greatly reduced Uves is gratefully acknowledged by

by an Epidemic. The Dominion feveral of their early Annalifts. —

of Maflafoit extended over nearly Ed.

[ 13 J

poyfoned.' And another Greavance was, if 20 of there oneft Indiand teftified that a Englilhman had dun them Rong, it was as nothing ; and if but one of their worft Indians teftified againll any Indian or ther King, when it pleafed tlie Englifli it was fufitiant. Another Grievance was, when their King fold Land, the EngHfh wold fay, it was more than they agreed to, and a Writing muft be prove againft all them, and fum of their Kings had dun Rong to fell fo much. He left his Peopell none, and fum being given to Drunknes the Englifh made them

he agreed to do. He failed to attend, and Circumftances appearing to con- firm the Reports, Major Winflow was ordered to bring him before them by Force. This Party furprifcd the Sachem and about eighty of his Men, and having fecured their Arms made known their Inftruftions. He at firft "fell into a raging PafTion at this Surprife, faying that the Governor had no Reafon to credit Rumors, or to fend for him in fuch a Way, nor would he go to Plymouth but when he faw Caufe." (J. Mat- ther). Yielding to the Advice of his Interpreter (a Brother of John

^ Alexander, alias Wamfutta the elder Son of Malfafoit, fucceeded to his Authority upon the Death of the latter in the Winter of 1 66 1 -2. He had married Weetamoo, Squaw- Sachem of Pocaflet, and thus ex- tended his Influence with the Natives. From his Conduft in 1 662, towards thcNarraganfetts his ancient Enemies, Sufpicions were raifed that he might be plotting Mifchief againft the Englifh, and the Governor of Ply- mouth appointed Captain Willet, who lived near the Refidence of Alexander, to defire him to attend the next Court at Plymouth, which

[ h]

drunk and then cheated them in Bargains, but now ther Kings wear forwarned not for to part with Land, for nothing in Cumparifon to the Value thereof. Now home the Englifti had owned for King or Queen, they wold dilinheret, and make another King that wold give or fell them thefe Lands ; that now, they had no Hopes left to kepe ani Land. Another Grievance, the Englifli Catell and Horfes ftill increfed; that when thay removed 30 Mill from where Englilh had ani thing to do, thay could not kepe ther Corn from being

SafTamon) he went with them. On Fear or Policy, had induced him his Way being taken fick, he was to yield an outward Compliance, received and nurfed at the Houfe of and fubfcribe to the written Condi- Mr. Window, but his Malady in- tions which they impofcd, but the creafing, his Followers entreated Interval was bufily occupied in ma- thofe that held him Frifoner that he turing his Schemes, and engaging the might have leave to return. He Alliance of the neighboring Tribes, was accordingly difmifled with the The Spring of 1676 is faid to Promife of fending his Son as a have been agreed upon as the Time Hoflage tiU he could appear, and for commencing Hoftilities, but the died on his Way Home. (Mather; Death of Saffamon, and the Trial Hubbard.) Philip and Weetamoo and Executions which followed, are always believed he was poifoned, believed to have led to a Rupture and from this Time, without Doubt, before his Plans were matured. — a deep and fetded Purpofe of Ven- Ed. geance was harbored by Philip.

[ M ]

fpoyled, thay never being iuled to fence, and thoft when the Englifh boft Land of them thay wold have kept their Catell upon ther owne Land. Another Grievance, the EngHfh were fo eager to fell the Indians Lickers, y' moft of the Indians fpent all in Drynknes, and then raueved upon the fober Indians, and thay did believe often did hurt the Englifli Catell, and ther King could not prevent it.

We knew before, thefe were their grand Com- plaints, but then we only indevered to perfuaid y' all Cumplaints might be righted without War, but could have no other Anfwer but that thay had not heard of that Way for the Governor of Yorke and an Indian King to have the Hearing of it. We had Cafe to think in y' had bine tendered it wold have bine acfepted. We indevered y' however thay fliould lay doune the War, for the Englifli wear to ftrong for them ; thay faid, then the Englifh fhould do to them as they did when thay wear to ftrong for the Englifli.

So we departed without ani Difcurtioufnefs, and fudingly had Letter from Plimoth Governor thay intended in Arms to conforem Philip, but no In- formation what yf was thay required or w' Termes

[ i6 ]

he refufed to have their Quarrell delided ; and in a Weke's Time after we had bine with the Indians the War thus begun.' PUmouth Soldiers were cum to have their Head Quarters within lo Miles of Philip ; then moft of the Englifh thereabout left there Houfes, and we had Leter from Plimouth Governor to delier our Help with fum Boats if thay had fuch Ocation, and for us to looke to our felfs ; and from the Generall at the Quarters we had Leter of the Day thay intended to cum upon the Indians, and defier for fum of our Boats to attend. So we took it to be of Nefefity for our leflanders one half one Day and Night to atend and the other half the next, fo by Turnes for our owne Safety. In this Time fum Indians fell a pilfering fum Houfes yt the Englifh had left, and a old Man and a Lad going to one of thefe Houfes did fee three Indians run out thereof. The old Man bid the young

1 The Execution of the alleged plundering the Houfes of the Eng- Murderers of Saflamon, greatly ir- lifh, on the 24th of June, 1675. ritated the Indians, infomuch that Irritated at this, the Indians were Philip, fending the Wives and fired upon, and one was wounded. Children of his Tribe for Protec- Accounts differ fomewhat in rela- tion to the Narraganfctts, allowed tion to the Manner in which Hof- his young Men to commence Ag- tilities commenced. — Ed. greffions by killing the Cattle and

[ ^7]

Man llioot; fo he did, and a Indian fell doune, but got away againe. It is reported y' fum Indians came to the Garelbn, afked why they iliot the In- dian. Thay alTced whether he was dead. The Indians faid yea. A Englifh Lad faied it was no Mater. The Men indevered to inform them it was but an idell Lad's Words, but the Indians in hafte went away and did not hearken to them. The next Day, the Lad that (hot the Indian, and his Father, and fief Englifh Men wear killed fo the War begun with Philip.' But ther was a Queen y' I knew

1 An Account printed foon after Son away), as he was going out of

this War in London, and repub- the Houfe was fet on and fhot by

lifhed in Bofton in 1836, with others Indians. His Wife being not far

under the Tide of the 0/(/ /»<//«» off, heard the Guns go ofF, went

Chronicle, gives the following Ver- back," and fell into their Hands,

fion of this Event. " By this Time Difhonored and aftervvards fcalped

the Indians have killed feveral of by them, fhe immediately died,

our Men, but the iirfl that was killed and her Son was at the fame Time

was June 23, a Man at Swanfey ; fcalped. " They alfo the next Day

that he and his Family had left his killed fix or feven Men at Swanfey,

Houfe amongft the Reft of the In- and two more at one of the Garri-

habitants, and adventuring with his fons ; and as two Men went out of

Wife and Son (about twenty Years one of the Garrifons to draw a

olc) to go to his Houfe to fetch them Bucket of Water, they were Ihot

Corn, and fuch like Things (he and carried away." Drake's Book

having juft before fent his Wife and of the Indians, 209.— Ed.

[ ^8 ]

was not a Party with Philip, and Plimoth Governor recumended her y' if fhe wold cum to our lefland it wold be well fhee defired fhee might if it w^ear but with but fix of her Men.' I can fufitiantly prove, but it is to large here to relate, that fhee had praftifed much the Quarell might be decided with- out War ; but fum of our Englilh allfo, in Fury againft all Indians, wold not confent fhee fhould be refeved to our lefland although I profered to be at all the Charge to fecuer her and thofe fliee defired to cum with her ; fo at length prevailed we might fend for her ; but one Day acfedentaly we

1 This Indian Queen was un- her People, induced her to decline doubtedly Awalhonks, Squaw Sa- the Invitation and to confent to chem of Sogkonate (Seconet), the place herfelf under the Proteftion Wife of an Indian, called Tolony. of the Englilh. He advifed her to Her Refidence was on a Peninfula pafs over to Rhode Ifland for Se- on the northeaft Side of Narragan- curity, and proceeded to Plymouth fet Bay, oppofite the Ifland of Rhode to make Arrangements according to Ifland, and now chiefly included in this Agreement. He arrived June the Town of Compton, R. I. A 7, but was prevented from return- few Days before the War com- ing by the Outbreak of Hoftilities, menced, Philip fent fix of his War- and the good-hearted Awafhonks riors to invite her to join him in it. was conftrained, though reluftantly, Mr. Benjamin Church, who after- to join Philip. Drake's Book of the wards adled a confpicuous Part in Indians, 249 ,• Bnyley's Plymouth, the War, and who had lived with ii, 28, 32. Church.— Ed. his Family a Year in the midft of

[ 19 ]

wear prevented, and then our Men had leafed lum Cannes on her Side, lupoling they wear Phihp's, and the next Day a EngHlh Houfe was there burned and Milchief of either Side indevered to the other, and much dun, her Houfe burned ; and fo we wear prevented of ani Menes to atain hir. The Englifh Army cam not downe as informed thay wold, fo PhiUp got over, and they could not find him. Three Days after, thay came doune, had a veri flormy Night, y' in the Morning the Foote wear difabled to return. Before they had Refrefhment, thay wear free to acfept, as we wear willing to re- lieve them, I but .... Trupers fayed of their Cap-

^ The Government of Maflachii- the Indians, it was decided to march

fetts at firft imagined that Hoftilities to Mount Hope where Philip was

might be averted by Mediation, but ported. The Inclemency of the

were quickly undeceived, and on Weather prevented an immediate

the 26th of June, they difpatched a Execution of this Purpofe for feveral

Company of Infantry and of Horfe Days, which Delay was improved

to Mount Hope, to aid the Ply- by the Indians in efFefting their

mouth Forces already in the Field. Elcape by Water, and when the

They reached Swanfcy in two Days, Troops finally proceeded, they met

deprefled with gloomy Forebodings only with revolting Trophies of

from a lunar Eclipfe, in which the Maffacre and Defolation. The

Superftitious read a melancholy Quarters lately occupied by the

Omen of the divine Difpleafure. Enemy were found deferted, with

After feveral fharp Encounters with Evidences of their precipitate Flight.

[ 20 ]

taine they defpifed it, and fo left the Foote. After the Foote had refrefhed themfelfs they alfo re- turned to their head Quarters, and after hunt[ing] PhiUp from all fea Shores, y' thay could not tell what was becum of him, the Naroganfet Kings informed us y' the Queen aforefaid muft be in a Thicket, a ftarving or conformed to Philip ; but thay knew Ihee wold be glad to be from them, fo from us had Incuragement to get her and as mani as they could from Philip.'

Finding no Enemy, General Cud- through the Influence of Mr. Ben-

deback with fome of" the Plymouth jamin Church, friendly Relations

Forces pafled over to Rhode Illand were reftored between her and the

to obtain better Shelter than could Englifh. She offered to join her

be found at Mount Hope, while Forces with thofe of the Colonifls

Major Savage with the MafTachu- againft the Enemies of the latter, on

fetts Troops, remained in the open Condition that fhe and all of her

Fields through an inclement Night, Warriors with their Wives fhould

and the next Morning returned to have their Lives fpared, and that

Swanfey. Baykfs Plymouth, ii, 38. none of them fhould be tranfported

— Ed. out of the Country. This Treaty

^The Afhftance which Awafh- was never afterwards broken. About

onks rendered to Philip was more the Year 1 700 there were one hun-

from Fear or Policy than from In-	dred Men of this Tribe, and about
clination. She and her People ap-	1760, a mortal Fever fwept off
pear to have fpent the Winter with	many. A Remnant was living in
the Enemy on the Frontiers of Maf-	Compton in 1803. Drake's Book
fachufctts, and in June, 1676.	of the Indians, 252.— Ed.

[ 21 ]

After the Englifli Army, without our Conlent or informing us, came into our Colony, brought the Naroganfet Indians to Articles of Agreement to them.' Philip being flead, about a 150 Indians came in to a Plimouth Garrifon volentarley. Pli- mouth Authority fould all for Slafes (but about lix of them) to be carried out of the Country.- It is

1 The Maflachufetts Government had given Orders for their Troops to proceed to the Narraganfett Country and prevent any Aid being rendered by them to Philip. Part ot the Country occupied by theie Indians was found abandoned, and feveral Days elapfed before they met with any Indians with whom to treat. At length four Men were found, whom the Englifh ftyled Sachems, and a Treaty in the Name of the whole Tribe, fecured by Hoftages, and moft humiliating in its Condidons, was drawn up, and figncd on the 15th of July, 1675. This Treaty was held at Pettyquamfott, now Narrow River. By this Agreement, the Narraganletts were bound to the impoflibleTafkoffeizingall and eve- ry of Philip's Subjefts, and bringing them dead or alive to the Englifli ; they were to kill them wherever

found, and to reftore all ftolen Goods. A large Reward was pro- mifed for Philip delivered alive, or for his Head if (lain. B^yley's Ply- mouth, ii, 48 ,• Drake's Book of In- dians, 2 1 1 . — Ed.

^ Soon after the Deftruction of Dartmouth, a Party of Indians who had not been concerned in the Out- rage, were induced to furrender through Perfuafion and Promifes and were taken to Plymouth where the Government ordered the whole, to the Number of about one hun- dred and fixty, to be fold as Slaves. Bay/cy's Plymouth, ii, 47. " In the beginning of the War, Capt. Mof- eley capaired eighty who were con- fined at Plymouth. In September following, one hundred and eighty Captives were put on boarda Veflel commanded by Captain Sprague,

[ 22 ]

true the Indians genaraly are very barbarous Peopell but in this War I have not heard of their torment- ing ani, but y' the Englifh Army cote an old Indian and tormented him. He was well knone to have bine a long Time a veri decrepid and harmlefs In- dian of the Queen's.' As Philip fled the forefaid Queen got to the Naroganfets, and as manni of her Men as fhe could get, but one Part of the Naro- ganfets Agreement to Bofton was to kill or deliver as mani as they could of Philip's Peopell, therefore Bofton Men demanded the fore faid Queene and others y' thay had fo refeved ; for which the In- dians wear unfree, and made mani Excufes, as that the Queen was none of them, and fum others

who failed with them from Plymouth tion, and in their Eagernefs to ac- forSpain." Drake's Book of Indians, ccmplilh this Purpofe, friendly In- 224. In Rhode Ifland, Numbers dians and thofe who had furrendered of Indian Captives were fold into themfelves under Pledges of Pro- Servitude for a limited Time. — Ed. teftion were in feveral Cafes mafla- cred. In September, 1675, an ' While this Reputation of For- Indian Prifoner was executed in bearance from Cruelties on the Part Bofton, to appeafe the Fury of the of the Indians is fcarcely fuftained Mob, " in a Manner fo revolting, by the Evidence of cotemporary that were the Truth alone related. Records, that of Barbarity to the the Reader's Belief might be con- Indian Prifoners by the Englilh is founded. Drake's Boston, 410. — abundandy proven. The War was Ed. upon both Sides one of Extermina-

r 23 ]

wear but Sudierners with Philip becafe removed by the Englifh having got their Land, and wear of their Kindred, which we kno is true, not but we think they did flielter mani thay fhould not, and yt they did kno fum of their Men did affift Philip, but according to their barbarous Ruells thay ac- counted fo was no Rong, or they could not help it. But fum enemies Heds thay did fend in, and told us thay wear informed y' however when Winter came thay might be fuer the Englifli wold be their Enemies. And fo thay flood doubtful for about 5 Months. The Englifli wear iealous that there was a generall Plot of all Indians againft Englifli ; and the Indians wear in like Manner iealous of the Englifli. I think it was generall, y' thay wear unwilling to be ronged, and y' the Indians did iudg the Englifli partiall againft them, and among all a philthy Crue y' did delire and indever for War ; and thofe of any Solidety wear againft it, and in- devered to prevent the War.' For conferning Philip

1 Although there were well ground- Colonies appointed Governor Wins-

ed Sufpicions that the Narraganfetts low. Commander in Chief of all

were in fecret Alliance with Philip, their Forces, and made Arrange-

War was not openly declared againft ments for an active Winter Cam-

them until November following, paign. Moore's Lives of Governors

The Commiffioners of the United ofN. Plymouth.— ^x>.

[ 24]

we have good Intelligence y' he advifed fum Eng- lilh to be gone from ther out Plafes where they lived or they wear in Danger to be killed ; but whether it wear to prevent a War, or by their Prefts informed if thay begun thay fhould be beaten, and otherwife not, fo we have good Intelligence ; for I do think moft of them had a Delire the Englifh would begin ; and if the Englifh be not carefull to manifeft the Indians mai expeft Equity from them, thay mai have more Enemies than thay wold, and more Cafe of Jelofy.'

The Report is, yt to y= Eftward the War thus begun, by fuppoling y' fum of thole Indians were at a Fight in thefe Parts, and y' thear thay faw a Man wounded, fo Authority fent fum forth to dis- cufer, having before difarmed thofe Indians and confined them to a Place which the Indians wear

1 " Tradition iays : ' He was on and increafc the Deftruction of

forced on by the Fury of his young his People,' and the Event proved

Men fore againtl his own Judgment he judged right." The Powaws had

and Inclination ; and that though given out an ambiguous Oracle, in

he forefaw and foretold the Englifh which they promifed the Indians

would in Time by their Induftry would be fuccefsful, if the Englifh

root out all the Indians, yet he was fired the firfl Gun , and that no

againfl making War with them, as Englifhman fhould ever kill Philip,

what he thought would only hurry Callender^s Dijcourjc, i 26. — Ed.

[ 25 ]

not ofended at ; but thele Men coming upon them in a warlike Poftuer, they fled ; y' the Men cote but 3 of them. Thofe in Authority fent out againe to excufe themfelfs, but thay could only cum to the Spech with one Man ; as he kept out of their Rech, thay excufed themfelfs and faid his Father was not hurt ; one of them thay had taken. He faid he could not believe them, for if it was fo, thay wold have broft him ; thay had bin defaitfull to difarm them, and fo wold have killed them all ; and fo he run away, and then Englifli wear killed, and the Report is, y' up in the Country here away thay had demanded the Indians' Armes, and went againe to parrell with them, and the Indians by Ambuflicade tretcheroufly killed 8 y« wear going to treat with them.'

When Winter was cum we had Leter from

1 This account appears to be an received from the Englifli, and the

incorreft Report of the Proceedings latter having the next Year enticed

againft the Indians under Wonolan- about 400 Indians within their

cet, in the Country of the Merri- Power, fold into foreign Slavery or

mack in September, 1675. As this executed more than half of this

Tranfaftion is elfcwhere reported. Number. Drake's Book of Indians,

the Indians exhibited an unparalleled 279. — Ed. Forbearance under the Injuries they

26

Bofton of the iunited Comitioners that thay wear refolved to reduce the Naroganfets to Conformity, not to be trubled with them ani more, and defered fum Help of Botes and otherwife, if we faw Cafe, and y' we fhould kepe Secret conferning it.' Our Governor fent them Word we wear fatesfied Nar- raganfets wear tretcherous, and had ayded Phihp,

1 The CommilTioners of the United Colonies met at Bofton, September 9, 1675, at which thofe of Plymouth laid before their Body a Narrative of the Origin and Pro- grcfs of the War. Upon receiving this they at once declared War againfl the Indians, and agreed to raife a thoufand Soldiers of whom half were to be Dragoons. Thefe Troops were levied upon the fever- al Colonies in the following Pro- portion: Maflachufetts 527, Ply- moudi 158, Conneaicut 315. To encourage volunteer Parties, the Plunder which they might obtain, whether Goods or Pcrfons, was promifcd to the Captors, and Boun- ties were offered to friendly Indians for fiich Captives of the Enemy as they might bring in. Although the Narraganfctts had been fufpefted to

Phili

; Plar

Individuals of that Tribe had been found openly engaged in Arms againft the Englifh, it does not ap- pear that they had fully and openly commenced Holfilitiesat this Time. In Oftober, 1675, a written En- gagement had been renewed by fe- veral Sachems of the Tribe in which they engaged to deliver up every Indian belonging to Philip, the Po- caffet Squaw (Weetamoo, former Wife ofAlexander, Philip's brother), Saconet, Ouabaug, Hafley, or other hoftile Indians. This Agreement had been evaded, and the united Colonies were in Confequence in- duced to undertake their Extermina- tion. At another Meeting the Force formerly ordered was increafed, and their united Forces were placed under the Command of Jofias Winllow of Plymouth Colony.

[ 27] and as we had afifted to relive ther Army before, (o we fliould be ready to afift them ftill, and advifed y' Termes might be tendred y' fuch might expedl Compation y^ would acfept not to ingag in War, and y' ther might be a Separation betwene the Gilty and the Inofent which in War could not be expedted, we not in the left expedling thay wold have begun the War and not before proclaimed it, or not give them Defianc.

I having often informed the Indians y' Englifh Men wold not begin a War, otherwife it was brut- ifli fo to do. I am forry fo the Indians have Cafe to think me defaitfuU, for the Englifli thus began the War with the Naroganfets, we having fent ofe our lefland mani Indians and informed them if thay kept by the water Side and did not medell ; y' however the Englifh wold do them no Harem, altho it was not fave for us to let them live here. The Army firft take all thofe Prifoners then fell upon Indian Houfes, burned them and killed lum Men. The War [began] without Proclamation, and fum of our Peopell did not kno the Englifli had begun Mifchief to Indians, and being confe- dent and had Cafe therefore ; y' the Indians wold

not hurt them before the Enghfh begun, fo did not kepe ther Garefon exadily ; but the Indians having refeued y' Mifchief came unexpedled upone them, deftroyed 1 45 of them befide other great Lofs, but the Enghfli Army fay thay fupofed Conetecot Forces had bine there. Thay folde the Indians yt thay had taken as afoerfaid, for Slafes, but one old Man yt was caried of our lefland upone his Sun's Back he was fo decreped could not go, and when the Army tooke them upon his Back caried him to the Garifon, fum wold have had him de- voured by Doges, but the Tendernes of fum of them prevailed to cut ofe his Head; and after came fudingly upon the Indians whear the Indians had prepared to defend themfelfs, and fo refeved and did much Mifchief, and for aboute fix Weeks fine hath bine fpent as for both Parties to recruet. And now the Englifli Army is out to feeke after the In- dians, but it is moft lickly y' fuch moft abell to do Mifchief will efcape, and Women and Children and Impotent mai be deftroyed, and fo the moft abell will have the lefs Incumbranc to do Mifchief'

1 The memorable fwamp Fight at the Time the above Narrative of Dec. 18, 19, had not occurred was written. In this languinary

[ ^9 j

But I am confident it wold be beft for the Englifh and Indians y' a Peas wear made upone oneft Terems, for each to have a dew Propriety and to enioy it without Opretion or lufurpation by one to the other, but the Enghfh dear not truft the Indian's Promifes, nether the Indians to the Eng- Hflies Promifes ; and each have gret Cafe therefor. I fee no Way Hkely, but if a SelTation from Arems might be procured untill it might be known what Terems King Charles wold propound; for we have gret Cafe to think the Naroganfet Kings wold truft our King, and y' thay wold have acfepted him to be Umpier if it had bine tendered, about ani Difer- anc ; for we do kno the Englifli have had much

Engagement the Indians loft over have been, confulted, yet they not 700, and of the Englifh 80 were only afforded Shelter and Proteftion killed and 1 50 wounded. (Sec to the flying Englilh, who deferted Coll. R. I. Hift. Soc, iii, 84; iv, from many of the neighboring 132; V, 161. Baylefs Plymouth, Plantations in Plymouth Colony, ii, 93. Drake's Book of Indians, and were kindly received by the 2 1 8. Alfo Hubbard, Mather and Inhabitants, and relieved and allow- other Hiftorians). The Share taken ed to plant the next Year on their by Rhode Ifland in this War is thus Commons for their Support; but ftated by Callender : " As to the they likewife furnifhed fome of the Part this Colony had in that War, Forces with Provifions and Tranf- it muft be obferved that though the ports." Hijl. Difcourje, 133. — Ed. Colony was not, as they ought to

Contention againfl thefe Indians to invaledthe king's Determination for Naroganfet to be in our Colony; and we have Cale to think y' was the great Cafe of the war againfl: them.

I fee no Menes likely to prevent a Sefation from Arems, except the Gouevner of New York can find a Way fo to interfete, and fo it will be likely a Peafe mai be made without trubbling our King • not but it allwais hath bine a Prinfipell in our Col- only, yt ther fhould be but one fupreme to Englifh Men, and in our natief Country wher ever Englifh have lurifdidlion ; and fo we know no Englifh fhould begin a War and not firft tender for the King to be Umpier, and not perfecute fuch y' can not conforem to ther Worfhip ; and ther Worfhip be what is not owned by the King, the King not to mind to have fuch Things redrefed, fum mai take it that he hath not Pouer, and that ther mai be a Wai for them to take Pouer in Opofition to him.' I am fo perfwaided of New England Prifts,

1 It will be remembered that the an Afylum from the religious In-

Writer of this Account was a Qua- tolerance of Maffachufetts. The

ker, who many Years before, with Seft to which he belonged was ef-

others, had fought in Rhode Ifland pecially noted for its Difapproval

[ 31 ] thay are lb .blinded by the Spirit of Perfecution and to maintaine to have Hyer, and to have Name to be mere Hyrelings y' thay have bine the Cafe yt the Law of Nations and the Law^ of Arems have bine violated in this War; and y' the War had not bine if ther had not bine a Hyerling, that for his Moni, giving what he caleth the Gofpel by Voio- lanc to have it chargabell for his Gaine from his Quarter; and if ani in Magiftracy be not fo as ther pack Horfes, thay will be trumpating for I novation or War.'

5 : 12"'' : 1675. Poadiejian.

£j^U {^u.

of the Syftem of a profeirional and ^ The Sequel of the War of paid Clergy, common among other 1675-6, is briefly ftatcd in the in- religioiis Denominations. — Ed. troduftory Chapter, — Ed.

PAPERS

RELATING TO PHILIP'S INDIAN WAR.

Letter from Govertior Francis Lovelace of New Torkj to Governor Benedict Arnold of Newport.

[Orders, Warrants, Letters, ii, 461.]

SR This Opportunity prefenting, I was willing to give you Notice of y^ Apprehenfion fome Perfons at ye eaft End of Long Illand have of Com- ocons like to arife by their Indians and yoi's of the Narraganfett, fett on by their Sachem Ninfecraft, againft the Englifh.' A Copy of fome PafTages in a

^ Apprehenfions of Indian Hof- Ninicraft was charged with detaining tilities, appear to have been enter- fome Indian Servants of Thomas tained in Rhode Idand at this Period. Torrcy of Blocic Ifland, and on the

5

[ 34 ]

Letter fent exprefTe from thence to mee, I here inclofed fend you. For my Part I can not thinke them in a Condicon ftrong enough to make any fuch bould Attempt. Whatfoever their Will may bee, however, its Good to be cercumfpect and to provide againft the Worft. I fhall defire you would make Enquiry into y^ Matter, and fend mee yo"" Opinion of it by y^ Firft.

It feemes Nonecrafl; hath become an old Enemy to y^ Englilh fo to be fufpedred. Mr. Thomas Terry,' of Block Ifland, informes mee that he hath had 6 Indyans Servants run away from him, which Nonecrafl protedts and keepes, though none of his Indians. I thinke you may do well to admonifh him of it, and that hee ought not to doe the leaft

20th ot July, 1669, a Warrant was ftated that he had formerly taken

iffued for his Arrclt on Sufpicion of Captive their Sachem's Daughter,

a Plot, feven of Philip's ancient Men and obliged them to pay him Tri-

having been with him nine or ten butc. The Sachem and his Daugh-

Days without fufficicnt Reafon. He ter were both dead, and the Tribute

appeared eight Days after and ftated after fome Difficulty, had been lately

that the Indians had had a great paid. He was again fummoned

Dance lately, which was an Invoca- before the Governor and Council

tion for a plentiful Harveft. He in Auguft, but was difmifled. Coll.

afcribcd the Report of hoftile In- R. I. Hijf. Soc, iii, 71. — Ed.

tentions to a Long Ifland Indian, and ' Torrey.

[ 35 ] Injury to the Englilh under whole Proteftion hee liues, without giving Satisfadlion for it. It may bee by his Anfwer you may iudge of his Intent. I have not further but to defire a neighbourly and friend- ley Correfpondence between us, which fhall bee cherilhed upon all Occafions.

Yo"" affediionate Friend and Serv'

Francis Lovelace. New York this z^th July, 1669. To Mr. Benedict Arnold, Governo' of Rhode IJlartd.

[ 36 ]

Letter from Gover7ior Lovelace of New Torkj to Governor Arnold of Rhode Iflatid.

[Orders, Warrants, Letters, ii, 519.]

For y( Hon^^^ M'' Benedict Arnold, Governo'' &c. of Rhode I/land, riiefe : S' I rec^y L^^ of y^ ag'^^of July -69, in Anlwer to myne for which I muft render you my pticuler Thanks for thofe Civilityes you were pleafed to afford me in yC friendly Expreffions. Next, I cannot but kindly refeve y' Care you have fhowne in fetling ye Myndes of fome over credulous Prfons amongft us, who (being poffeft w'^^ a pannick Feare) were apt to entertaine very melancholly Thoughts according as they were inftilled by ye Intelligence and Informations of fome fond Indians, to y^ great Difturbance of y= publique Peace, and by it ani- mating ye Heathens who taking Courage from our Feare might be apt to breake forth into Extrava- gances not to be redreft w'^out a War re, and all ye Miferyes attending it, but thofe Apprehenfions are now vanifht and men's Myndes by ye Reafon of

[ 37 ]

yor excellent L''': well pacified and fettled, neither do I believe they will too haftily againe give Cre- dence to y= Information of a faithlelle and falfe Generation. All that I (hall further add and heartily defire for y^ Future, is that this friendly and neigh- bourly Correfpondence W^^ by this Occafion hath had its firfl Rife, may by y= fame Zeale and Kind- nefl'e be continued ; to w'^'^ we are not onely oblieged by y^ comon Tyes of Xtianit ybut comon Safety, and ye HappinefTe promifed to all Brethren living in Love and Unity togeth'' w^h as none fhall be ready to cherifh it more than myfelfe, as to y^ Gen""*! fo I fhall not be wanting to embrace all Occaiions to demonflrate yc fmcere Service I have to you pticuler in y^ Compellation of

Yo"" afFed:ionate Freind and Serv'

Fran. Lovelace. Fort 'James in N. Torke, Aug. 2^th, 1669.

[ 38 ]

RxtraSi from a Letter f?/' Francis Lovelace Governoiir of New York^ to Thomas Prence, Governour of New Plymouth^ dated May 5, 167 1.

[Court of Affizeii, 678.]

* * * As to yC Indyan Affaires,' I am heartily glad that yo"" Courage and Wifdome has met w'^ that Succefs as to compell him to a Com- placency to yo"" Defires ; and I verily believe (by w^hat Relacons I have met with) even of our own Indyans, the Defedlion feemed almoft univerfal. At prefent, there can be no better Prevention prac- tifd then Vigilancy, and fuch a Compofure towards them as may teftify wee rather defpife than feare them. The Confeffion of the Sagamore feems cleere enough, w^l^ if his Compundtion be foe toe, it then may proove in y= politique Body as fome- times it happens in y= naturall; that a Bone once broken and well fett, ftrengthens y« Limbe ; which

^ Alluding to the Difference that mouth Colony in 1 67 1 , mentioned arofe between Philip and the Ply- in a Note on Page . — Ed

[ 39]

good Effedl I heartily wifh it may have, and if my

Endeavors can any Wayes be fubfervient to you, you

fhall as freely command mee as I fubfcribe myfelfe

Yo"" affe"= ffriend and

Humble Servant,

_J,

tnjL

(TUlId/^

[ 40 ]

Fragment of a Letter from Governor John WiNTHROP of Connecticut, to the Governor of New Tork.^

[N. Y. Colonial MSS., xxiv.]

New London, June 29, 1675.

P. . . . att M"- Richards Smith tt I met Capt Hutch- n Bofton with a Lre verno'' and Council! dir . . Le . . . craft, and the ca, the Contents whe . . . ernore p'ticularly ams, which being brought to . . . morning with the laid Robert

of the farther Confirmation of the Truth of the Murther committed upon feveral Englifh by Phi- lip ; there is Pi" paration for Conveyance to your-

1 ThePartsofthisLetterindicatcd was probably the earlicft Intelligence by Dots have been loft, but enough ot the Outbreak of Indian Hoftili- remains to Ihow its general Tenor. It tics that reached New York. — Ed.

[41 ]

felfe, and being fomething ill myfelfe lince my Returne, have defired M'' Witherly what Intelli- gence is paffing, to convey it.

A Coppy is fubfcribed p""

J. WiNTHROP,

[42 ]

Fragment of a Letter from New Lo?idon about the Lidian News.

[New York Colonial MSS., xxiv.]

New London, June 29, 1675. Yeftarday Lef' Avery, myfelfe and fome others went vp to Vncas,' to vnderftand, ifF poflible we could, how he flood afFedled to PhilHp's Defigne. He informed us that he heard of much Damage done by Philip, by killing many Englifli, and burning theire Houies. But would not be known that he held any Correfpondence with him, but vpon care- full Vew, we have Reafon to beleive that moil: of his Men are gone that Wa . . ath . . very

1 Uncas, Sachem of the Mohc- ihc Englifh till his Death, and in gans. He was originally a Pequot, the Wars withPhilip,he fenta Num- but revolted from the Sachem of ber of his Warriors to their Affift- that Tribe, and upon the Settlement ance. His Friendfhip to the Englifli of the Englifli in Connefticut, he appears to have been diftatcd by became their Ally and aided in the Policy rather than Affedtion, and Wars that proved fo difaftrous to his he ftrenuoufly oppofcd the Intro- native Tribe. Although his Villainies duftion of c'hriftianity and Civili- occafioncd frequent Annoyance and zation among his People. — Ed. Anxiety, he remained attached to

[43 J

th . . . . . three

few Men Gunns it m .

hath had great ......

and many prefen ......

that particular Courfe ....

Part, into a Pofture of .

It is reported that ..... expefts farther ......

(Copy) Subfcribed by ....

[ 44

Council Minutes concer7ii?ig IndiaJi Hojiilities.

[Council Minutes, iii, 4+.]

At a Councell July 4th, 1675.

Prefent, The Governor,

The Secretary, Capt. Brockholes, Mr. J. Laurence, Capt. Dyre.

It is the Opinion of the Councell that Conedticott doth not expedt nor delire AfTiftance from us in Relacon to the Indyan Difturbance at this Time.'

Upon due Confideracon of y Intelligence now fent from thence concerning y^ Indyans,

1 At the Time that Indian Hof- Conftru6lion was fubfequently ap- tilities commenced, in June, 1675, proved by the Duice of Yorki but the Governor and Council of New from prudential Reafons its Adjuft- York were aftively difcuffing the ment was deferred. Coll. Hift. N.Y. Queflion of Boundary, and an Ex- iii, 235. The Council coinciding pedition was in Preparation with with the Governor had pafled a the View of enforcing the Claims Refolution declaring that Difobedi- of New York if found expedient, ence to his Majefty's Pleafure, as The Patent of the Duke of York fignified by Letters Patent, was Re- was claimed by Andros as extend- bellion. Council Minutes, m, 42. — ing to the Connefticut, and this Ed.

[45 ] Refolved, That y^ Governo'' doe proceed on his intended Voyage to Conedlicott forthwith, and do take a Force with him, to be in a Capacity to pro- tect that Part of his Royall HighnefTe Government, as there may be Occafions.

[ 46 ]

A Letter from the Governour to Governour WiNTHROP, Upon the Indyan News.

[Warrants, Orders, Pafles, iii, 117.]

About 3 a Clock this Morning, [July 4] I rec^ yo'^of the i^ Inft, together with feverall Copyes of 1^^^^, of the Indyans being in Armes in Plymouth Colony, and their having deftroyed feverall Chrift- ians to the Eaflward of you, as neare as Narrow- ganfett, and Apprehencon of their trending further to you wards. I am very much troubled at the Chriftians' Misfortunes, and hard Difafters in thefe Parts, being fo overpowered by fuch Heathen.

Here upon I have haftened my coming to your Parts, and added a fforce to bee ready to take fuch Refolucons as may be fitt for mee, upon this extra- ordinary Occafion, with which I intend (God will- ing) to fett out this Evening, and to make the beft of my Way to Conned:icutt River, his Royall

[ 47] Highneffes Bounds there ; where at my Arrivall you Ihall heare further from

Yo"" mod humble Serv'

This was fent in Poft haft, from Conf' to Conftable.'

1 The earlieft Propofition for the Previoufly Intelligence was conveyed Eftabliflimcnt of a regular Poft is by fpecial Exprefs, or occafional believed to have been made in 1672. Opportunities. — Ed.

A Letter to Governor Carterett, upo?i the Indyan News ; fent July ^th^ 1675.

[Warrants, Orders, PafTcs, iii, 117.] Honed Sr .

The feverall inclofed Copyes, came to my Hands at 3 o'clock this Morning, which I thought fitt (as foone as I could), to difpatch to you, that you may fee the Power of, and Outrages commit- ted by the Indyans in Plymouth Colony, as farre as Narrowganfett, on the Chriflians ; and Appre- hencons of their further Proceedings, upon which, I have quickened my Voyage that Way, and refolve to take a Force with mee, which I intend (God willing) to imbarke this Night for Connedticutt River.

I am in Hafte S''

Yo'' humble Servant,

E. Andros.

1 P ■ arteret. Governor of New Jerfcy.

A Lre at Seabrooke, from the Go. to the Go. or Dep^y Go. and AJfiJlants., or chief e Magijirates of the Colony of Con- e&icuttf to be delivered to the Chiefe of them at Hartford.,^ J^ly ^^^h ^^75'

[Warrants, Orders, PaiTes, iii, 1 1 8.]

Honobie Gent.

I writt to you at large, the 28th paft, by Mr. John CoUyer, and alfo by another the 4* Inftant in the Morning, by Returne of yo^ Exprefle, upon yo"" Notice of the Indyans' Rebellion and Barbarifme did give you Acco' of my Intent this Way, and to this Place, where I am now arrived. But finding no Occafion heer upon the Indyan Acco' I am fending a fmall VelTel further eaflward for Intelli- gence, and do fend this by Exprefs to you, in his Ma'ics and Royall Hignefle Behalfe to delire your

1 Governor Andros, upon his Force haftily aflembled from the

Arrival at Saybrook, made a formal neighboring Militia, he prudently

Demand of Surrender, but being forebore further Mcafurcs of Hof-

met by a fpirited Refu(al on the tility, and (hortly after croflcd to

Part of Capt. Bull in Command of Long Mand. Dun/ap'i Hift. N. T.

the Fort, fupported by a refpeftable i, 13?, — Ed,

7

[ 50 ]

direft and effediuall Anfwer to my former L'''^, which I here attend in Difcharge of my Duty, ac- cordingly.

In the Meantime I remaine Honobic Gent.

Yo"" affec=»*'^ ffriend and Humble Serv'

E, Andross,

[ 51 ]

A Letter of the fame Date from Governour Andros to the Governour of Bojlon.

[Orders, Warrants, PalTcs, iii, 1 1 8.]

HonoWc Sr

I cannot omitt this Opportunity by M'' An- drew Belcher, with my Refpedls, to give you an Acco' of my Arrivall to this Place, being intended to thele Parts upon Acco^ of the Limitts, exprelTed in his Ma"« Ij'^^ Patents, between his Royall H^^. and Connedlicutt : But fuddenly haftened by the Newes from Go : Winthrop, by Expreffe, of the Indyans Irruption and Barbaroufneffe ; of which Proceedings hearing no further, I hope there already is (or will be fpeedily) a good Event. And as to the Limits, having proceeded in yc faireft Manner, (according to his Ma"'-^ Pleafure and Commands) I will not doubt a luitable Ilfue therein, accordingly, for w^li, and the Indyan Concernes, I do attend here ; where I fliall bee glad, or at my Returne, of any Opportunity to ferve you, remaining, Honobie S>-

Yo"" very humble Serv'

E. Andross.

[ 52 ]

Letter from Gover?tour Andros to Major WiNTHROP, at New London.

[Orders, Warrants, PaflTes, iii, 119.]

Sr According to the Acc^^ I gave Go : Winthrop, I arrived yefterday to this Port, where I am very forry to hear of your continued Indifpofition, which I hearing no further Certainty of the Indyans Pro- ceedings, occafions my fending this fmall VefTell herewith, defiring to heare more particularly of yof Health, and if you pleafe, what Newes you heare of the faid Indyans. I have alfo ordered the Mafter, William Welch, (if you fhall thinke fitt) to proceed further eaftward, for Intelligence, not beyond Rhoad Ifland, and hope in the meane Time to have a good IlTue concerning the Limitts ; having proceeded therein according to his Ma''cs Pleafure and Commands, with all FairnelTe ; and Ihall ftill with all Refpedl in my Power, to the worthy Governor, and bee glad, I may bee any Wayes capable of ferving you, being really,

S"" Yc moft affec^'c humble Serv'

E. Andross.

Seabrooke, July the ()t/i, 1675.

[53 ]

InflrtiBions for William Welch.

[Warrants, Orders, PaiTcs, iii, 119.]

Having herewith rec*^ a L^^ to Major Winthrop, you are forthwith to repaire with it to New London, and having dehvered the fame, (if he fhall think fitt) to proceed further eaftward, as he Ihall diredl, for InteUigence about the Indyans, but not further than Road Ifland : And having his Defpatch, that you make the beft of yo"" Way back to this Port. I wifh yo" a good Voyage, and am, Yo'' loving ifriend.

Seabrooke, July the ^t/i, 1675.

[ 54]

A Lj^^ fent from the Governor Jo Capt. John Young, at Southold.

[Warrants, Orders, Pafles, iii, 1 1 9.]

Capt. Tomig :

Being afore defigned for thefe Parts, I was haftened the fooner, by the Receipt of the L'''^ from Go : Winthrop, with the InteUigence of the Indyan Difturbence, and Infurreftion in Plymouth Colony, fo that I immediately made ready to come out with two Sloopes, and arrived to this Place, where I may flay yet fome few Days longer. I have this Even- ing received a L'"= from Major Winthrop, relating to the Indians being difperft, but continue in their mifchievous Practices. Having now this Opportunity by a Boat going over to Southhold,' I w^as willing to advertize you hereof. And the rather it being by them eaftward fufpedled that there is a gen^n In- telligence and Confederacy between the Indyans even to Delaware Bay, which wee cannot perceive to the Weftward. But if you do finde any Thing

1 On the north Side of Long Idand and near its eaft End.

[ 55 ]

from yor Parts, amongft thole Indyans, I defire you'l give mee prefent Notice to this Place, and in the meane Time, will not doubt yo"^ Care upon all Occafions ; And do intend (God willing) to fee you in my Returne. I hope Mr. Arnolde and Mr. Silvefler gott well to Bofton, having heard Nothing to the Contrary, though many others found Dead upon the Wayes. I am

Yo"" very loveing ffriend.

E. Andros. Seabrooke, July loth, i6j^.

[ 56 ]

A Letter to Mr. Thomas Backer, yujlke of the Peace at Eajl Hampton ^ of the fame Date.

[Warrants, Orders, Pafles, iii, 1 20.]

[The Beginning as the former ; the Conclufion viz :] At my going from hence I do intend (God wDUng) either to fee you, or to fend a Sloope, for the Endeavouring the getting up, or taking in of thofe Guns of the Wreck, which I writt to you of before. Therefore if the Indyans have not done it already I pray they may be in Readyneffe for it, which I thinke may bee in a few Dayes. I am Yo«

E. Andros.

">!

A Letter to Mr. Thomas Mayhew, or Chief e Magijlrate at Martin s Vineyards

[Warrants, Orders, Palfcs, iii, l 20.]

South hold, July the 14*, 1675. Mr. Mayhew :

Having Notice of the Irruption of the Indyans,

^ Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and the adjacent Iflands, as well as the Country on the Coall of Maine, eaftward of the Kennebec, had

been purchafed by the Duke of hew had bee

York from the Earl of Stirling, and of Martha's Vineyard for Life,

were at this Time Dependencies of With fuch Afliduity and Succefs had

the Government of New York. The he labored for the Converfion of

Country in Maine known as Pevui- the Indians upon thefe Iflands, that

quid and its Dependencies, was tranf- although much more numerous than

fcrrcd to Maflachufetts in 1686, on the Whites, the latter retained their

the Acceffion of the Duke of York to Fricndfhip without Interruption, and

the Throne as James II, and the thefe Iflands became an Afylum for

former Iflands were included in many Englifli Families driven from

the New England Charterin 1692. the Main-Land by Philip's War.

A local Government had been or- There is no Evidence that the flight-

ganizcd at Nantucket and Martha's eft Difaffcdlion prevailed among the

Vineyard, under the Direftion of a Natives on thefe Iflands during the

Chief Magiftrate in each Ifland, War. N'Wtucket Papers, Albany,

and a General Court held alternately 1856. — Ep. in one and the other. The De-

cifior	IS of thii	> Court	were fubjca to
Appc	■al to the	;Govcr	nour and Coun-
cil a:	nd to the Cot	jrt of Aflize al
New	York.	Mr.	Thomas May-
hew had bee	n appoi	nted Governour

[ 58 ]

and their barbarous Proceedings againft the Englifh, in and on this Side of Plymouth Colony, hath oc- cafioned myhaftening to vifite thefe Parts and to take Order in any Thing that may bee wanting for their Security : To which End I am proceeding as firre as South and Eafl: Hampton. But left you and yo"" Neighbors of Nantuckett bee not furniflit with Ammunicon, and thereby fufter by the faid Indyans Irruptions, I have without Delay, defpatcht this Sloope w'h Ammunicon, and to inquire of yo"" State, to wit, for you one Barrell of Powder, ffifteen Mullcetts, and foure Skeynes of Match. The which, to bee returned in kinde, to the Stores at New Yorke, when you can with Convenience bee kip- plyde. I defire you will furnifli the Mafter of the Sloope with a Pilot, or Direcons to Nantuckett, as hee (liall have Occafion ; And that you will fend mee by him, an Acco' of the State of all Things with you, in this prefent Jundlure, as to y= Strength or Pofture of Defence, if any of the faid Indyans fliould attempt to come upon yo"" Ifland, that I may take fuch further Order as may he fitt. In w-^ I fliall not faile (God willing.) All our Indyans

L 59 J

weftward, are hitherto very quiett, and promife faire, and I hope, will not intermeddle. I am,

Yo"

A L^e of the fajne T'enof and Date was fent to Nantuckett by the Sloope at that Time lik '

The Ammunicon fent thither was one Barrell of Powder, ten Mufketts, and three Skeynes of Match.

The L^*^ was diredled. To M"" Richard Gardner, and Capt. John Gardner, or Chiefe Magiftrate and Offic's at Nantuckett.

I 6o J

InJlruEiiom for Franck Lee, being fent with his Sloope to Martin's Vineyard and

Nantuckett.

[Warrants, Orders, Paffcs, iii, 121.]

Franck Lee :

Having received on Board yoi" Sloope two Barrells of Powder, twenty-five Mulketts, and feven Skeynes of Match, with a L>^e to Martin's Vineyard, and another to Nantuckett, and a Pilott to the faid Places, you are, (Wind and Weather permitting) to make Sayle the next Tyde, and the befl of yo"" Way thither, where being arrived, you are to deliver my L^^^ to Mr. Mayhew, or Chiefe Officer at Martin's Vineyard, together with one Barrel! of Powder, ffifteen Mufketts, and foure Skeynes of Match, and at Nantuckett my other L''^ with one Barrell of Powder, ten Mufketts, and three Skeynes of Match, taking a Receipt of the Chiefe Magiftrate or Officer, at each Place, to whom you fliall deliver it. Having fo done, you are not to flay in either Place above one Tyde, unlefTe it may happen that the Indyans fliould flock over from the

[ 6i ]

Maine, and the Chiefe Magiftrate or Officer defire yo"" Affiilance for obftrufting the fame by Water; in W^^ Cafe you are to ftay, as there may bee Occa- fion, for their Prefervation ; which having p'formed, and received the L""" to mee, from the Chief Ma- giftrate or Officers in each Place, you are (Winde and Weather prmitting) to make the bell of your Way back, to mee, to New Yorke.

In yo"" going there and returne, you are to take Care, that ycfelfe, Souldyers and Seamen, be vigil- ant and careful! in the Bufinefl'e, and do give no juft Caufe of Complaint or Offisnce ; If they fliould not have Occafion, or defire y= Amies, you are to bring them back with you. I wifh you a good Voyage, and am

Yo'' loving ffriend,

E. Andros.

S out hold, July \\th, 1675.

[ 62 ]

AbfiraSi of a Letter from the Governour of Rhode If and to the Governour of New Tork^ dated July 21^, 1675.

[New York Colonial MSS, xxiv, 128.]

A great Part is a Relation of feverall Paffages of the Warre betweene Plymouth Colony and the Indyans, and their own being in a warlike Pofture of Defence.

Then relates the coming of an Army from Boflon and Connecticut Colonyes into their Colony (with- out informing them thereof) to bring the Indians there to their own Terms, and to call that Part of Roade Ifl Colony theirs (viz' Kingftoune in the Narroganfett Country)' and having made Terms

1 The Boundary between Rhode commended a Line much like the Ifland and Connefticut was during prefcnt, as the Boundary. A far- many Years a Subjcft of Difagrec- ther Attempt was made by Com- ment and often of angry Difpute, miffioners from the two Colonics in from the conflifting Terms of their November, 1699; but not until refpeaive Charters. In April 1663, May 12, 1703, were thefe Nego- Mr. John Winthrop, Agent for the tiations finally fettled by Articles of Colony of Connefticut, and Mr. Agreement that received the royal John Clarke, Agent for the Colony Sanftion Feb. 8, 1726. Coll. R. 1. of Providence, agreed to refer the Hift. Soc, iii, 200, 213. — Ed. Queftion to Arbitrators, who re-

[ 63 ]

with the Indians, tooke one Tho. Gould appointed a Conlervator of the Peace in Kingftown Prilbner, for queftioning whether they fhould not firftly have informed them of their coming with an Army within that Province, and pinioned him and guarded him, and the next Morne fentenced him to bee fent from Conftable to Conftable to Connedticutt Prifon with 8 Horfemen at his own Charge, but after- wards tooke Bayle from him.

And further, thofe of Connecflicutt have for- merly threatned Force, that we fliould not ufe the K's Authority there, and not to maintaine it for the K's Province, as confirmed to us. It intimates their Force was as much therefor as their Pretence ag'^ y= Indyans, and we doubt not but we could have prevailed to have brought y<^ Indyans to greater Conformity than they have done by their Armes ; and fo with Relacon of fome Skirmilhes with the Indyans take leave.

Signed,

R. CoDRINGTON.

[ 64 ] Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, 44.]

At a Councell, July 24, 1675.

Prefcnt, The Govcrnour.

Tlie Secretary, Capt. Brockholcs,

Mr. Jas. Lawrence, Capt. Dyre.

The Governo'' relates y^ feverall PalTages of his Voyage. '

Refolved, That an Order be fent to y^ feverall Tounes upon Long Ifland to continue a good Con- ftable's Watch until further Order, and to take Care that y^ Indyans now difarmed bee not any Wife injured, but affifted upon any Occafion re- quireing it.

That Mr. Pell^ be written to to take a daily Acco' of his Indyans, unlelle they fend Hoftages to this Place, which would be beft.

1 Referring to the Voyage to Say- in Pelham, on the Eaft River, near brook. Sec p, 49, the Line of Conncaicut. He was

the firft Lord of the Manor of Pcl-

2 John Pell, a Juftice of the liam ; born Feb. 3, 1643; died Peace, had fevcral Indians living on about 1700, Bolton's Wejlcheftcr. his Land at Anne Hooiics Neck, — Ep,

[ 65 ]

Letter from Governour Andros to Mr.

WoODHULL.' [Warrants, Orders, PafTcs, iii, 125.]

New Torke, Aiiguji the \'^ , 1675. Mr. WooDHULL :

I have this Afternoone rec^ yCs of the 4*, which I fuppofe was writ yefterday. You have done well in profecuting my Orders to yC out Indyans of XJnque change,'^ for their Armes, and par- ticularly fending a Party to compell them, when they did not pundlually bring them in, as you de- lired, which cannot bee amilTe, though 'tis poffible the Sachem being at South'ton, (as you alleadge) to that Day, and others difperft might have no

1 Richard Woodhull was born	until his Death,	which occurred
at Thenford, Eng., Sept. 13, 1620,	Oft. 18, 1699.	It is probably the
and removed to Long Ifland, about	Son that was addn	sffed in the above
1648, fettling firft at Jamaica, and	Letter. Thompfi)	7V Long IJIand,
afterwards at Setauket, in the pre-	ii, 398.— Ed.
fent Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk
County. He died Oftober, 1690.	2Thefc Indiai	IS inhabited the
He had a Son Richard, born Oft.	Point north of P(	iconic Bay, near
9, 1649, who was early chofen a	the eartcrn Extrer	nity of Long l^i-
Magiftrate, and retained the Office 9	land.— Ed.

[ 66 ]

Notice, fo not faulty. But I would not have you faile to feize ths Indyan MefTengers you fent, as foone as you can light on them, and unlefle they can give you a fatisfacftory Account of their En- deavo" that you fend them up hither, by the firfl Convenience, and for others, that you continue the fame Care for their Proteccon (being difarmed) and do them Juflice upon all Occalions requiring it, of which you may acquaint them againe.

I difpatch this the fooner to you, upon receiving this Night a Paper and Letter from the Eaftward, of which I fend you Copyes, defiring you'l fend forthwith towards Nefaquacke,^ to informe yourfelfe if there hath been any Meeting of the Indyans that Way, as intimated, and that you give Order to Mr. Smith to be careful, and give you Notice if any Thing happen there for the Future ; and that you take fuch Order therein as you Ihall judge neceffary, and give mee Account thereof, if any Thing re- quiring it.

^ The Nefaquakc Indians pof- of the Ifland in the northweftern

fcflcd the Country between the River Part of Suffolk County. Thompfon's

of that Name and Stony Brook, Long IJland ; Prime's L. IJlund. —

and from the Sound to the Middle Ed.

[ 67 1

As to the Charge of the Party, or any Thnig elfe concerning the PubUck, I think it ought to be borne by the Publicke, and fhall bee allowed out of the country Rates : But if any feeme to exadl at any Time, you may fend up their Demands hither, where it fhall bee determined, but none are to bee fuffered to refufe a publicke Service. I hope all our Indyans will bee quiet. But you are not (however) to omit yo"" watching till further Order. I am,

Yo^ very loving ffriend,

A Letter fent to Seatalcott by the Deputy Governour in the Governour s Abfence,

[Warrants, Orders, PaiTes. iii, i 26.]

Gent:

In the Abfence of the Governo" I rec^ your \j'^ by Serjeant Briggs. The Contents thereof relating lome Apprehencons you have, of yo"" In- dyans ill Defigne, for that they ftragle abroad, and are not conformable as they ought, to the Orders left by the Governour. I have made fome Enquiry about the Matter, and advifed thereupon, and in Anfv/er thereunto (at pfent) can make you no other Returne, then that you give yo"" Indyans Notice duly to obferve the Governo''^ Orders and Direccons ; and if any one of them fhall do any violent Adt, or harbor ftrange Indyans, without giving Notice thereof, that you fend them up hither, where they {hall be fecured to anfwer their Mifdemeanor or Contempt ; of the which, the Governc will fhortly bee back to bee Judge.

1 Gov. Andros was at this Time Purpofe of holding a Treaty with on a Journey to Albany for the the Mohawks. — Ed

[ 69 ]

In the meane Time, it will not bee proper for you to ihew any Doubts or Feares you may have of them ; onlly to have a vigilant Eye over their Accons, otherwife to live with them as formerly,

Tom the Indyan hath been heere, who faith hee came from the Sachem, only to fee if the Governor were returned, for that hee intends then to come to the Governo'' as hee was appointed. At his Honor's Returne (which may be expedled the latter End of this or Beginning of the next Weeke) fuch further Order will bee taken about yo"" Affaires as will bee thought convenient. This is all at pfent from,

Gent,

Yo'' very Loving ffriend,

Antho. Brockholes.

New Torky Aug*- 30'^, 1675.

1 70

Rumour of hidiari Hojiilities.

[New York Colonial MSS., xxiv, 137.]

September 10, '75. To Mr.TowNSEND,' or to the Conjtable and Overfeers

and Inhabitants of Oyjier Bay : Gentlemen and Naibours,

I being at the South, and our Naibours being informed by an Indian that the Indians would be fpeedily in Adlion, foe that it is my Advice to get yourfelves in the beft Pofter of Defenc you can, which is the Advice of

Your Friend,

Joseph Bayly.

' Henry and Richard Town- were then living at Oyfter Bay. SEND, Quakers, and their Families, Tbompfo/i's L. I. — Ed.

[ 7^ ] Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii, Part 2, 50.]

At a Councell, Septh" lo'^, 1675.

Prcjcnt, The Govcrnour,

The Secretary, Capt. Brockholcs,

Mr. Jas. Lawrence, Capt. Dyre. Mr. Frederick Philips.

*****

The Matter under Confideracon was about y^ In- dyans at this prefent Jundlure.

Refolved, That we ought not to breake w'^ our Indyans, upon Ace' of y-' Warre betweene our Neighbours and their Indyans, they receiving more Benefitt by o"" Peace w*l^ them, whereby they are hindred from joyning w* their Enemys.

Neither to prohibitt y^ felling of Powder to our Indyans, but to be regulated as formerly, and ac- cording to Law.

Refolved, To fend for all the Sachems, and ac- quaint them with y= Peace made above at Albany, and to alTure them that comporting themfelves as they ought, and have done, they fliall be protected.

[ 72 ]

and may live quiet, and thereupon, that an Order be made for the Redehvery of their Arms to them.

[Ihid. p. <;..]

■;; [Sept. 14, the fame Mernberg prelent.]

A flying Rumour of y^ Indyans taken into Con-

lideracon.

Ordered to be refpited for any Refolucon untill

ye Indyans come in or are heard of, they being fent

for.

[Sept. 15, the fame Members prefent.] Refolved, That y^ Indyans of Long Ifland fhall by Reafon of their good Comport, and y^ Seafon of ye Year, have their Guns reftored to them againe by ye Officers of ye Townes where they have been dehvered, unlefl'e to fuch Indyans as fhall not be thought fitt to be trufted therewith. Excepting Eaft Hampton and Shelter Ifland, who having paid Contribution to thofe of Narroganfett, are not to have their Armes for ye Prefent, but to have equall

[ 73 ]

Juftice, and (if quiet) Proted:ion, as others of y^ Government.

Copies of this Order were fent out.

Refolved, That there be a Proclamation ilTued forth to quiett people's Mindes, and fatisfy them of the Fallity of the late Reports about y^ Indyans ill Intents.

That each Toune upon Long Ifland and its De- pendencies be enjoyned to fortify fome particuler Place in their refpedtive Touns for their Defence upon all Occalions, and to fecure their Wives and Children in Cafe of any Enemy.

[ 74 I

A Proclamation about the Indyans and fnaking of Block Houfes.

[Warrants, Orders, Paffes, iii, 132.]

Whereas there hath lately been feverall Reports or Rumours fpread, of the Indyans evill and mif- chievous Intents and ReadynefTe to execute it againft the Inhabitants of this Government, particularly Long liland, which hath very much difturbed the Mindes and the lawfuU Occupacons of his Ma^'es Subjefts in the fame ; And whereas upon a ftridt Examinacon, there appeares no Evidence or Caufe for fuch Reports, but the Contrary, thefe are there- fore by the Advice of my Councell, in his Mamies Name, to require and charge all his Ma''es Subjedis of this Government, Chriftians and Indyans, that fliall know or heare any Thing of fuch a publick Nature, forthwith to repaire and give a full Rela- con thereof, to the next Magiftrate or Chiefe Officer, and the faid Magiftrate or Officer to take the Exa- minacon and give neceflary Orders or Notice, and fend mee a prefent Account thereof, as the Thing may require.

[ 75 ]

And whereas it is neceilary to keep Watch and Ward, all Magiftrates and Officers of the feverall Tounes and Places within this Government, are hereby required to fee y= fame continued and punc- tually performed ; And where there is not a Block Houfe or fome ftockadoed or palifadoed Houfe or Place, that there bee one forthwith fitted, in the moft convenient Place in each refped:ive Toune, for a Retreat to the Women and Children, into which our Indyan Women and Children, to bee alfo received and protected if they defire it : And that all our Indyans bee friendly treated, and have equall Juftice according to Law, of which all Per- fons are to take Notice and conforme themfelves thereunto accordingly as they and every of them will anfwer the Contrary at their utmoft Perills.

Given under my Hand in New Yorke this i6* Day of Sepf in the 27* Yeare of his Ma"" Reigne, Annoq Domini, 1675.

E. Andross. To the Mayo'' and Aldermen

of this City, &g.

76

[New York Colonial MSS., xxv, 13 8. J

Sept. i8'^ 1675.

This Morning there came to the Governo'' in the Fort one of the Long Ifland Sachems that mift yefterday . . . . he is of Rockaway' or . .

. . The other . . Day upon the Newes of . . f^Q. Here was . . with Tom , . and others, and were very well . . . what was done. Yefterday . . . the behalfe of the Reft.

There were alfo two Sachems from the other Side, one from Hackingfack,* the other from Tapan, who hearing of the Go' Returne from Alb. came to bid him welcome Home and promife all Friendfhip.

^ The Rockaway Tribe occupied noes of the Indians of Long Ifland,

the fouthern Part of Hempftead, a becaufe they had paid Tribute to

Part of Jamaica, and the Whole of the Narraganfetts. He required of

Newtown, in Queens Co. Thomp- his Vifitors fome Aflurancc of their

for^s Long IJland, i, 94 ; Prime's Sincerity : " Thereupon they con-

L. I., 90. — Ed. fent to leave two of their young ones for Hoftages, and are very well

2 A Number of Hackenfack In- fatisfied. The Go. prefts 3 Sachems

dians waited upon the Governour each with a Coat of Duffels, and

July 23d, afluring him that their gives them each a Dram. Their

Hearts were good, and prcfenting Compa. was about 50." Prefenting

him fome Deer Skins. The Go- them with Bottles of Liquor, they

vernour informed them that he had were difmifled. A^. T. Coll. MSS.,

for the Prefent taken away theCa- xxv, 130. — Ed. )

[ 11 ]

A Letter to Soutliton and Seatalcott.

[Warrants, Orders, PalTcs, iii, 133.]

Gent.

I yeftarday rec^ yo"of the 1 3'^^ Inftant, fo long a coming, (as the Indyan faith) by Realbn of the wet Weather. I arrived here on the 9* Inftant, late, and am forry to heare that you (as well as the moft Part of the Ifland) have been fo alarm'd upon a falfe Report of our Iiidyaris ill Intent againfl us, which I endeavdur'd and hope is now redtified, and dll Partyes well fatisfied and quiet. Some Officers from all the Tounes on this fide Seatalcott, and all the Sachems of Long Ifland and Neighbourhood on the Maine, having been here with mee fince ; And although I did hope you would not have been alarm'd, yet I writ to you on the 1 1'^, which I hope came well to yo^ Hands, and fatisfide you.- The fame Night I ordered and fett out a Sloope armed, to cruife in the Sound, and the next Morning went myfelfe in my Pinnace as farre as Mr. Pells, to the Indyans there, and from thence to Fflufliing, and Home by Land, the better to fettle people's Mindes.

[ 78 ] I now fend you a copy of a Proclaniacon, relating to the faid Matters, that it may be forthwith put in Execucon, both by you, and the neighbouring Tounes of Southold and Eafthampton, to whom you are to fend Copyes attefted, and alfo to com- municate this, not having Time to write to them, and unwilHng to ftay yo'' exprefle Indian. Though I do not apprehend any Danger by the Indyans, yet there fhall continue an armed Sloope to ply in the Sound that fo, no ill Indyans may have Opportu- nityes to crofs it at their Pleafure ; which Sloope is intended to call at Southold and Eafthampton, fome Time the next Weeke. And if there fhould happen any Occalion, more Sloopes Ihall bee forth- with fent out, as the Matter may require, fo that I hope none will have Caufe to negled: their lawfuU Occafions. Recommending you to bee vigilant, and that I may heare from you, upon all Occafions requiring it, I remaine,

Yo"" very loving fFriend,

E. Andross. New Torke, Sept. the i8'^ 1675.

[79 .1

Poftfcript. It being Refolved, That the Indyans of the north and well Ridings of Long Ifland, fliall (by Reafon of their good Comport and the Seafon of the Yeare) have their Guns reftored to them ; you have like- wife Liberty to do the fame in yo"" Parts, unlefTe you know any of yo"" Indians not iitt to bee trufted therewith, excepting Eafthampton, and Shelter Ifland, who, having yC Contribucon to the Nar- rowganfett Indyans, are not to have them for the P'fent. To Mr, John Topping,

Jujiice of the Peace,

and Capt. John Howell. Thefe at Eaft Hampton.

[ 8o]

"The Governour" s Letter to Mr. Woodhull fent by the Indyan^ Sept. i8, 1675.

[Warrants, Orders, Pafles, iii, 134.]

I reed yors of the 1 6^^ the laft Night, and am very well fatisfyed of yo"" Care and Juftice in Rela- tion to y^ Indyans, who I finde have not mifbehaved themfelves, notwithftanding the great Noife, Jea- loufies and Apprehencons of them, fo that the Caufe and Inftruments thereof ought to bee feverely Punifht: However the Indyans to the Eaftward, being ftill ftrong and adtive, I have ilTued forth the Proclamacon herewith fent, the better to fatisfy all people's Minds, particularly the Chriftians, and to keepe a Sloope armed in the Sound, that no ill Indyans may eafily crolTe it, and fhall bee ready to fend more upon any Occafion requiring it. I would advife you to be vigilant, though as yet no Caufe of Feare, but to continue in being juft and pro- tecting yo"" Indians upon all Occafions.

Had you named thofe of yo"" Towne who you feeme to imply to bee troublefome, or exceed their

[ 8i ] Bounds towards the Indyans, I would have taken fuch prefent Order in it as had been fitting: But you having fufiicient Power as a Jul'tice, I do not doubt but you will make Ufe of it as there is Oc- cafion, and you fee Caufe.

I fent for Capt. Bayley, and the Otific" of more of the other Townes, (as well as Sachems of Long Illand and Neighbourhood upon the Maine) have been w* mee fince my Returne, and all fatisfyed and well.

I am,

Yo'' very loving fFriend,

[The fame Pofllcript as in the previous Letter.] ,

1. 82 ]

Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 57.]

At a Councell, Sept^er 28'^^, 1675.

Prefent, The Govcrnour,

The Secretary, Capt. Brockholcs,

Mr. J. Lawrence, Capt. Dyre. Mr. ffred. Philips.

The Matter in Confultation was about a Letter brought by an Expreffe from y= Ifland Nantuckett, intimateing their WeaknelTe, and great Strength of the Indyans, both on their Ifland, and Martin's Vineyard, not above 40 Men at y'^ lafl:, and 30 on I ;oo Indyans y*^ former. Capable of bearing Armes. On iVien, Women Nantuckett y<^ Indyan Men 5 or 600 ;

and Childre

not

fo many on Martin's Vineyard.

They delire in their Letter a Couple of great Guns, and halfe a douzen Sould^s. They pretend an ill Confequence may arrive upon the Indyans trayning in Armes upon Martin's Vineyard.

Refolved, To fend them each a great Gun at y<= two Iflands of Nantucket and Martin's Vineyard, and to each y= Proclamation concerning y^ Indyans of keeping Watches, erefting Block Houfes, &c.

[ 83 ]

Memorial of the Sachem of Mont auk to the Goverjiour.

[N. Y. Colonial MSS., xxiv, 157.]

Right Honrbk.

I and my Men underftanding that y Hon"" was pleafed to graunt Liberty to the other Indians to have their Guns reftored to them, but a Reftraint was impofed vpon vs the Montaakut Indians by Reafon of fome Comply ance we have had w* Nenccraft the Narbiggen Sachem, have fent this our Meffenger w* thefe few Lines, to intreat your Hon" Fauour towards yo"" poor Supplicants. Your Hon'' may vnderftand my Father and Grandfather haue flood always loyall to y^ Englifh in y Pequot Warrs, now towards 40 Years lince . . . Forefather was a great Help to y= Englifli, haueing then this whole Ifland att his Command, and fince then upon all Occafions manifefted his Faithfulnes to the Englifh ; and if any Plots were att any Tyme againfl them, tymely difcouered them ; and this is known to many of the Englifh yet alive. And concerning this Plot now on Foot againft the Eng-

[ 84 J

lifh, and yo'' Hon'' may be allured (for we ipeak it before God the Knower of all Hearts) that had we been in the leaft acquainted w'^^ any fuch Matter, we fhould haue difcouered the fame ; and though of late Years we have held fome Correfpondency w*Ninecraft, yo'' Hon"' may be alfured it was onely w^l^ refpedl to our own Security, we being very weak and few in Numbers, and he being great, and having had wofull Experience of the great Defola- tion he made amongft us while we flood in Termes of HoftiHty againft him. But this we vnderllanding is offenfive to yo'' Hon'' we fhall forbear for the Future, onely entreate yo'' Hon'' to take fome fpeedy Courfe for our Security, that we may not be more heftr'd by the Narheganfits, for our Depend- ance is wholly upon yo'' Hon'' for Protedlion, as we hope yo"" Hon'' fhall find us ever loyall Subjedis to the King and Duke of Yorke, and to yo'' Hon'' and to all Authority vnder you.

Yo'' Hon'' may be pleafed to take Notice, that 4 of our floutefl Men have been this Tyme of Warre w* the Englifh Captaines, and fought vnder them, and helped to doe fome Execution vpon their Ene- mies, and had their free Liberty to returne Home,

[ 85 ]

being dilmiired upon their Delire to retire to their Friends and Relatives, by the Govern^ at Bofton. We leave our felues w'^^yo"" Hon"" hopeing yo"" Hon""^ favourable Acceptation of vs. Now is the vfual Tyme of our Hunting, and to gett a litle Provifion and fome Skins for Cloathing, and if our humble Requeft herein may find a gracious Anfwer, we fhall take it as a further Engagem' to yo"" Hon"" and fhall reft

Yo"" Hon''s humble Servants, Eafihampton, OB 5'-^', 1675.

Sachem GhEKONNA,

MOSSUP ^^jO /\ Couns.

Will KA "^^"^^ • ,• rT,

vviLL,/\/\ ,,j , his Mark.

h(\'

his Mark MoNUGABONGUN,Q

alias Gtv// A'/zm;/, his^'Mark. Counfellor. In ye Name and w'h the Confent of y= Refte of ye Indians at Montaukut.

[ 86 ]

Right Hon^'bl^ The Lines upon the other Side I wrote vpon the Defire of the Sachem and his Men. They are their own Words, and the Subftance thereof they aUb had exprefTed before Mr. Backer, but fince my writeing of them, w^h was almoft a Week lince, I perceiue that dehuering up their Armes to the In- dians doth not rehfh well w* the Englifh, efpecially fince of late we h ... of the great Slaughter they

haue made vp Englifh in other Parts of the

Country. I perceiue at Southampton ye Englifh are much troubled, the Indians haue their Armes, and I thinke it doth much diflurbe y^ Spirits of thofe have them not. As for thefe Indians, for my owne Part I doe thinke they are as cordiall Friends to the Englifh as any in y^ Country, and what is written by y" and known by many to be y« Truth, though God knows their Hearts as their Counfellor f<i. Yo'' Hon" Predeceffor wrote feverall Letters to me to ftirre me vp about initrudting the Indians in the Knowledge of God and his Religion, and that he would further and encourage the Bufines, fb farr as lay in his Power. I doe thinke if yo"" Hon'-

[ 87 1

be pleafed to fett in att this Tyme it may be a good Promotion of that Work w^h as I haue feen in feve- rall Writeings of his moft excellent Majefty ye King his pious Defires exprelfed for y^ putting forward yt Worke. But S"" I ceafe further to trouble your Hon"" att prefent, and for w' y= Indians haue written I leave to yo'' Hon" Prudence to ad: for y^ Beft, and reft w* my humble Service to yo"" Hon'' and Hon""" Counfell ,

Yo'' Hpn'"s humble Supplicant att ys Throne of Grace.

Tho. James,' Eafthampton, OB. ^th, 1675.

' The Rev. Thomas James fettled into the Indian Tongue, and fuc-

in Eaft Hampton as its firft Minif- ceeded in gaining to a great Degree

ter in 1650. He learned the In- the Confidence of thcfe People. He

dian Language and tranflatcd the died 1 6th June, 1696. Thompfon's

Catechiim and Parts of the Bible Long Hand; Prime's do—Y^.

An Order to reinforce the Building of Block Houfes.

[Warrants, Orders, Paffes, iii, 139.]

Whereas there ilTued forth a Proclamacon bearing Date the 1 6th yber laft, for the keeping of Watches, and immediate making of Block Houfes in the feverall Townes upon Long Ifland and Dependen- ces, for their gen^H Safety, and to bee a Retreat (upon all Occafions) for the Women and Children, and obferve the faid Proclamacon ; and many from all Parts reforting to this Gen^" Court of AfTizes, Thefe are therefore, (by the Advice of my Councell) in his Ma'i" Name to require you, that forthw'^ and w*out Delay, you caufe the faid Proclamacon to bee fully put in Execucon, And that you give mee a pfent Acco' thereof, and how flrong you keep ye Watches in yo"" refped:ive Townes. Hereof you are not to faile in any Particular, as you or any of you, will anfwer the Contrary at yo"' utmoft Perills. Given under my Hand in New Yorke, this 6th Day of Oftober, in the 29th Yeare of his Mat't^s Reigne, Annoq. Domini 1675.

F;. Andros.

Letter from Gov. Andros to the Deputy Governour of Confje&icut.

[Warrants, Orders, Paffirs, iii, 141.]

An Indyan under a P''tence of ffriendfhip, telling and affirming very confidently, to one of this Place, That there is an extraordinary Confederacy between all the neighboring Indyans, and eastwards, (in w^^ yor pretended ffriends to bee included) and deligned this light Moone, to attack Hartford itfelfe, and fome other Places about Greenw^J^, of which, being informed this Morning, I have immediately defpatched this, to give you Acco' thereof, leaft there fhould bee fome Thing in it, though not fo much as they report, 5 or 6000 Indyans enjoyned together.

I am,

Yo"" humble Serv'

E. An DROSS. New Torke, OSfol>r.

[ 9.0 ]

RxtraEi from the Minutes of a Court of Affixes.

[New York Colonial MSS., xxiv, 172.]

At a Gen^ii Court of Aflizes held in the City of New York [&c.] the 6th Day of Oft. 1675, ■***«- *

Vpon the Governo" Receipt of a \j<^ from Go- vernour Carteret' in Court, all but the Bench were ordered to withdraw.

The Contents were a late Violence adled by fome Indyans at the Nevefans,^ who plundered a Boat fent by him to trade, whereupon he hath iffued forth a Proclamation to prohibit every one to carry Goods or trade w''^ them, and defireth the like may bee done here.

It is ordered in like Manner that there bee no Trading with the Indyans at their Plantacons.

That the Law bee obferved w^h prohibits felling ftrong Liquor's to Indyans, Albany excepted.

1 PHiLipCARTERET,Govei-noiiroF -In New Jcrfey, fouth of the

New Jericy. Raritan River, fometimes written

Nc'.vefwg, Newtifons, or Kavefink.

[ 91 ]

The Telling of Powder and Shott to the Indyans debated and put to the Vote.

Capt. Chambers,' to be forbid to all but the Maques and Sinnekes.

Mr. Geo. Hall^ the like.

Mr. Cornells idem.

Mr. Topping,4 forbid to all except thofe that comport themfelves well.

Mr. Pell, 5 a Reflraint for a Time.

All the Reft6 to continue as it is, w^h is by farre the majo"" Vote.

That purfuant to the Law the Conftables of the feverall Tounes take Care no Powder or Lead bee fold to the Indyans, but by them as diredled or their Confents.

iCapt	.Ti	40MAS Chambers, was	* John Topping, a Juftice for the
fitting at	this	; Time as Juftice for	Eail Riding of Yorkfhirc, on Long
Efopus.			inand.
"Geof	IGE	Hall, a Sheriff of	* John Pell, fee Note, p. 64.
Efopus.			'' The Court preicnt confiftcd of
■' Rich		Cornell, a JulHce	the Govcrnour, Secretary, 3 Coun-
for the North Riding of Yori<Oiirc,	cilors, two Aldermen, and iSJuf-
on Long	Ifland.	tices of the Peace.

L 92 ]

The Proclamacon about the Block Houfes, &c. approved of.

At a Court of Alfizes Odlob"- i I'h, 1675.

Vpon a Propofall whether it will not bee con- venient at this Jundlure of Time, of the Indyan Difturbance to the Eaftward, to bring all Canoes on the north Side of Long Ifland to this Place, or to have them all deftroyed, to prevent any Intercourfe w* the Indians on the Maine.

Or that the Canooes bee brought to the next Towne and fecured by the Officers.

Refolved, That all Canooes whatfoever belonging to Chriftians or Indyans on the north Side of Long Ifland, to the Ball of Hell-Gate, (hall within three Dayes after Publicacon hereof, bee brought to the next Townes and delivered into the Conftables Cuftody, to bee laid up and fecured by them, neare the Block Houfe.

And that whatfoever Canooe fhall be found upon the Sound after that Time bee deftroyed.

And that the Indyans at Mr. Pells bee ordered

I 93 J

to remove within a ffortnight to their uliiall Winter Quarters within Hell Gate upon this Ifland, during w<^^ Time loaden Canooes which fhall have Certifi- cates from the Magiftrates of the Place from whence they come, exprefling whether they are going, fhall bee permitted quietly to palTe along the Shoare, except out of the Government, which in no Cafe is to be allowed.

A Procla^nation about Canooes being laid tip and fecured by the Co?iftables^ ' ^c.

[Warrants, Orders, PalTes, iii, 141.]

Whereas it hath been thought convenient, and it is ordered by the Gen^^'i Court of Aflizes, at this prefent Juncture, That all Canooes whatfoever, belonging to Chriftians or Indyans, on the north Side of Long Ifland, to the Eaft of Hell Gate, Ihall within three Days after the Publication hereof, bee brought to the next Tounes and delivered into the Conftable's Cuftody, to bee laid up and fecured by them, near their Block Houfes. And that what Canooes foever fliall bee found upon the Sound after that Time, Ihall be deftroyed : As alfo that the Indyans at Mr. Pell's^ bee ordered to remove within a ffortnight, to their ufuall Winter Quarters, w'l'in Hell-Gate, upon this Ifland ; During which Time all loaden Canoes which fhall have Certificates from the Magiflrates of the Place from whence they

1 liTucd in Accordance wiih the * Anne Hookcs Neck, Pelham,

preceding Order of the Court of Weftchcftcr County. Affixes.

[ 95 ]

came, expreffing whether they are going, Ihall bee permitted quietly to pafle along the Shoare, except into or out of the Government, which in no Cafe is to be alloued ; Thefe are in his Ma"" Name to require a ftricfl and due Obfervance of this Order from all Perfons, as they and every of them will anfwer the Contrary at their utmoft Perills.

Given under my Hand in N. Yorke, this 12* Day of Odlober, 1675.

E. An DROSS, To all Magiltrates, Conftables, and Overfeers, or other his Ma"« Offi- cers, and others whom it may concerne.

L 96 J

Order to difarm the Indians.

[Warrants, Orders, PafTes, iii, 142.]

Whereas there lately paft an Ord'' of Councell, That by Reafon of the good Comport of the In- dyans, their Armes fhould be reflored unto them, except thofe of Eaflhampton and Shelter Ifland, for the Reafons therein given, or fuch others as were not fitt to be trufted therew''^ : The which hath in moft Places beene attended : Thefe are (notwith- ftanding the former Order) to empower and au- thorize Mr. John Topping, Juftice of the Peace, and Capt. John Howell of Southampton, That as the Matter may require, and they fhall fee Occa- fion. They fend for their Indyans and difarme them againe, yet w*all, to afford them due Proteccon as formerly ; ffor the doing whereof this Ihall bee your Warrant.

Given under my Hand in New Yorke this 14th Day of Odober, 1675.

[ 97 J

A Letter fent to Mr, Tapping about y^ Indians.

[Warrants, Orders, Pafll-s, iii, 143.]

New Torke the 14'''^ OSlober, 1675. Mr. Justice Tapping:'

In Anivver to fome of your Lines, wherein yuo feem dilTatisfyed at the delivering the Indyans Amies. Yourfelte nor Capt. Howell, nor yet the Conftable and Overfeers, not finding juft Caufe to detaine them longer, you have done well. And as for the other, you are of yourfelves fufficiently au- thorized (upon any Occafion requiring it) either for the publicke Peace, or Safety, to call for or take from the faid Indyans, or any other that {hall happen to bee in yor Parts, All or Part of their Armes, or fecure the Perfons of any that fhall, or indeavo'' to do Harme, or caufe Djfturbance ; But are alwayes to do Juftice, and protecfl the Good and Uncon- cerned, from

Yo"" affectionate ffriend,

E. Andros,

^ John Topping.

[ 98

Afi Order fent to all the Townes within the Gover?init about reinforcing the JVatch &'c.

[Warrants, Orders, Pafles, iii, 143.]

Whereas notw'i^ftanding two feverall Proclama- cons or Ord''% the laft of the 6^1^ Inft. ftridly requiring and commanding all Townes and Villages within this Government (that have not before) forthw'^i without Delay, to ffortify and make compleat, in fome con- venient Place, a block or palizadoed Houfe, or Place for a Retreat to Women and Children, &c. and keeping good Watch and Ward, in their faid Townes, and to make a prefent Returne thereof, unto mee : of which, having had no Account, and being credibly informed that moft do negledl the due Execucon of Part of the faid Proclamacon : Thefe are in his Ma"" Name to require you forth- w'l^ to caufe double and ftridt Watches to bee kept in your refpedlive Townes ; And yo"" Conftable, or one of the Overfeers, on Sight hereof, to repaire to mee, to give mee an Acco^ of yo"" Proceedings, and anfwering yC and yo"" Tounes Contempt, if you

[ 99 ]

have not obeyed every Part of the Proclamacon ; Of which you are not to faile, as you will anfwer the Contrary at yc utmoft Pefills.

Given under my Hand in New Yorke, this i6tl^ Day of 06tober, 1675,

iOO ]

A Letter to y^ Dep^y Governor of Hartford.

[Warrants, Orders, PafTes, jii, 145.]

Gent.

Laft Night I received yo" of y= 6'li Inftant, and am as from the Beginning very fenfible of, and much troubled at the Indyans continued De- pradations and Succefles, and Mifery of our Coun- trymen in thofe Parts, and have endeavoured not to bee wanting in my Duty, though at the very firft flighted and rejedred. When I was at Albany, I took the Occalion on a Lett"^ from Majo^ Pinchon' to the Command^ and ComilTaryes there to returne him an Anfwer myfelfe, and of my Endeavoi'S in

* JoHk Pynchon was perhaps cefs. He died m 1703, at the

more prominent in the public Ser- Age of feventy-fix.

vice of Maflachufetts than any other The Pynchon

of the earlier Settlers upon the Con- Houfe, the fir

nefticut River. He came to Spring- brick Strufture i

field when but ten Years old, was a the Valley, wa

Magiftrate fifty Years, and on al- built in 1660, and torn down ii

moil every Commiffion and Com- 1 83 1 . Its Pifture is prefcrved in th.

mittee, whofe Duties he difcharged Seal of the City of Springfield.—

with remarkable Ability and Sue- Ho/land's W. M/ifs.,\,j^^,\6z—^v

[ loi ]

which I have been as carefull fince as polTible, but noe Anfwer.

The lo* Inft. I gave you by Exprefle an Accot of Ibme Indian Newes, of their Defigne on Hart- ford itfelfe,! &c. and immediately difpatched Capt. Brockholes my firft Lievten' to Albany with rei- terated Orders to thofe Parts, for yC Advantage, as farr as I might, not having heard from you. But if you delire anything further, and pleafe to fend a fitt Parfon, I fhall be ready to doe what is fitt for mee, and ferve you to my Power, being Yc affedlionate ffriend and

Humble Servant,

Edm" Andros. New Torke, OSlobr. ij'^, 1675.

1 Sec Letter of Oft. 10, 1675, ante, p. 89.— Ed.

[ I02 j

A Letter to Capt. Brockholes at Albany.

[Warrants, Orders, Paifes, iii, 146.]

Capl. Brockholes:

I long much to have an Acco^ from you. Yef- terday wee had the Newes of Springfield being burnt,' and Indyan Strength in thofe Parts, which evinces the Neceffity of yo"" being careful! in keep- ing good Guards.

1 On the Night of Odober 4th, 1675, an Expreflc was defpatched from Windfor, Ct., to Springfield, Mafs., with the Intelligence derived from a friendly Indian, that a Party of about 300 of Philip's Warriours were on their Way to burn the Town and dellroy the Inhabitants. The Alarm was hallily fpread, and the Citizens fled to the fortified Houfes, three in Number, with fuch Valuables and Neceffaries as they could carry. On the Morning pre- vious, the Springfield Soldiers, to the Number of 45, had left for Hadley, to join in a Demonftration, concerted againft the Enemy at that Place, and a MefTcnger was fent

thither to inform ihcm of the threat- ened Danger. When the Morning came, no Enemy appearing, two Perfons rode forwards toward the Indian Fort, and were ihot by the Foe in Ambufh. The Town was foon filled by Savages ; about thirty Dwellings and twenty-five Barns were burned, befides the Corn and Saw Mill ; four or five Perfons were wounded, and onePerfon was killed. The Enemy retired on the Arrival of the military Force that had been recalled, leaving the Settlement in Ruin and the Inhabitants in the greateft Diftrefs near the Verge of Winter. Holland'i Weftern Mafs.

.95-

-Ed.

[ ^o3 ]

I have nothing more to add to yo'' InlTirudlions, but that you order Matters the beft you can ac- cordingly, and lee that the Maques may fee tis fFriend(hip, not Apprehenfion or Need of them, but for their Good ; Hearing that they and the Sinnekes are inclinable to a Warre w'h the Indyans to the Eafl, if foe, though they have not yet attack' us, 'tis the Opinion of my Councell, that 'twere well the laid Maques were rather encouraged than hindred ; and you may lett them have a ffree Markett for Powder &c. as formerly, continued.

Pray remember mee to all w'^ you. I hope my Brother, Knapton,' Sharpe,^ &c. will bee here per firll.

I am,

Edmd Andross. N. r. Oabr. 19'^ 1675.

[ I04 ] Letter from the Governour to EJopus^ &'c. '

[Warrants, Orders, Paflbs, iii, 1+7.]

Gent:

I have juft now received yo''s of the i6''i Inftant, and think you have done well to putt yourfelves in a fitting Pofture for all Events, and fecuring the Goods and Corne of yo"" out ffarmers, which is alfo done in thefe Parts, where all is quiet ; but have a Rumour that Stanford Indyans are in Amies, but have done noe Harme. However its thought they have noe good Intent in it. I doe not know that I have any braffe Gunn of yours, but if you have Occafion fhall notwithftanding bee ready to fend you one or more fuch iron Gunns as are here, the leaft of which is a fmall Saker, and if I can will gett and fitt up a Petrara for Capt. Chambers, hav- ing none in the ffort ready, and the Sloope in haft not to loofe their Tide. I am, Yo'' affec^t'^ ffriend,

E. Andross.

A^. rorh, 05lober 19, 1675.

^ Efopus near Kingfton, about tlemcnts by the Dutch in this Colo- Midway between New York and ny.— Ed. Albany, was one of the earliell Set-

[ I05 ] Alt Order for Oyjier Bay to fortify^ &'c.

[Warrants, Orders, Paflts, iii, 148.]

By the Govertjc'' :

Whereas I am informed that feverall of the In- habitants of Oyfter Bay, notwithftanding the late Orders and Proclamacons, are ftill very backward in making up their ifortifications, Thefe are by the Advice of my Councell, in his Ma''" Name, to require all the Inhabitants in Gen^", that with all Speed they apply themfelves to finifh the fald Worke already begunn, only that it bee left to the Difcretion of the Conftable and Overfeers to excufe fuch Perfons as they fliall think moft proper, and may not bee a Hindrance to the fetting forward foe needfull and publick a Work : Provided they bee fuch auncient Perfons as have principally contributed to the Houfe taken in within the faid ffortificacon. Given under my Hand in New Yorke this 19th Day of Odtober, 1675.

E. Andross, To the Conftable and Overfeers of Oyfter Bay.

14

An Order about fellmg Powder to the Indyans.

[Warrants, Orders, PafTcs, iii, 151.]

Whereas there was at the City Hall an Order of the laft Gen^" Court of AlTizes, publifht the i2'h Inftant, llridlly prohibiting the Sale of Powder or Strong Drink to Indyans in any Part of Yorklhire, on Long Ifland, or Dependencyes, as p"" faid Order; notwithltanding which fome Perfons think it doth not comprehend or is binding to the city Inhabit- ants ; Thefe are therefore by Advice of my Councell in his Ma"" Name to require and command the flrift Obfervance of faid Order in this City in every Particular, under the Penaltyes therein exprelfed, at their utmoil Perills.

Given under my Hand in New Yorke, this la'"^ Day of Oilober, 1675.

E. An DROSS.

[ i°7 ]

An Order for the hihabitants of Madd Nans Neck^ to make a Block Houfe.

[Warrants, Orders, PalTcs, iii, 153.]

By the Governour :

Whereas I am given to underftand that notwith- ftanding the feverall Orders for making of Block Houfes, or fome Place of Defence in each refpedlive Toune upon Long Illand and Dependencyes, the Inhabit'^ of yC Place have neither contributed any Help or Affiftance towards the making of the Block Houfe or Fortification at Hempftead, nor taken Care to make any for themfelves ; Thefe are in his Ma"« Name to require you, that forthwith and without Delay you make up fome Fortification upon yo"" Neck of Land, and give mee an immediate Acco' thereof by one from yo"" Neck, and Anfwer

^ Now known as Gre„l Neck,m tented in 1666 to Thomas Hicks,

the Town of North Hempftcad. who ibid a Part of it the fame Year

Queens County. It contains about to Richard Cornell. Thompjon's

4000 Acres of Land, and was pa- Long IJland, ii, 61. — Ed.

I io8 J

of fliort Contempt, as you and every of you will anlwer the Contrary at yc utmoft Perills.

Given under my Hand in New Yorke, y^ 2 1 ^ Day of Od:ober, 1 675.

To the Deputy Conftable at Madd Nan's Neck.

[ I09 ]

Letter from the Gover7iour to the Co7iJ}ahle of Harlem.

[Warrunts, Orders, PafTee, iii, 153.]

Mr. Conjiable :

I have juft now leen yc^ of this Day, fent Ex- prefTe by W"^ Palmer, of yo"" having ftopt lo or 12 Indyan Canoes with Women, Children, Corne, and Baggage, coming as they fay from Weftchefter, and goeing to Wickers Creek,' but not any Pafle mentioned. Soe that you have done very well in flopping the faid Indyans, and giving Notice thereof

Thefe are now to order all the faid Indyans to ftay in yo'' Toune, and that you fend fome of the chiefeft of them to mee early to-morrow, and one of yo' Overfeers for further Orders ; and that it may

- The Name applied to a Stream qiiacjqucicki, or Wechquajkecki, a

flowing into the Hudfon at the up- Tribe of the Mohegans, anciently

per Landing of Dobbs' Ferry, in inhabited the adjacent Country, and

Greenburgh, Wellchefter County, from thcfc Names, the one given in

It was called by the Indians Wegh- the Text was doubtlefs derived.

queghe, or Wyfquaqua. The Wich- Bo/ton's Weftchefter, i, 2, 1 64.-ED.

bee the better effedled you are to order them Ibme convenient Houfe or Barne to bee in, and draw up their Canooes until y^ Returne of them you fhall fend ; And that you double yo"" Watch. I am,

Yo^ loving ffriend,

E. An DROSS. N. r. Oabr.y^ z\'h, 1675.

Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 65.]

At a Councell, Oft^^'-''- 23''>, 1675.

Prefcnt, The Governour,

The Secretary, Capt. Dyre.

M"r. Philips.

A Letter from Mr. Leete, Dep. Govern'' of Co- nefticott about y^ Indyan AiFaires and in Anfwer to y'^ Governo''s Letter of Intelligence to them, was read.

The Governo'' had another Letter of private In- teUigence about y^ Indyans ill Intent upon Long Illand.

Refolved, upon yc faid Indyan Intelligence of our Indyans being in Confederacy w* the Narroganfett Indyans upon y^ Maine, and plotting Mifchiefe, That all our faid Indians on Long Illand be forth- with difarmed.

The Amies to be delivered into y'^ Conflables Hands of y^ feverall Touns, who may lend fome few of them to fuch Indyans as they fliall think may be

[ "2 ]

trufted, for their Hunting, w'l» y^ Approbacon of yc Juftice of Peace, and where no Juftice at Hand, of ye chiefefl military Officers of yc Place.

That an Order be made hereupon for the putting of this in Execucon.

[ 113 ]

Letter to Mr. Wtn. Leet^ Deputy Governor of ConneBicotty &'c.

[Warrants, Orders, Pafles, iii, 15;.] Honble Sr.

I have juft now received yc^ of y^ 19* Inftant, for w'^^ this is only my Acknowledgment, having writt fully in my laft, to which have nothing more to add ; being ready if any Thing bee yet wanting to doe my Duty, and ferve you to my Power. I am,

Yo"" affect's humble Serv ' ,

E. Andross. To M"^- Leet, Dp'y Governo"^ of Connefticot.

Council Mhiutes.

[Council Minutes, iii, Part 2, p. 66.]

At a CoLincell, Od^cr 24*^ 1675.

Prejent, The Govcrnour,

The Sccrctar)-, Capt. Dyrc.

Mr. Fred. Philips.

Letters being brought from y^ CommifTaryes of Albany by Mr. Knapton, who had been Com- mander there, concerning a Peace newly made or renewed by them at the ffbrt between y'= Maques and Mahycanders' Indyans, though without Leave, it is ordered to be kept. It is likewife refolved. That there be at this Jundlure, a Prohibicon of felling Powder and Lead to any Indyans whatfoever at Albany, unleffe it be to y= Maques & Sinnekes, the fame to be under y^ Penalty of one hundred

^ Mohegans, inhabiting the call- fubordinate to the Iroquois and un-

ern Borders of New York and the dcr their Influence. Thofe living

adjacent Parts of New England, near the Hudfon were often called

Thev were at this Time confidered River hidinns or the h'orih Indians.

[ w5 ]

Guild" Beaver,' for each Quarf of a Pound,^ and fo proporconably for more or lelle, or corporall Pun- ifliment extending to Life as the Cafe may require, except allowed by the Commander himfelfe under his Hand, to lome adjacent Mahycand"" Indyan well knowne to himfelfe or Magill:rates ; the Quantity of one Quarter of a Pound for y-' prefent Hunting, or to fome few fuch Indyans, who (hall be knowne by them to be defigned for y^ beaver Hunting who may by the faid Command be allowed one Pound with Lead proportionable. This Prohibicon to continue for the Space of lix Months after this Date.

It is alfo ordered and refolved, That y'^ like Ord"" be fent up to Efopus, only the Alteration of

^ The Currency of the Colony cJamation, June 24th, 1675, was as

then in Ufe, as ellablithed by Pro- follows :

Pieces of eight, ----- fix Shillings.

w (three Black, ) „.

Wampum, -------- ' ^ one Stiver.

'^ [or lix Whue, )

,-, c • -iir ( on^ Penny Silver,

Three Stivers Wampum, - - - -^t t; < j «/

^ ' I New England Money.

Four Stivers, Wampum, - - one Penny Sterling.

One Beaver, (in merchantable Condition), 1 3s. 4d. Sterling. Cau/i-

cil Minutes, in. Warrants, Orders, Pajfes, Hi, 102.— Ed.

" This Penalty was about $38, as this Sum was relatively much greater Money is now reckoned, although then. — Ed.

[ ii6 ]

the Words [Mutatis Mutandis) inftead of y= Com- ander, the Juflices or chiefe Officers to be inferted. Upon ys Receite of a Letter from ye Efopus, relating their great Apprehenfion of yc Indyans.

It is refolved. That y^ Magift rates there be checkt for their needlefTe Feares, and they are all ordered to keep at their ufual Habitations and Places of Abode, both at y^ diftant Villages and out Farmes, untill more apparent Caufe to y= Contrary.

Ordered, That y^ Magiflrates doe give a prefent Ace' what is meant by the Indyans offering to de- liver up ys Articles made betweene Coll. Nicolls and them, and who fpake of it firil:, whether private Perfons amongft the Indyans, or Sachems. The Agreement in y^ faid Article fett forth having been renewed with thofe Indyans, this very Spring, and themfelves having no Authority to alter or make either Peace or Warre, nor to treate of either in ye leaft, but to do their Dutyes in continuing Things as they are.

[ M7 ] Letter' to Mr. Baker of Eaji Hampton.

[Warrants, Orders, PaiTcs, iii, 156.]

Mr. Baker.

I have juft now received yo''sof y^ 24th of yc In- dyans friendly Intelligence and Declaracons of their good Wills and conltant ifriendihipp w^h I fliall alfo acknowledge upon all Occafions, and may allure them that if any Difturbance fliall happen to the Eaflward, or any other againft the Governm' foe long as they continue thus they fliall be fure of Protedlion, and need not feare.

But I finde no Caufe or Likelyhood of their In- telligence w"^^ I rather believe the ffancyes of fome difaffedled Indyans who would gladly have it foe, for I have not heard of one Englifli Man killed, much lefs 1 2, which could not have been concealed, nor is there nor hath been for fome Years one In- dyan belonging to Staten Ifland, and thofe towards Achter Cull' are now as friendly as ever. How^ever wee, as you know, are upon our Guard, and upon fome Intelligence of the Rockaway and Maflia-Peage^

1 Newark Bay.— Ed. ^ Rgfiding in Queens Co., chiefly

at Fort Neck.— Ep.

I ii8 I

Indyans Plotting have againe difordered them, and fee rather leffe Caule of apprehending Troubles this Way than when you were here, hut would have all Watches continued, and fee none negledt their Occafions abroad as well as at Home.

If any Troubles Ihould happen, you have by yo"" Commiflions, and Places of Peace and Militia kiffi- cient Power to call before you, difarm and com- mitt any that Ihall goe about, or (you fufpedl) would break the King's Peace, not only Indyans but Chriftians, and if any refill: to make Ufe of all the fforce of yo'' Towne to reduce them. Pray doth you and Southampton fend daily to lee yo"" Indyans in their Plantacons, and then unlefTe you difcover very good Caufe, bee not at all alarm'd to hinder (as above) any yc Occalions. I am,

Yo^ affectionate Friend,

E. Andros.

A^. Torke, 2jth Odiober, 1675.

[ 119 ]

Letter fro?n the Gove?-nouf^ to Mr. Hicks.

[Warrants, Orders, PafTes, iii, 156.]

Mr. Hicks.'

I have juft now received yo" dated yefterday, of yo"" Indyans having brought in their Armes, and fFriendlyneffe, which is well, and think may lend them as many back as you judge proper for their prefent Hunting, without any Apprehenfion from them however that thofe of Hempftead omitt not fending daily to fee them according to order.

The Letter from the Eaftwards is Mr. Juftice Bakers of Eaft Hampton, occafioned upon Rumo« from thefe Parts for which I can fee noe Ground. I am,

Yo"' affec^'^ Friend,

E. Andross.

N. Torkc,y^ zfK OBbr. 1675.

1 Thomas Hicks, a Juftice of the Peace at Hempftead, L. I.— Ed.

[ 120 ]

Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii, Part 2, p. 68.]

At a Councell, Novbcr 8'h, 1675.

Prcfent, The Govcrnour,

The Secretary, Capt. Dyrc,

Mr. Fred. Philips.

The Matter under Confideracon was upon Occa- lion of Nehemiah Peirce and James Pennymans being fent downe from Albany by Capt, Brockholes, upon Sufpicon of writing falfe Storyes to Bofton.

Nehemiah Peirce being firfl examined faith. That he never hath writt to Bofton of Powder fold to y^ Indyans to y<= Eaftward, nor knows of any, but on the Contrary, having heard from y^ Com- mand'' y' whofoever fhould fell any Powder to them if it could be difcovered, y^ Perfon or Perfons offending fliould be feverely puniflit. He faith y' hereupon he did forewarne many thereof as he had Oppertunity, and had watch' fome whom hee did fufpedl, but never could meet with any Powder fo fold.

[ 121 ]

Withall being demanded if he had not fold Pow- der himfelfe, he faith yes, that he did fell fome few Barrells, being all that he had, but it was to yc ChrilHans.

Mr. Wilfon The faid Peirce is ordered to be dis-

his Security, nijft ^g giving Security to make his Appearance when called for, or to give Notice if he fhall have Occalion to depart y-" Governm' before a Returne fromBofton about this Matter,from whence if nothing materiall fhall come againft him as to this BufinelTe, within three Months, then to be to- tally difcharged and cleare.

James Pennyman being examined faith, that he knoweth no more, than what he hath fet down in a Paper which he delivered in, it being a Recitalle of y<^ Contents of a Letter to his Wife at Bofton, which is as followeth, viz' :

To the Right Honored Governor.

If it may ftand with your Honours Pleafure upon this Occalion I have recoUedled my Memory and according to my beft Remembrarice, I iliall give you ye true Contents of y' Letter as I wrote to my Wife, W^h as it is circumftanced it is by fome counted i6

[ 122 1

Matter of Fault, but when your HoiT" has a View of it, I hope you will efteeme of it otherwife. My Wife has oftentimes when fhe wrote Letters to me fent me News in her Letters concerning the Warre, and att fome Times how y= Enemy prevayles. I never received any News but I acquainted the Governor at Albany with it, and fhew him my Letters ; now that as I write to my Wife is as fol- lows :

That when our hon^^ Governo'' Gen" was here in Albany, there came two Men as Poft from Major Pinchon of Springfield, which as I heard peticoned to our Governor that no Powd"" fliould be fold in this Place, truely Wife what a vain Thing was that, for this Place is upheld by Trade, I believe there is two or three hundred Barrells of Powder bought and fold in this Towne in one Yeare, and I thinke there were fold out of my Houfe twenty or thirty Barrells this Yeare, but as I heare our honoured Governo"" has laid a Reftraint of felling to our Engliflies Enemyes and that upon a great Penalty. This is y^ Summe of what I writt, now if yo'' Hon'' be difpleafed at this as I writt, I rather choofe to forbear writing to my Wife though I love

[ ^^3 ]

her as well as a Man can do his Wife, I fay I rather doe it than gett your Honours Difpleafure.

James Penniman.

Clement Salmon The faid Pennyman was hereupon his Security, ordered to find Security for his good Behaviour, and to make his Appearance when called for.

[ 124] Letter to the Governoiir of Maryland. '

[Orders, Warrants, Letters, &c., iii, 164]

Right HonWc.

I have received yo« of the 4* paft, of your Pro- grefle againft the Indyans, which I wifh may have ended it, but am forry the Sufquehannas were con- cerned, having allwayes (as the Maques to this) had the Repute of being perfeft ffriends to the Chrift- ians, particularly Maryland ; and being Offsprings of the Maques, though by the Sinnekes engaged in Warre, and the Indyans to the Ealtward, foe great Succelfes in Plymouth and Malfachufetts Colonyes having engaged all others their Neighbo" and en- deavoring by all Meanes of Command and Profitt to engage the Maques and fent to all other Parts as farre as Canada, w^h New England think doe fupply theirf aid Enemyes, and all our Indyans as farre as Delaware, thought only to wait Opportunityes.

There only remaines firme the Maques and by their Meanes the Sinnekes, which as feated are moft

1 Charles, Lord Baltimore.

[ 125 ] able to do Good or Harme and too farre and par- ticularly the Sinnekes, if they fall oif to bee forced. I here fend you an Abftradl of a Letter fent from the Commander at Albany, relating to fome Par- ticulars (writte by y^ Jefuite among the Maques), by which you may fee his Sence, though I think him in a great Meafure miftaken, but of mylelfe can doe more than I have already.

I heare that all New England have joyned a very great Force to fall on the Narraganfett Indians, the Event whereof {w^^ I hope good) will very much influence Things, and conduce to the Future or next Yeares Adtion, which is all in Addition to mine of ye 2 1 'h of Od:ober laft. Soe remaine

Yo"" very humble Serv',

E. Andross. N. Torie, Decern. lo''^, 1675.

[ 126 ]

A Speciall Warra7it fent to Huntington to Demand the Indyans Armes of Rockaway and Seaquatalke^ who are to Ki?itecoy there.

[Warrants, Orders, PafTes, iii, 189.]

By the Governor :

Whereas I am informed that feveral Indyans at Rockaway, Unchechauge and Parts adjacent, are in a few Dayes to have a great Kintecoy' at Seaque- talke, which being unufuall at this Time of Yeare, is at this Jundlure in no Cafe to be neglefted ; And

^ " The Indians fometimes aflem- was adopted by the Whites and is ble in large Numbers and retire far ftill ufed in the River Counties and into the Wildernefs, where they eat on Long Hand, to defignate n Revel. and drink in a profufc Manner. A Defcription of the wild Excefles Thefe Conventions are called Ken- of the Indians at their " Canticos," ticoys. Some efteem them to be is given by Denton, in his Defcrip- debauched Revels or Bacchanalia, tion of their Cuftoms, p. g. Mr. but thofe who have followed them Henry R. Schoolcraft in a Letter to into thefe Recefles give feme Ac- the Editor, exprefles the Opinion counts of their Condud as lead one that this Cullom was analagous to to imagine that they pay a joint the modern Wabino, the moft vis- Homage and Supplication to fome cious of Indian Orgies, the Name invifible Being." Smith's Hijl. of denoting that the Dancing is con- N.r.,JlkEd.,p.-j6. This Term tinued till Daybreak.— Ed.

[ 127 ]

therefore (by the Advice of my Councell) you are ' in his Ma''" Name hereby required upon Notice of the Time or Day the faid Indyans Kintecoy is to bee, with fix or more Men, not exceeding ten (as you fhall judge fitt to bring Home their Armes) to repaire to Seaquatalke or Place where the above Kintecoy fhall bee, fending two Men a httle before, to give them Notice of your coming (that they bee not feared at your Arrivall) to informe yourfelfe of what Indyans are there, and demand their Armes ; which having rec^ to warne and command them to feparate, and each to repaire to their proper Place of Abode, and for the Future to forbear appointing or coming to any fuch public Meetings, or Kinte- coyes, w'hout fpeciall Leave, and to bring away with you all their faid Armes, W^^ you are fafely to lay up and keepe in your Towne, till further Order. But in Cafe the above Indyans fhould happen to be refradlory, and refufe to deliver their Armes, you are (having taken the beft Acco' or Notice you can from whence they are, their Number, &c.), to warne and command all their Sagamacks, w'^out Delay, to repaire to mee at this Place, and all other Indyans Home, and fo leave them. At yo"" Return,

[ 128 ]

you are immediately to give mee a particular Ace of yo'' Proceedings, according to the aboue ; of* which you are not to faile, as you will anfwer the Contrary at your Perills. And for fo doing this fhall bee to you, and every of you, a fufficient Warrant.

Given under myHand and Seale in NewYorke, this 13''^ Day of December, 1675.

To the Conftable or chiefe Overfeer of Huntington.

Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii, Part 2, p. 74.]

At a Councell, Decern"' 22*, 1675.

Prcfent, The Governour,

The Secretary, Capt. Dyre.

Mr. Philips.

Ordered that a Letter be writt to y<^ Governour of Roade Ifland, upon News or Report that a Veffell deligned or bound for this Port, is ftopt at that Ifland upon Ace' of having Powder and Armes in her.

That Copies be Hkewife fent of the Orders for Prohibicon of Powder at Albany to be fold to the Indyans.

17

Letter to the Governour of Rhode Ijland. '

[Warrants, Orders, Paffcs, iii, 169.]

Decern. 22'^, 1675. Honbie S^.

This is by a Sloope bound to yC Parts not to omitt noe good Opportunity, though there bee no- thing new, but that I heare you have flopped a Vefld bound to this Place, on Ace' of fome Powder and Armes in her, which (as reprefented) would not only refledl on mee, and all the Magiftrates of this Government, but alfo on his Royall HighneiTe and the King himfelfe, whofe Commiffions I have. And therefore as I have endeavoured to do my Duty, and (un-afked) toferve my Neighbours, par- ticularly yo"" Colony from the Beginning of the Indyan Troubles, &c., Sale of Powder to Indyans being foe ftriftly forbidden here, I cannot give Creditt to this Report, not having heard from yo"" felfe or Colony of it, which I am confident I ihould, yet being told mee by fufficient Men, I pray I may.

1 William Coddington.

[ 131 ]

And if any fuch Thing bee, whether you have any Orders from the King to flop any of his Ma"«^ Sub- je<5ts, Veffells or Goods coming to thefe Parts and you' oblige,

Yo"" humble Servant,

[ 132 ]

The Gover7iour of Rhode IJland to the Cov- er ?tour and C ounce II of Bofon.

[New York Colonial MSS., xxv, p. 67.]

The Governo'' and Councell of ye Mathacufetts and Comiffioners of y^ Vnited Collonies writing to us do give vs Thanks for tranfporting their Sould" and P^'vilion and y' our Sloops tranfported their Wounded and defired vs to lett out loo or 200 Souldiers anfwering you denying fo to doe and gave your Grounds. This was our Poftcript.

Friends, Since our writing y<^ aboue faid to you is come to our Hands, certain printed Lawes or Orders of y^ 3'^ Nouemb'' 1675' fet forth by y<^

1 "Att a Meeting of the Vnited and Humiliation; to fupplycate the Collonies in Bollon, by Adjourn- Lords pardoning Mercye and Com- ment, Nouemb. 2: 1675. pafion towards this poor People; * * * * andfor SucceiTeinourlndeauorsfor The Commiflioncrs do agree to the repelling the Rage of the Eni- comend to the feverallgenerall Courts my." * * Hazard's American State or Councells, of the Vnited CoUo- Papen,\\,<^i-]. The general Court nies that they appoint and order the of Mafs., accordingly on the next fecond Day of December, being the Day appointed a Day of falling and fift Day of the Weeke to be obferued Prayer. Mafs. Coll. Records, v, and kept as a folenin Day of Prayer 6g. — Ed.

I. '33 J

Authority of yor Generall Aflembly of y-" Matathu- fetts your Secretaries Hand being to y^ wherein you fay you haue apoftated from ye Lord with a great Backfliding : To W^^ I do confent fo great hardly to be paralleled, all Things confidered, we were a People pi'fefling y<= Feare of ye Lord in England againft Bifhops and Ceremonies in tender Loue to all y' pfeffed Godlinefs, and fo departed from ye Land of our Nativity, declaring ye Ground of our Removall into New England, viz : to feek out a Place for our Brethren where we might en- joy ye Liberty of our Confciences y' ye Sons of Wickednefs might vex vs noe more, as was y" ■ publikely preached and declared.

a^ly . . . For ye Pf pagating of ye Gofpel convert- ing ye Indians &c :

3''ly . . .That we might enjoy fuch as preached ye Gofpell (ye Power of God to Salvation) for ye Bifhops did y" Silence our beft Minifters thefe and others in 1630 was printed and difperfed both in England and Holland w'^^ I haue by me in Print, ye Governo'' and Deputy Governor and Affiftants Hands being to it, my felfe and Simon Broadftreet

[ 134 ]

being two of y<^ y" Afliftants our Hands is to it, I haue y"^ at large in Print to be feene.

How well this hath bin performed by you, let your printed Lawes declare, and this amongft ye Reft our Houfes are now open to receive your Wounded and all in Diftrefs, we have p ''pared an Hofpitall for yors, but you a Houfe of Corredlion for all y' re- paire to our Meetings, is this foe do as you would be done by ? Your Minifters with us have not been molefted, ours with you have been perfecuted,' is this a Time for you to eftablifh Iniquity by a Law, — will not ye Lord be avenged on fuch a Nation as this yt fet vp Minifters y' are not fo made Minifters by yo'' Power of and endlefs Life, but of y<= Letter y' kills but not y^ Spirit y' giues Life and a Wor- fhip, yt is not in Spirit and Truth, fet by Chrift aboue 1 600 Yeares agoe ; we cannot come to you, but depart from o"" Lord as you haue done, therefore defiring your returne to y^ Power y' made you y^ true Light y' is in you.

This is written to you by one who aboue 45

1 Several Quakers in Bofton, were Autumn of 1675. Dr,iie'j Bojlon, compelled to run the Gauntlet for 410. — Ed.

refufmg to bear Arms during the

[ ^35 ]

Yeares part was one of you and now is one y' de- lires your true Good both eternall and temporal! as I did when I was with you, and am. Yours in true Loue,

Wm. Coddington,

Gouerno''. Rhoad IJland, 'January _)"' 9*, 167^, Vera Copia.

[ ^36 ]

Coimcil Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 81.]

At a Councell, Jany 17*, 1675.'

Prejent, The Govcrnour,

The Secretary, Capt. Dyrc,

Mr. Fred. Philips.

Refolved to write to y^ Governo'' of Bofton, to vindicate this Governm' from an Afperfion in a printed Paper of Decemr the 7* lafl: part, wherein they fett forth, that Philip in his Flight was fup- plyde with Ammunition from Albany whereby he was enabled to profecute his bloody Defigne againft ye Englifli.

That it be defpatched by an ExprelTe w* the firft Convenience.

Refolved, That there be a civill Letter of Thanks fent to ye Govern^ of Roade Ifland, in Anfwer to his two lafl to y^ Governo"" and a nearer Corref- pondence accepted and concluded, in y^ beft Man- ner for ye Prefervacon of both Colonyes, according

1 .67i.

[ n? J

to y^ Extent of their Patents, trom all Invafions or Encroachments on them and particularly to accept of a Mediation to compofe y^ Difference betwixt them and the neighbouring Colonyes concerning y^ Narraganfett Country and other Territoryes upon y= Maine, all which Treatys to be privately managed by ye Perfon or Perfons, who fhall carry the Letter to Bofton, who fhall have a Letter of Creditt and Inftrudlions to that Purpole.

Refolved to let y<^ Governo'' of Roade Ifland know, that any in their Parts driven by the Indyans from their Habitacons or Plantations, fhall be wel- come here and have Land afligned them upon this, Long Ifland or Staten Ifland.

And to take away all Apprehenfions from our prefent Inhabitants, or fuch as fhall come hither, it is likewife ordered, That all o"" Indyans on Long Ifland not yet difarmed, viz' Sequetauke, Seatauque, Unchechauge and Southampton, be forthwith dif- armed, as y^ others upon y^ Ifland already are, and no Indyan there to be permitted to have any fire Arms in any Cafe during ye prefent Troubles,

[ '38 ]

A7^ Order for all hidyans on Lo7ig IJJa?td to be difarmed, i?t this "JunBure of the JVarre^ and that ?ione ramble from Place to Place^ &'r.

[Warrants, Orders. PafTes, iii, 174.]

By the Go-oerjiour :

Whereas I am informed from feveral Townes and Places on Long Ifland, of the general Appre- henfions of the People concerning any our Indyans being armed at this Jundlure, for w^^^ though I hope there is noe Caufe, however by the Advice of my Councell I have ordered that all Indyans on Long Ifland that have by the Favour of the Townes (as allowed) their Armes ftill entrufted to them bee forthwith difarmed, and the faid Armes according to former Order to be fafely laid up and kept in or near the Block Houfe or fFortification in the feverall Townes : And that all Indyans have Notice not to ramble or goe from Place to Place out of the Bounds they live in without a Certificate from y^ Magiftrate or Confl:able to be fliowed to the like Officers at

[ 139 ]

their Arrivall where they goe, and have Leave to rtay : But all Juftice to be ihewed to them accord- ing to Law and Orders of y= Court of Aifizes, and concerning fFortification. This Order to bee forth- with effedlually put in Execution, and a due Returne made to mee thereof by the feverall Townes in whofe Precindls any Indyans live by the firft Oppor- tunity or ExprelTe, if Occaiion : Of which none to faile as they will Anfwer the Default at their utmoft Perills.

Given under my Hand in New Yorke y^ 24th Day of January, in the 27th Yeare of his Ma'ies Reigne, Annoq D™ 1675.'

E. Andros. To the Juftices of the Peace, Military Officers, Conilables and Overfeers of Southampton, &c.

I The like fent to all the Towns on Long Illand.J

[ HO

Mr. Stanton ai^ota Indya?i News.

[New York Colonial MSS., XXT, 77.]

Thefe may certifie all whome it may conferne that the Pecoites' Indians haue bene out with the Englifh againfl the Naraganlits and haue aproued themfelues uery faithfuU to our Englifh Interefl the Enemy fled before the Army and in the Purfute thefe Pequets Indians did uery good Serues : we flewe in all neere about fouer fcore Perfons and fol- lowed them neare about thre fcore and ten Mille the Enemies hauing Noties of our Armyes aproach- ing the Sechems fleed and their Wimen and Child- ren and lefte fixtye Patomtook Indians three hun- dred fitteing Men to way lay the Army by the Ambufcadoes weare by the Prouidence of God timely difcovered by our Endyins. They wounded flue Englifh Men in the Rear of the Army after they weare beaten in the Fronte by our Englifh and our Endyans. We flew at that Time fiue of the Up- landers and kiled on of there chefe Captaines and

' Pequo,.

[ HI ]

the fame Day took y^ Towne and layed there all Night, the next Day burned the Towne and then marched to the Metropolitente Place and found it deferted fo fired nere fiue hundred Widgwames. This Scalpe cared by the Bearer was a Endyon of greate Accounte and was taken with 25 Perfones more by the Pecoites Indyons upon their returning Home after they parted with the Englifli .... and his Men killed two Men nere Noradg and took away a Boy alive this 6 Febrery. This is fhort but ... in large. Febr'y 9 : 1675.'

Your loving Friend,

[ '42 ]

Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii, Part 2, p. 85.]

At a Confultation held Feb)' 24*, 1675.'

Prefent, The Govcrnour, and Councell, The Mayor and Aldermen.

*****

Mr. Matthias Nicolls, and Mr. Samuell Leete, being returned from Bofton, and having brought a Letter from ye Governor and Councell there to y= Governor, which v\^as not fatiffadory.

Refolved, That for y<^ Prefent no further Appli- cation be made to y^ Government of Bofton. 1 167I.

[ H3

The Exammation of Tho, Warner, that had been a Prifoner with the hidians,

Feb. 25, 1675.'

[New York Colonial MSS., x•x^ , Si.]

Thomas Warner one of the two that came downe from Albany and had beene Prifonf w'*> y^ Indyans who arrived here this Morne, being examined, faith, that he was one of y^ Pfons that being fent out from Hatfield^ where the Englifh Army lay, to difcover

- On the 19th ot'Oaober, 1675, the Indians having cut ofF the Scouts that had been fent out to obtain In- telligence of any Enemies in the Neighborhood, made an Attack upon Hatfield with a Force of 700 or 800 Men. The Place was gar- rifoned by two Companies, under the Command of Captains Mofeley and Poole, who were ibon joined by a Reinforcement from Hatfield under Captain Applcton. The Engagement was fpirited and obftinate,and ended with the Repulfc of the Enemy, whp

retired in great Hafte and Confufion, having only Time to burn a few Barns and other out Buildings and drive off a Number of Cattle. Ten Perfons, including Thomas Warner, the Deponent of the above Statement, are recorded as flain. Holland'i HiJI. of W. Mafs , i, 105. It is probable that his Efcape was not known at Hatfield. This was among the laft of their important Efforts on the Connefticut River before retir- ing to the Country of the Narra- ganfets. Drake's Book of Indians, 217. — Ed.

I H4 J

the Enemy, but a Party of Indyans way lay d them, and Ihott downe 5 of their Company, and tooke 3 of which he and his Comrade are two, the 3*^ they put to death, the 9* was an Indyan that came with them, and efcap't away.

That the Indyans lay ftill two Dayes after they were taken, and then a Party of about 30 with whom he was march't to a River to the north eafl from thence about 80 Miles called Oafuck, where about a Fortnight after the Reft of the Army came to them, having in the meane Time burnt two Townes : They kill'd one of the Prifone" pre- fently after they had taken him, cutting a Hole below his Breaft out of which they puU'd his Gutts, and then cutt off his Head.

That they putt him fo to Death in the Prefence of him and his Comrade, and threatened them alfo with the like.

That they burnt his Nayles, and put his Feet to fcald them ag^ the Fire, and drove a Stake through one of his Feet to pin him to the Ground. The Stake about the Bigneffe of his Finger, this was about 2 Days after hee was taken. They continued at Oafmuk fending out p'ys feverall Days and that

[ H5 ]

about 5 Weeks agoe at one of their Meetings he faw 2 1 GO Indyans all fighting Men, [of?] which 5 or 600 French Indyans, with Strawes in their Nofes.

When hee was taken the p'y were ab' 600 In- dyans.

That the Riuer Indyans rec^ thofe Indyans kindly, furnifli't them with Provifions, and fome of thofe Indyans were with them that .... him.

That there were 5 or 600 of the Indyans with Strawes in their Nofes, which they called the French Indyans.

That hee was made to tell the Number by y^ Indyans themfelves, which hee did 3 Times over.

That there were mofl young Men, the oldeft not 40 Years old.

That they were fupplyed with Powder from . . . French Indyans.

That they fi their Defigne wa& in y^ Spring to goe to Hadley, Hartford &c. and Conedticut Col., and having deftroyed them to goe to Bofton y^ . . . and then after that they would deftroy ye Dutch, &c., but the French and

19

i: h6 ]

Coimcil Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 85.]

At a Councell, Feb. 26'1', 167 J.

Prefent, The Governour,

The Secretary, Capt. Djre,

Mr. Fred. Philips.

Upon reading Governo'' Coddington's Letter, and Conlideracons of other Letters, and Returnes of Meflages from other Colonyes,

Refolved, That it is not advifeable at this Jundiure to make any Apphcation, or fend any friendly Mel- fage to Y North Lidyans, but if they apply them- felves not refufe hearing of them.

The other Colonyes, viz' y= Maffachufetts Con- nedlicott and Plimouth principally engaged in y^ Warre, not having made us acquainted with their Concernes, and fome of them flighted our friendly Tenders, to continue our Endeavors as Chriftians and Y King's Subjefts, for ye Good of this Govern- ment without farther Application to the faid Colo- nyes.

[ ^^7 ]

Refolved, That y^ Governo"' goe forthwith to Albany to fettle Matters there, it being of very great Import.

That y= Wickerfcreeke Indyans, if they delire it, be admitted with their Wives and Children to plant upon this liland but nowhere elfe if they remove, and yt it be upon y^ north Point of y= Ifland neare Spiting Devill. The f'l Indyans to be protected comporting themfelves as they ought, and all our other Indyans round, doeing yc like to be aifured of Protedlion.

That a Letter be written to y= Governo'' of Roade Ifland to acquaint him w'h ye Governo" going up to Albany to take Order there, having Notice of ye Maques Indyans being moved in a warrelike Manner againft y^ North Indyans. That y^ Gov- erno'' hath not Time to write now in Anfwer to y^ Particulars of his Letter, but fhall have all due Re- gard to them, of w^h he fhall give him an Ace" at his Returne.

[ 148 ]

The Goverfiours Order to Lieut. Teunise to demand Chrijiian Prifoners of the Indians.

[New York Colonial MSS., xx^', p. 88.]

By the Governour :

You are hereby authorized and required, with the Indian Guide ordered w' you, forthwith to goe eaftward, to the furtheft Part of the Goverm' or as farr as Coneticut River, to finde out Philep or other North Indians, lately within this Governm', and lett him or other Sachems or Commanders in Chief know ; y' haveing heard of there being in warlike Pofture, intruded and brought fome Chrifl- ian Prifoners in our Parts, I have therefore fent you to demand the faid Chriftian Prifoners, brought by them vnto this Governm' and to command and forewarne them, from, or returning into any Pairt of the Government or Confines.

If they ihould be divided into feverall Partyes or Parts, you are then as you fee Caufe and have Opportunity, to goe to each, but to make no

L H9 ]

longer Stay, in any, than to deliver your Meflage, and receive fuch Prifoners as they Ihall deliver and refrefli and reft yourfelf, and without Delay to re- turn and make the beft of your Way to me.

Given under my Hand and Seall in Albany, the 4}^ March, 1 6ji To Gerrit Teunise,

L' to Capt. VoLKERT.

Agrees w* yc Principall was iigned.

Quod Atteftor R.Livingston.

[ 15° ] Order to Confine William Loveridge.

[New York Colonial MSS., xxv, p. go.]

Copia Vera. By the Govemour :

Whereas Mr. W'". Loveridge did 2d Inftant afore me Magiftrates and cheef Officers of thefe Pairts, alleadge and confidently affirm that the North Indians have been lately now this laft Winter, fup- plyed by the (Dutch as he termed them) Inhabit- ants of this Place with Ammunition, notwithftand- ing the Law and flridt Prohibicon ; but could not make it appear by any Evidence, or Circumftance, or named any Perfone, whatever, he could fufpedl, and therefore was committed, and not haveing yett, and it being a generall Imputation and Reflexion, you are in his Maj: Name, further ordered ; ftill to keep the faid W™ Loveredge, untill he give fuffi- cient Security, at the Secretary, or Clerks Office, to anfwere y<= fame, at the next generall Court of Affizes, and to be in the mean Time of good Bi-

[ ^51 ]

havior, for which this Ihall be your fufficient War- rant.

Given under my Hand in Albany this 1 1 '^^ Day of March i Sy^ Was figned

E. Andross. To M"" Michel Suton, Sheriffe or Scout in Albany.

This is a true Coppy examined by me, Ro : Livingston, Seer.

[ 152 ]

An Order made at Albany about felling of Powder to the Indyans there.

[Warrants. Orders, Pafles, iii, 223.]

By the Governour.

Whereas I did in Odlober laft paft, limite the Sale of Powder in thefe Parts to be obferved, but the Mahikanders coming now to Uve among us, and nearer to this Place, I do hereby allow and order that the Commander, or two of the Magif- trates, may and do, from Time to Time, permitt fuch Mahikanders as are already, or fhall come to live by us, as above, to buy and bee fupplyd with Powder for their neceflary Occafions, not exceeding 1-4 of a Pound at a Time as pr faid Order which Leave or Permitts to bee writt and given out either to Indyans or Chriftians for them, by the Secretary or Towne Clarke ex officio gratis.

Given under my Hand in Albany, this 27 '^ March 1676.

E. Andross.

[ K^3 \ Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 87.]

At a Councell, Aprill y^ 4th, 1676.

Prcjcnt, The Govcrnour,

Capt. Anthony Brockholcs, The Secretary, Capt. William Dyrc. Mr. Fred. Philips.

The Governour returning yefterday from Albany he was pleafed to fhew to the Councell feverall Papers of the Proceedings above between hisHono"" and the Maques Indyans, together with a Relation of the MelTage fent to the North Indyans.

Refolved, That y^ Wickerfecreeke and Long Ifland Indyans have fpeedy Notice of yc Governo'"s Arrivall, that they may bee fpoke with,

[ 154 ] Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 87.]

At a Councell, Aprill y^ 8'^, 1676.

Prejent, The Governour,

Capt. Brockhoks, The Secretary,

Capt. Dyre, Mr. Philips.

*****

Ordered, That all Boates and Veflells that pafs through Hell Gate do take a Permitt from y^ Cuf- tom Houfe by Reafon of y= Indian Troubles, which Permitt (unlelTe for Merchandize) to be given Gratis and with all Difpatch.

[ 155 ]

Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii, Part 2, p. 90.]

Aprill ye lo^h, 1676.

There was a Meeting of the Governo'' and Coun- cell in the Morning upon Occafion of the Arrivall of M-- Samuell Willis and M-" Will-" Pitkin with a Lett;r from the Councell of Connedticott ; The Letter being read, it was not adjudged that the Gentlemen menconed therein were authorized fur- ther than in Complement or for Advice. Thereupon they produced their Inllrudtions and read them, but no further Authority appearing, the Governo'' pro- pofed to them to deliver their Minds in writeing, to y^ which he would likewife returne them Anfwer in writeing.

Afternoone, Mr. Willis and Mr. Pitkin delivered in their Propofalls in writeing. To the which after a Confultacon of the Governo'' and Councell, to- gether with the Mayor and Aldermen, an Anfwer was made ; and publikely read to the Connedlicott Gentlemen, y^ Governo'' and Councell, with the

[ 156]

Mayor and Aldermen being together, and divers Merchants and other Strangers admitted to bee prefent.

Ordered, That a faire Copy of what was read be given to the Gentlemen as an Anfwer both to the Letter and Propofalls.

The Tenour as follows.

THE PROPOSaLLS.

To the Hon''''' Major Edmond An- dros, Governo'of his Highnsfs'c

S"^ . having prefented to your Hono'' the Letter w* wee received from y" Secretary of Conefticutt Colony, according to our Inftruc- tions and y 'Import of that Letter as Agents fent from the faid Councell, wee do in their Behalf defire.

Firft. That y^ Hono"- will pleafe to informc us of what Intelligence you have, as to y^ State and Place of the Enemyes of the Colony of Con- nefticutt, and what Correfpondence y" Enemy holds with y" Maques and

to y" Propofalls of M' Samuel Wil- lis, and M' William Pitkin, in the Name of the Councell of Connefticutt, from whom they brought a Letter, dated the firft of Aprill moft mirtaken and in- cffeftuall.

You are fent Agents to falute, but not authorized or empowered to treate or conclude, by faid Councells Letter, or othcrwifc that appeares.

I ft. I know of no Commerce or Corrcipondence w"" fuch Indyans, butt upon the Rumor of your Warrc (having made fitting Preparations) when fl Indyans did approach our Confines, were repulfed by our In-

[ ^57 ]

Sinnekes, and how y^ faid Maqucs and Sinnekes ftand afFeftcd towards the faid Colony of Connefticutt, according as your Hono'' is adver- tized or knoweth.

Secondly ; That your Hono'' will advize us what is beft to be done in exciteing the Maqucs and Sin- nekes to profccute their and our Enemys according, as is propounded in the faid Letter, and what Prefent (if any) you will advize us to give them to that End.

Thirdly, if your Hono'' advize us thereunto, diat you will pleafe to afford your Aide and Condufl: to us therein, and an Interpreter, with whatelfc may in your Hono""^ Pru- dence beft effeftuate y^ fame.

Fourthly, what Liberty your Hono'' will grant us to paffe to Al- bany, or any other convenient Place in your Governm* to excite y* faid Indyans, according to our Inftruc- tions to proceed againftourEnemyes. Yo' honors humble Serv»», Sam"- Willis. William Pitkin.

New Yorke, April lo"', 1676.

the Maquc

and Sinnekes, ind (as wee arc informed) are re- treated beyond Connefticutt River, but am ignorant if our Indyans have any particular Knowledge of you, which fhould bee beft known to

z^ and 3"^. Having already taken fitting Orders, hope the Maques &c. will do their Dutye as they ought to this Government, on all Occafions, and cannot bee fubjeft to two.

4th. Thinkc it ftrange that you fhould afke to treate with any Branch of this Gouernment apart, and upon your own Ace' and notwithftanding ye Neighbourhood and all my En- deavours unafltt, that you have hith- erto, and ftill keepe the Concernes of your faid Indyan Warrc.

Nnu Yorke, Aprill io">, 1676.

[ 158 ] Coimcil Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 93.]

At a CoLincell Apr. 23d, 1676.

Prejent, The Governour,

The Secretary, Capt. Dyre,

Mr. Philips.

Before Noone.

The Matter under Coniideracon was y<^ Receit of two Letters, the one from Councell of Boflon the other from the Councell of Conned:icut in anfwer to what was fent by Mr. Willis and M^. Pitkin.

Neither of them being plaine or fatisfaftory, the Returne of an Anfwer was put off till afternoon. After Noone.

The Mayo"" being alfo prefent with the Governo'' and Councell, it was concluded that an Anfwer fhould be fent by M^. Daniell Burre (who brought the Letter from Connedlicutt) by Word of Mouth. To the Effed: hereafter written, viz':

Refolved, That the Letter of the iS'^Inftant from the Councell of Connedlicutt, being only gen"" and as formerly no fuiteable Returnes, nor

L 159 J

any Truft repofed, it requires no Anfwer, but Ihall continue our Duty without intrenching on our Neighbours.

That an Anfwer be Hkewife fent by Word of Mouth for the prefent to Boflon, by M^ Richard Patterfliall, who is upon his Departure. The which was accordingly done, but with all Civility.

[ i6o ] Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 94.] *****

At a Councell, May 5*, 1676.

Prcjent, The Governour,

Capt. Brockholcs, The Secretary,

Capt. Dyre, Mr. Philips.

Newes being brought from Roade Ifland by Mr. Jofeph Carpenter, of the great Number of People flockt thither from their Habitations deftroyed by the Indyans, infomuch that the Inhabitants are very much ftraitened by their Numbers, and will quickly want Provifions.

It being propofed whether not convenient at this Jundlure to fend a Sloope thither to offer them Tranfportation into this Colony, where they may have Lands affigned them.

Ordered, That the Governours Sloope being ready, bee forthwith fent to Rhode Ifland with Diredlions to bring as many Palfengers as may bee, and that the Sloopes belonging to Luycas and

L i6i J

Chriftian now bound for Bofton, do call there like- wile in coming back, and any other Sloopes to haften thither, and take in fuch PafTengers as are willing to come.

Ordered, That upon this extraordinary Occafion of the Warre, and other late Intelligences, the feverall Townes upon Long Ifland be fent to, to reprefent the fame unto the Inhabitants in order to a Levy, and to know what they will give towards a Supply.

[ ^62 J

Orders fe?it to the Toivnes of the Wejl and North Ridings^ by Capt. William Dyre, May 8th, 1676.

[Warrants, Orders, Pafles, iii, 193.]

Mr. Conjlable and OverJ'eers :

The Warre continuing eaftward, in the Manner it is, of w^h daily fad Tidings, I am now neceflitated to reprefent to you and the whole Government, and how neceifary it is to make a more than ordinary Provifion, to prevent the like Miferyes, ffor which, having already been at a greater Expence then his Royall Highneife Revenue in this Place : I pray you'l take it into yo"" p'fent Conlideracons to agree and order fuch a fuitable Supply for yo"" Towne, as may be proper, for fo an extraordinary Occafion, and that it bee in the Nature of a Rate, defigning to bee received in the fame Manner and accompted for to the Countrey at the Gena" Court of Affizes. I am,

yo"" affed:ionate ffriend,

E. Andros.

[ i63 ]

This is by Cap' William Dyre, who is ordered to receive and bring yo'' Relult.

M.[atthias] N[icolls,] Seer.

Warrants were iffued May 1 3 'l^ to the Conftables and Overfeers of Henipflead and Flatlands, to ap- pear and anfwer for Negled: of the above Orders.

[ i64 ] Cotmcil Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 97.]

At a Councell, May 23*^, 1676.

Prefent, The Govcrnour,

Capt. Brockholcs, The Secretary,

Capt. Dyre, Mr. Philips, Mr. Mayor, Capt. Dclavall.

The Matter under Confideracon was about a Letter to be writt to y^ Governour and Councell of Bofton, in anfwer to theirs of Aprill y^ fifth.

The Letter being read was approved of, and or- dered to be fent by Mr. Mayor, hee being bound for Bofton.

At a Councell, May 28 '^ 1676.

Prefent, The Govcrnour,

Capt. Brockholcs, The Secretary,

Capt. Dyre, Mr. Philips,

Capt. Dclavall, Capt. Salijbury.

Upon the Arrivall of the Governors Sloope from Rhode Ifland, feverall Letters comeing to his Hono""

[ i65 ]

from thence, Martins Vineyard, and Nantuckett, relateing to their prelent Condicon and the Report and ProbabiHty of Bofton, makeing a Peace with the North Indyans, upon their own Account alone ; Refolved, That Endeavours be made to putt a Stop to the Maques farther profecuting the North In- dyans.

That an Order be iflued forth for the RedeUvery of the Indyans Armes upon Long liland.

At a Councill May y= 29 1\ 1676. Whereas, being in Peace we have upon Ace' of our Neighbours Warre, difarmed all our Indyans upon Long Ifland, and prohibitted all Canooes from goeing in the Sound, neither of which our Neigh- bours have as yett done, and finding no Caufe to continue the fame ; but rather the Contrary by our Indyans good Comport, thefe are therefore to fig- nify the fame unto you, and that you may and are at Liberty to redeliver all Arms taken from your Indyans, unleffe you fee or know Caufe to the Contrary : In which Calb you are to detayne them and fignify the fame unto the Governor. But

[ i66 ]

in either Cafe to continue carefull Watch and Ward according to former Orders.

To the Juftices of the Peace, Conflables, and Over- feers of any of the Townes upon Long Ifland. Upon AppHcation of Mr. John Pell (one of the Juftices of the Peace,) concerning the Indyans living upon his Land at Anne Hookes Neck, ufing their Canooes, contrary to the Order of the Court of AlTizes, prefumeing fo to doe for that y'^ Indians upon Long Neck (neare Stamford in y= neighbour Colony) have theirs, and never forbidden them, though in Warre. Ordered, That Mr. Pell do make Enquiry of the Truth thereof and give an Account of itt hither. In meane Time upon his Requeft, the Indians upon his Land are to have Liberty to make Ufe of three Canooes about their Occalions, and if the Juftice upon Enquiry do find it pradlifed as is alleaged, upon his making his Re- turne thereof to y^ Governour, then they are to have all their Canooes returned them againe.

Ordered, That all North Indyans that will come in, may be protedled, and a Stop to be put to the Maques further profecuting P North Indyans.

[ '67

Coiaicil Mi?naes.

[CVmcil Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. .01.]

At a Councell May 30'h, 1676.

Refolved, The Governo'' being intended for Albany the next "Weeke and Capt. Tho. Delavall being now goeing up, that he be delired and author- ized as foon as hee arrives there, to communicate it to Serj' Sharpe the prefent Command'' and with laid Sharpe, by Means of Arnold the Interpreter, fend Word to the Maques and Sinnekes of y^ Governo''^ faid Coming, and that he delires and orders that fome of them will meet him there, and particularly Carriconty. The faid Mellage to be fent by a Maques from Albany, who is to be well paid, and no further Mencon to any others, or Talke thereof at Albany : Alfo to fend Word by fome good Mahi- cander eaflward (who is likewife to be rewarded) that all Indyans that will come in and fubmit, fhall bee received to live under the Protedlion of the Government, and that the Governo'' will bee there as afore, where any of them may freely come and

L ^68 ]

fpeake with him, and returne againe as they fee Caufe without Moleftation.

Memorand'". That the fFrench do receive North Indyans under their Protedlion, and its faid that five hundred of them are already there. •

That the Governm' of Conedlicutt hath Ukewife made an Order, at their late Gen^ali Court, that any Indyans that will come in ihall be received, have Land afTigned them, and be protedted under their Government.

Canada and Sctdement at La Prairc, ^ The Emigration of Irocjuois to occurred about this Time. — Ed.

[ '69 ]

Council Minutes.

[Council Minutes, iii, Part z, p. 103.]

At a Meeting of the Councell in the Abfence of the Governour, June lo, 1676.

Prcjent, Capt. Brockoles, The Secrctarj^ Capt. Dyre, Mr. Philips.

Mr. Pell having upon Enquiry made Returne that it hath been and IHll is pradtifed by y Indyans on Long Neck, 6cc., to have their Canooes, the following Order w^as made.

The Wyckerfcreeke Indyans having made Suite to the Governo'' that the Reftraint of their going into and pafling to and fro in y^ Sound in Canooes may be taken off, in regard to their planting on Mr. Pells Land at Anne Hoockes Neck' or y^ Iflands adjacent ; Upon Confideration of their good Com- port, and alfo for that y^ Indyans in the neighbour Colony of Conedicutt have hitherto beene, and are

^ InthcprcfcntTownofPclham, Wcllchcfter County. See Bolton"! Weftchejhr, i, 515.

I ^70 ]

now permitted the Ufe of their Canooes, it is Ordered, That our faid Indyans of Wickerfcreeke have Liberty to make Ufe of their Canooes, in the Sound, or any other Part within the Government, Long Ifland excepted.

[ 171 ]

Council M'mutes.

[Council Minutes, iii. Part 2, p. 104.]

At a Councell, July 26, 1676.

Prejent, The Govcrnour,

The Secretary, Capt. Dyre.

A Letter being brought from the Governo'' and Councell of Conedlicott, giving Notice of the North Indians tending towards Hudfons River,

An Anfwer was fent to it, declaring y^ Improba- bility of what was fuggefted by them.

3Re(ort of a Court iHJlarttal

HELD AT

Newport, R. I. in Auguft, 1676,

FOR THE

Trial of Indians charged with beifig engaged in Philip's Dejigns.^

Newport, Auguft 24'^ 1676. HE Names of the Members of the Court Martiall.

Walter Clarke, Govcrnour, [ajor John Crayton, Dcpt. Govcrnour, John Coggejhall, AQljtant, Mr. James Barker, AJJijlant,

^ The Narraganfctts and Wam- panogas, at firft friendly to Rhode Ifland, becoming exafperated againll all the Englifh by the Outrages com- mitted by the New England Troops upon defcncelcfs Women, Child- ren and old Men, attacked Bull's Garrilbn in South Kingftown, and

afterwards Warwickand Providence, wreaking their Vengeance upon all who fell in their Way. It was ac- cordingly decided by the major Part of the Government to hold a Court Martial for the Trial of fev- eral Indians that had been captured by the Rhode Ifland Troops. This

[ '74 ]

Mr. John Eajlon, AJiJlant,

Mr. William Harris, Aijljiant.

Capt. Arthur ffenner, AJJiJlant,

Mr. Thomas Borden, AJJiJlant,

Mr. Jojliua Coggcjhall, AJJiJlant,

Mr. William Cadman, AJJiJlant,

Capt. Randall Houlden, AJJiJlant,

Mr. Samucll Gorton, Jun., AJJiJlant,

Edward Richmond, Secretary,

Capt. Edmund Calverly, Attorney General,

James Rogers, Gen. Sergeant,

Henry Lilly, Mar/hall and Cryer.

Military Officers.

Capt. Pelcg Sanford, Left. Latham Clarke,

Capt. Roger Williams, Left. fFrancis Gijborn,

Capt. Samucll Wilbore, Left. Ireh Bull,

Capt. John Albro, Enfn. Wcjlon Clarke,

Capt. EdmundCalverly. En/h. James Barker,

Capt. John ffoancs, Enjh. Caleb Arnold,

Left. Edward Richmond. Enfn. Hugh Mojher,

Left. John Green, Enjn. John Potter. Left. William Corrcy,

I Edmund Calverly, Attorney Generall, in the Behalfe of our Ibveraigne Lord the King Charles the

Court was formed Auguil z^A., in upon juft Caufc, to invade and de- accordance with the Powers granted ftroy the native Indians and other in their Charter "to Exercife the Enemies of the faid Colony." Law Martiall in fuch Cafes as Oc- The Courfe purfued by Rhode cafions ihall neceifarily require, and Ifland towards their Indian Prifon-

[ 175 ] fecoiid, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, &c. Doe impeach the Quanpen otherwile Sowagonifh, an Indian Sachim, relating to the Nar- raganfett Country in the Collony of Rhode Ifland, and Providence Plantations in New England, for thefe fundry Crimes ffollowing, namely : ffor being difloyall to his faid Majefty fundry Ways.

Videleiet. ffor that thou half not faithfully adheared to the Government eftabliflied in thisfaid Collony by his faid Majefty, but haft rebellioufly adheared to Indians of another Collony called Ply- moth, namely, Philip chiefe Sachem of the Indians

crs, was however lenient as com- From 20 fo 30 to fcrve 8 Years. ' pared with that of the other New All above 30 to ferve 7 Years. England Colonies. The Rhode Idand General Af- The Town Authorities of Provi- fembly in March, 1676, forbade idenceon the 14th of Auguft, 1676, Slavery of the Indians, and enafted difpofed of a. Number of Indian a Law by "which they could only be Captives upon the following Con- ' made to ferve for a limited Time, ditions, recommended by a Com- for the paying of Debts, fulfilling of mittee confifting of Roger Williams, Covenants and defraying the Ex- Thomas Harris, Sen., Thomas An- pcnfe of bringing up. gell, Thomas Field and John Whip- We are indebted to Dr. David pie, Jun. King of Newport, R. I., for this Alllndians under 5 to ferve till 30. Record, which is copied from the Above 5 and under lo,' till 28. Original, and now for the firft Time Above 10 to 15, till 27. • -- - prmted.-^ETJ. ' ■ ~ ' " Above I 5 to 20, till 26.

[ 176 ]

in that faid Collony, whoe with his Indians did within fixteen Months paft trayteroufly, rebeUioufly, royetoufly and routoufly arm, weapon, and array themfelves with Swords, Guns and Staves, &c., and have killed and bloodely muthered many of his faid Majeftys good Subjects, who lived peaceably under the fundry Governments to which they did be- long.

Butt more partikularly thou haft through thy wicked bloody Minde and trayterous, rebellious, roietous and routous Afts, with Swords, Guns, Staves, Sec, in thy owne Perfon, within this his Maj"« Collony, and many great Companys of Indians with the,fome of them yett unknowne, armed and arrayed as aforefaid, didft doe great Damage to our fove- raigne Lord the King, by killing his SubjecSts, burn- ing their Houfes, killing and driving away their Cattell, and many more Outrages of that Nature, have been by the and thy Confederats done and committed, all againft the Peace of our foveraigne Lord the King, his Crowne and Dignity, for all which Adls of thine, I doe on the Behalfe of his faid Majefty, impeatch the as a Rebell in the Face

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of this Court, and pray Juftice againft thee the faid Quanapen, otherwife Sowagonifh, &c.

Edward Calverly, Attorney Generall. Dated at a Court Martiall held in Newport, yc 24^^ of Auguft, 1676.

Quanopen owned, that he among the Reft was in Amies againft the Englifli Nation, and that he was at the fwamp Fight, and that he had nothing to fay againft the Indians burning and diftroying Pettacomfcutt, and that he was at the Aflaulting of Mr. WiUiam Carpenters GarifTon at Pawtuxet,' and that he was in Armes at Nafhaway, and did afift in diftroyinge and burninge the Towne, and takeinge and carrying away the EngUfh Captives to the Number of about 20.

Voted. Guilty of the Charge, and that he fhall be fhott to death in this Towne on the 26th Inftant, at about one of the Clock in the Afternoone.

An Indian with one Eye, Quanopens Brother

^ William Carpenter's Houfe was were cxtinguiflied by thofe within.

attacked by about three hundred In- ThelndiansdroveofFalargc Amount

dians, January 27, 1676. The of Stock. Drake's B- of Indians.

Houfe was fired, but the Flames 220. — Ed.

23

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faith his Brother Quanopen was a Comander in the Warr, but he was not, he being foe defedive in his eye Sight, that he was incapable.

Voted, that at prefent Judgment is fufpended.

Augufi: 25^1.

Sunkeecunafuck upon his Examination owneth, that he was at the burning and deftroying of War- wick, and that Wenunaquabin, " an Indian that is now in Prifon, was at the burning and diftroying Warwick with him, at the fame Time, and that his Brother Quanopin, was the fecond Man in Comand in the Narraganfett Cuntry, that he was the next to Nenanantenentt.

And Nechett, an Indian, owned that he faw Sunkeecunafuck at Warwick, and that he was in- flrumentall in chief in faveing his Life.

Voted guilty of the Charge, and to fufter Death, the fame Time and Place with his Brother.

Afliamattan, upon his Examination, owneth that his Brother Quanapin, had fome of the Wampa- nooage with him, and that his Brother Quanapin had many Indians under his Comand, but Nenanan- tenentt was counted the chiefeft of the two, and

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that they had recrute of Powder latly from the Dutch.

Voted that prefent Judgement is fufpended.

Wenanaquabln of Pawtuxett faith, that he was not at the wounding of John Scott, but was at that Time Uving at Abiah Carpenters, and he could cleer him. Abiah Carpenters being fentfor, before his Face faith, that he went away from their Houfe fome Time in May, 1675, and did not lee him againe, nor could heare of him till towards Winter, which he faith is true. The faid Wenanaquabin further faith, that he did not come to Warwick till Night after the Towne was burned, and after owned that he faw Nechett an Indian there. The faid Nechett, to his Face afirmed that he faw him at Warwick at the burning the Towne with his Gun, about Noone. The faid Wenanaquabin alfo con- fefleth, that he was at the Fight with Capt. Turner, and there loft his Gun, and fwam over a River to fave his Life.'

1 Capt. William Turner of Bol- by the Indians, but lliccccded in

ton, having been but a Ihort Time repelling ihem. On the i 8th of

ftationcd at Northampton, was on May, with Capt. Samuel Holyoke,

the 14th of March, 1676, attacked of Springfield, and 180 Men, he

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Voted guilty of the Charge, and that he ihaW be putt to Death after the fame Manner, and Time and Place as Quanopin.

John Wecopeak, on his Examination faith, that he was never out againfl: the Englifh, but one Time with other Narraganfett Indians about the Month of March laft, againft a Towne upon Conedticutt River called in Indian Pewanafuck, and at that Time their Company burned a Barne and two dwelling Houfes, and killed two Englifhmen, and that he was not at the burninge of Pettacomfcutt, but was at that Time with Indian John, William HeifFermans Man, removeinge their Wigwams, but fhortly after he was fent downe by the Sachems to fetch off two dead Indians from thence, and faith that Georg Crafts Wife was (hott with a Slugg, and chopt in fome Parts of her Body with a Hatchett, and faith fhe did not crye hoe. Alfo faith, that he was at the Fight with Capt. Turner, and run away

furprifed a large Party of the Enemy Captain Turner, with about thirty

at the Falls above Deerfield, and of his Men were flain in croffing

fucceeded in deftroying about three Green River. Holland's IVeJiern

hundred with the Lofs of only one Majfachufetti, \, 1 1 3- 1 24. Drake" i

Man. Upon returning, the Party Bofton, 419. met with a Series of Difafters, and

[ i8i ]

by Reafon the Shott came as thick as Raine, but faid alfoe, that he was at a great Diftance. Butt John Godfree and William Heifferman faith, that he the faid Wecopeak told them, that he faw Capt. Turner, and that he was fhott in the Thigh, and that he knew it was him, for the faid Turner faid that was his Name.

Voted guilty of the Charge, and to dye as the others.

Anaftiawin of Narraganfett denyeth, that he layed Hands on John Green of Narraganfett, occafioned about the Death of a dumb Boy, although afirmed by three WitnefTes to his Face, to wit : Mr. Thomas Gould, John Andra and Daniel Green.

The Court adjourned till Thurfday next at ten of the Clock in the Morning, being the 31'^ of this Inftant.

Before the Court Martiall the 31^ of Auguft, 1676.

Quonaehewacout faith, that he was informed that all the Sachims was at the takeing and burning of Ireh Bulls Garrifon.'

1 The Garrifon of Mr. Jcrah Bull i6, 1675, and all the People flain, was taken by the Indians, December feventeen in Number. — Ed.

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Manailes Molalles, called and anlwered to the Name, being examined concerning Low Rowland, kilJ at Poca.Tet'i.» Side (being an Englifliman) and llaine or murdered by the Indians, and this MoUalTes being charged or llifpedled to have a Hand in the Crime, anlwers, that he did not kill him, but being in the Woods, the Indians came and faid fuch a one was kild, and offered to fell the Coate of the Perfon foe murdered or llaine, and that he the faid MoUaffes bought the Coate (of the faid dead Man) for ground Nuts, and further faith, that it was one Quafquomack kild the faid Rowland.

This Deponent, John Cook, aged about forty- five Yeares, teftefyeth, being at Punckateft, in the Midle of July, or thereabout, did afk of feverall Indians, named as foUoweth : Woodcock, Matowat, and Job, whome they were, that kild Low How- land, the forefd Indians' Anfwer was, that there was fix of them in Company, and Manaffes was the Indian that fetcht him out of the Water, ffurther this Deponant faith not.

This Deponant, John Brigs, aged thirty-five Yeares or thereabout, teftefyeth to the above written

1 Now Tiverton.

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Teftamony, and allbe, that the faid Manafles fhot at Jofeph Ruffell, as the Indians, firft above named re'ate, and ifurcher this Deponent faith not.

Taken before me this 25'hof Auguft, 1676. Wm. Cadman, AfPift.

This Deponant WilHam Manchefter, aged twenty and two Yeares, or thereabout, being at Pocaffet, afked of Peter Nonoet, the Hufband of Wetamoe, whoe it was that killed Low Howland, his Anfwer was, that Manafles fetcht him out of the Water, and further faith not.

Taken before me, W^. Cadman, Afifl:., Aug*^ 25*, 1676.

Court adjourned until to-morrow Morning, eight of the Clock.

Sepf ift, 1676. The Court called.

Awetamoes Sifter being examined, what fhe could fay concerning the killing of Low Howland, fhe faith, ihe was informed by one of thofe that was at his killing, called Ohom, that this abovP Molafles was the Perfon that fetcht Low Howland out of the Water, at the Time he was kild, although the In- dians that were with them perfwaded him not to

[ i84]

perfue him, and alfoe further faith, that flie knoweth him the f'' Mollafes to be one of the 1 2, that was of that Company, that took and kild the faid How- land.

Mumuxuack ahas Toby, being charged for Suf- pition of killing or affifting, or being in the Com- pany of them that killed John Archer. Upon his Examination faith that he was one of four at the killing of John Archer and his Sonn, but he was with one more, that was about tenn Rod Diftance, and that the other called whether